You have free access to this content

The Unintended Effects of Risk-Refuting Information on Anxiety

  1. Kazuya Nakayachi*

Article first published online: 9 JUN 2012

DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01852.x

Issue

Risk Analysis

Risk Analysis

Volume 33, Issue 1, pages 80–91, January 2013

Additional Information

How to Cite

Nakayachi, K. (2013), The Unintended Effects of Risk-Refuting Information on Anxiety. Risk Analysis, 33: 80–91. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01852.x

Author Information

* Kazuya Nakayachi, Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan; fax: +81 774 658217; nakayachi@mail.doshisha.ac.jp.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 11 JAN 2013
  2. Article first published online: 9 JUN 2012

SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

ARTICLE TOOLS

View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (568K)

REFERENCES

  • 1
    Slovic P, Fischhoff B, Lichtenstein S. Why study risk perception? Risk Analysis, 1982; 2:83–93.
    Direct Link:
  • 2
    Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Kagakugijutu to shakai ni kansuru yoronchousa. [Public opinion survey concerning science and technology]. 2010. Japanese.
  • 3
    Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Chian ni kansuru yoronchousa. [Public opinion survey concerning public peace]. 2006. Japanese.
  • 4
    Central Research Services, Inc. Shoku no annzen ni kansuru chousa. [A survey report concerning food safety]. 2008. Japanese.
  • 5
    Central Research Services, Inc. Koutsuuanzen ni kansuru chousa. [A survey report concerning traffic safety]. 2010. Japanese.
  • 6
    Slovic P, Fischhoff B, Lichtenstein S. Rating the risks. Environment, 1979; 21:14–20, 36–39.
  • 7
    Kraus N, Malmfors T, Slovic P. Intuitive toxicology: Expert and lay judgments of chemical risks. Risk Analysis, 1992; 10:215–232.
    Direct Link:
  • 8
    Flynn J, Slovic P, Merts CK. Decidedly different: Expert and public views of risks from a radioactive waste repository. Risk Analysis, 1993; 13:643–648.
    Direct Link:
  • 9
    Lazo JK, Kinnell JC, Fisher A. Expert and layperson perceptions of ecosystem risk. Risk Analysis, 2000; 20:179–193.
    Direct Link:
  • 10
    Slovic P. Perception of risk. Science, 1987; 236:280–285.
  • 11
    Fischhoff B. Risk perception and communication unplugged: Twenty years of process. Risk Analysis, 1995; 15:137–145.
    Direct Link:
  • 12
    Slovic P. Perceived risk, trust, and democracy. Risk Analysis, 1993; 13:675–682.
    Direct Link:
  • 13
    Earle TC, Cvetkovich G. Social Trust: Toward a Cosmopolitan Society. Westport , CT : Praeger Press, 1995.
  • 14
    Cvetkovich G, Lofstedt RE. Social Trust and the Management of Risk. London : Earthscan, 1999.
  • 15
    Siegrist M, Earle TC, Gutscher H. Trust in Cooperative Risk Management: Uncertainty and skepticism in the Public Mind. London : Earthscan, 2007.
  • 16
    Kasperson RE, Renn O, Slovic P, Brown HS, Emel J, Goble R, Kasperson JX, Ratick S. The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework. Risk Analysis, 1988; 8:177–187.
    Direct Link:
  • 17
    Pidgeon N, Kasperson RE, Slovic P. The Social Amplification of Risk. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2003.
  • 18
    Finucane ML, Alhakami A, Slovic P, Johnson SM. The affect heuristic in judgments of risks and benefits. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 2000; 13(1):1–17.
    Direct Link:
  • 19
    Slovic P, Finucane ML, Peters E, MacGregor DG. The affect heuristic. Pp. 397–420 in Gilovich T, Griffin D, Kahneman D (eds). Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • 20
    Slovic P, Finucane ML, Peters E, MacGregor DG. Risk as analysis and risk as feelings: Some thoughts about affect, reason, risk, and rationality. Risk Analysis, 2004; 24:311–322.
    Direct Link:
  • 21
    Collins AM, Quillian MR. Retrieval time from semantic memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1969; 8:240–247.
  • 22
    Anderson JR, Bower G. Human Associative Memory. Washington, DC : VH Winston & Sons, 1973.
  • 23
    Collins AM, Loftus EF. A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 1975; 82:407–428.
  • 24
    Rips LJ, Shoben EJ, Smith FE. Semantic distance and the verification of semantic relations. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1973; 12(1):665–681.
  • 25
    Bower GH. Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 1981; 36(2):129–148.
  • 26
    Bower GH. Mood congruity and social judgments. Pp. 31–53 in Forgas JP (ed). Emotion and Social Judgments. Oxford : Pergamon Press, 1991.
  • 27
    Loewenstein GF, Weber EU, Hsee CK, Welch N. Risk as feelings. Psychological Bulletin, 2001; 127:267–286.
  • 28
    Siegrist, M, Gutscher, H. Flooding risks: A comparison of lay people's perceptions and expert's assessments in Switzerland. Risk Analysis, 2006; 26(3):971–979.
    Direct Link:
  • 29
    Siegrist M, Keller C, Cousin ME. Implicit attitudes toward nuclear power and mobile phone base stations: Support for the affect heuristic. Risk Analysis, 2006; 26(4):1021–1029.
    Direct Link:
  • 30
    Keller C, Siegrist M, Gutscher H. The role of the affect and availability heuristics in risk communication. Risk Analysis, 2006; 26(3):631–639.
    Direct Link:
  • 31
    Siegrist M, Gutscher H. Natural hazards and motivation for mitigation behavior: People cannot predict the affect evoked by a severe flood. Risk Analysis, 2008; 28(3):771–778.
    Direct Link:
  • 32
    Vastfjall D, Peters E, Slovic P. Affect, risk perception and future optimism after the tsunami disaster. Judgment and Decision Making Journal, 2008; 3(1):64–72.
  • 33
    Dohle S, Keller C, Siegrist M. Examining the relationship between affect and implicit associations: Implications for risk perception. Risk Analysis, 2010; 30(7):1116–1126.
    Direct Link:
  • 34
    Terpstra, T. Emotions, trust, and perceived risk: Affective and cognitive routes to flood preparedness behavior. Risk Analysis, 2011; 31(10):1658–1675.
    Direct Link:
  • 35
    Epstein S. Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious. American Psychologist, 1994; 49:709–724.
  • 36
    Stanovich KE, West RF. Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate? Pp. 421–444 in Gilovich T, Griffin D, Kahneman D (eds). Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. New York : Cambridge University Press; 2002.
  • 37
    Sloman SA. The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 1996; 119(1):3–22.
  • 38
    Kahneman D, Frederick S. Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. Pp. 49–81 in Gilovich T, Griffin D, Kahneman D (eds). Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • 39
    Tulving E, Schacter DL, Stark HA. Priming effects in word fragment completion are independent of recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 1982; 8(4):336–342.
  • 40
    Tulving E, Schacter DL. Priming and human memory systems. Science, 1990; 247(4940):301–306.
  • 41
    Tversky A, Kahneman D. Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 1974; 185(4157):1124–1131.
  • 42
    Johnson EJ, Tversky A. Affect, generalization, and the perception of risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1983; 45(1):20–31
  • 43
    Wason PC. The processing of positive and negative information. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1959; 11:92–107.
  • 44
    Rothbart M, Park B. On the confirmability and disconfirmability of trait concepts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986; 50:131–142.
  • 45
    Kahneman D, Tversky A. Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 1979; 47(2), 263–291.
  • 46
    Tversky A, Kahneman D. The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 1981; 211(4481):453–458.
  • 47
    Nakayachi K, Shimada T. Nipponjinno hazaadofuanto sonoteigen. [Public concern about hazards in Japan and a method for their reduction]. Japanese Journal of Risk Analysis, 2010; 20(2):125–133. Japanese.
  • 48
    Nakayachi, K. Nipponjinwa nanini fuanwo kanjiteiruka. [What Japanese people feel anxiety about]. Proceedings of the 51st Conference of the Japanese Society for Social Psychology ; 2010 Sep 18; Hiroshima Japan: c 2010. p. 160–161. Japanese.
  • 49
    Fischhoff B, Slovic P, Lictenstein S. Fault trees: Sensitivity of estimated failure probabilities to problem representation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1978; 4(2):330–344.
View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (568K)