These authors contributed equally to this paper
You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
Investigation of the relationship between the structure and function of Ts2, a neurotoxin from Tityus serrulatus venom
Article first published online: 4 APR 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08545.x
© 2012 The Authors Journal compilation © 2012 FEBS
Additional Information
How to Cite
Cologna, C. T., Peigneur, S., Rustiguel, J. K., Nonato, M. C., Tytgat, J. and Arantes, E. C. (2012), Investigation of the relationship between the structure and function of Ts2, a neurotoxin from Tityus serrulatus venom. FEBS Journal, 279: 1495–1504. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08545.x
- †
These authors contributed equally to this paper
Publication History
- Issue published online: 4 APR 2012
- Article first published online: 4 APR 2012
- Accepted manuscript online: 22 FEB 2012 02:23PM EST
- (Received 13 October 2011, revised 27 January 2012, accepted 17 February 2012)
References
- 1
- 2, , , & (2009) Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom and toxins: an overview. Protein Pept Lett 16, 920–932.
- 3, , , , & (1996) Characterization of a new peptide from Tityus serrulatus venom which is a ligand of apamin-binding site. FEBS Lett 390, 81–84.
- 4& (2007) Voltage-gated sodium channel modulation by scorpion α-toxins. Toxicon 49, 142–158.
- 5& (1995) Scorpion neurotoxins: effects and mechanism. In Handbook of Neurotoxicology (Chang LW & Dyer RS eds), pp. 683–716. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY.
- 6, & (2000) AaIT: from neurotoxin to insecticide. Biochimie 82, 869–881.
- 7, , & (1982) Two types of scorpion receptor sites, one related to the activation, the other to the inactivation of the action potential sodium channel. Toxicon 20, 9–16.
- 8, , & (1998) Functional anatomy of scorpion toxins affecting sodium channels. J Toxicol Toxin Rev 17, 131–159.
- 9& (2000) Molecular mechanisms of neurotoxin action on voltage-gated sodium channels. Biochimie 82, 883–892.
- 10& (2005) Overview of scorpion toxins specific for Na+ channels and related peptides: biodiversity, structure–function relationships and evolution. Toxicon 46, 831–844.
- 11, , , , & (1998) Voltage sensor trapping: enhanced activation of sodium channels by β-scorpion toxin bound to the S3–S4 loop in domain II. Neuron 21, 919–931.
- 12, & (2007) Differential effects of five ‘classical’ scorpion β-toxins on rNav1.2a and DmNav1 provide clues on species-selectivity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 218, 45–51.
- 13, , , & (1999) Crystal structure of neurotoxin Ts1 from Tityus serrulatus provides insights into the specificity and toxicity of scorpion toxins. J Mol Biol 290, 175–184.
- 14, , , , , & (2001) Purification, amino-acid sequence and partial characterization of two toxins with anti-insect activity from the venom of the South American scorpion Tityus bahiensis (Buthidae). Toxicon 39, 1009–1019.
- 15, , , , , , & (2005) A spider toxin that induces a typical effect of scorpion α-toxins but competes with β-toxins on binding to insect sodium channels. Biochemistry 44, 1542–1549.
- 16, , , , & (2000) Isolation, synthesis and pharmacological characterization of δ-palutoxins IT, novel insecticidal toxins from the spider Paracoelotes luctuosus. Eur J Biochem 267, 5783–5795.
- 17, , , , & (1992) The β-type toxin TsII from the scorpion Tityus serrulatus: amino acid sequence determination and assessment of biological and antigenic properties. Nat Toxins 1, 119–125.Direct Link:
- 18, , , & (1991) Further characterization of toxins T1IV (TsTXIII) and T2IV from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom. Toxicon 29, 663–672.
- 19, , , , , , & (2011) Tityus serrulatus venom and toxins Ts1, Ts2 and Ts6 induce macrophage activation and production of immune mediators. Toxicon 57, 1101–1108.
- 20, , & (1989) A simplified procedure for the fractionation of Tityus serrulatus venom: isolation and partial characterization of TsTX-IV, a new neurotoxin. Toxicon 27, 907–916.
- 21, , & (1993) PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures. J Appl Crystallogr 26, 283–291.
- 22, , , & (1996) Crystal structure of an acidic neurotoxin from scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch at 1.85 Å resolution. J Mol Biol 261, 415–431.
- 23, , & (1981) Purification and chemical characterization of the major toxins from the venom of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus Lutz and Melo. Carlsberg Res Commun 46, 195–205.
- 24, & (1983) Isolation and characterization of toxic protein from the venom of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus. Toxicon 21, 265–277.
- 25, , , & (2001) Neutralization of gating charges in domain II of the sodium channel α subunit enhances voltage-sensor trapping by a β-scorpion toxin. J Gen Physiol 118, 291–302.
- 26, , & (1986) Tityus serrulatus toxin VII bears pharmacological properties of both β-toxin and insect toxin from scorpion venoms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 139, 296–302.
- 27& (2003) Overview of the voltage-gated sodium channels family. Genome Biol 4, 207.
- 28, , , , , , , , , et al. (2000) Nomeclature of voltage-gated sodium channels. Neuron 28, 365–368.
- 29, , , , , , , , , et al. (2006) An SCN9A channelopathy causes congenital inability to experience pain. Nature 444, 894–898.
- 30, , & (2008) Inherited neuronal ion channelopathies: new windows on complex neurological diseases. J Neurosci 28, 11768–11777.
- 31
- 32, , , & (2010) Pain channelopathies. J Physiol 588, 1897–1904.
- 33(2010) Ion channels as novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of pain. J Pharm Pharmacol 62, 1089–1095.
- 34, , , , & (1991) An anti-insect toxin purified from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector, also acts on the α- and β-sites of the mammalian sodium channel: sequence and circular dichroism study. Biochemistry 30, 633–640.
- 35
- 36, , , , , & (2004) Molecular cloning and functional expression of the α-scorpion toxin BotIII: pivotal role of C-terminal region for its interaction with voltage-dependent sodium channels. Peptides 25, 151–161.
- 37& (1999) Cation–π interactions in structural biology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 9459–9464.
- 38& (2005) Cation–pi interactions in protein–protein interfaces. Proteins 59, 231–239.
- 39, , , , , , , , , et al. (2003) An ‘Old World’ scorpion β-toxin that recognizes both insect and mammalian sodium channels. Eur J Biochem 270, 2663–2670.
- 40, & (2005) The depressant scorpion neurotoxin LqqIT2 selectively modulates the insect voltage-gated sodium channel. Toxicon 45, 501–507.
- 41, , , & (2010) Two recombinant depressant scorpion neurotoxins differentially affecting mammalian sodium channels. Toxicon 55, 1425–1433.
- 42, , & (1999) Scorpion toxins specific for Na+-channels. Eur J Biochem 264, 287–300.
- 43, & (1986) Interactions of scorpion toxins with the sodium channel. Ann NY Acad Sci 479, 113–132.
- 44, , , , & (1992) Localization of receptor sites for insect-selective toxins on sodium channels by site-directed antibodies. Biochemistry 31, 7622–7628.
- 45, & (1992) Subunit stoichiometry of a mammalian K+ channel determined by construction of multimeric cDNA. Neuron 9, 861–871.
- 45a(2001) Ion channels of excitable membranes. Sinauer associates, Inc. Sunderland, MA.
- 46, , & (2003) Structural analysis of Tityus serrulatus Ts1 neurotoxin at atomic resolution: insights into interactions with Na+ channels. Acta Crystallogr D 59, 405–415.
- 47(1988) Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering. Nucleic Acids Res 16, 10881–10890.
- 48& (1993) Comparative protein modelling by satisfaction of spatial restraints. J Mol Biol 234, 779–815.
- 49(2011) Modeller: A Program for Protein Structure Modeling by Satisfaction of Spatial Restraints [WWW document]. URL http://salilab.org/modeller/ [accessed on 23 February 2012].
- 50, , , & (2002) The CCP4 molecular-graphics project. Acta Crystallogr D 58, 1955–1957.
- 51, , , , , , , , & (2004) Developments in the CCP4 molecular-graphics project. Acta Crystallogr D 60, 2288–2294.

1742-4658/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=9011db155cccc04ee73e143039b3ec555aa8d349)
1742-4658/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=8ef64c2fc7142c262292a103cebc627d9bc4459b)
