aAuthor for correspondence. E-mail: wilt@socrates.berkeley.edu
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Role of LSM34/SpSM50 proteins in endoskeletal spicule formation in sea urchin embryos
Article first published online: 30 SEP 2008
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2008.00147.x
© 2008, The Authors. Journal compilation © 2008, The American Microscopical Society, Inc.
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How to Cite
Wilt, F., Croker, L., Killian, C. E. and McDonald, K. (2008), Role of LSM34/SpSM50 proteins in endoskeletal spicule formation in sea urchin embryos. Invertebrate Biology, 127: 452–459. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2008.00147.x
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aAuthor for correspondence. E-mail: wilt@socrates.berkeley.edu
Publication History
- Issue published online: 8 DEC 2008
- Article first published online: 30 SEP 2008
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Keywords:
- skeletal;
- biomineralization
Abstract. Sea urchin embryos form an endoskeletal spicule composed of calcium carbonate and occluded matrix proteins. The accumulation of the LSM34 spicule matrix protein in embryos of Lytechinus pictus (and its ortholog, SpSM50, in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) has been inhibited using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides. The inhibition, using relatively high levels of antisense reagent, can result in the complete absence of spicules, and the complete loss of immunoreactive LSM34/SpSM50, as judged by immunostaining and Western blotting. Primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) do form and express PMC-specific cell surface antigens despite this inhibition. However, these anti-LSM34/SpSM50-treated embryos do not accumulate SM30 protein, another major matrix protein. Hence, both the initiation of spicule formation and subsequent morphogenesis require LSM34 accumulation in L. pictus, and the accumulation of its ortholog, SpSM50, in S. purpuratus.