This research was supported by a Graduate Research Fellowship from the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice (Grant 1999-IJ-CX-0059). This manuscript is also based on data from the Project on Policing Neighborhoods (or POPN), directed by Stephen D. Mastrofski, Roger B. Parks, Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Robert E. Worden. POPN was supported by Grant 95-IJ-CX-0071 by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Special thanks to Steve Mastrofski, Celia Lo, Ida Johnson, John Watkins, Bob Bursik, and the anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Address all correspondence to Richard Spano, Department of Criminal Justice, University of Alabama, Box 870320, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487
CONCERNS ABOUT SAFETY, OBSERVER SEX, AND THE DECISION TO ARREST: EVIDENCE OF REACTIVITY IN A LARGE-SCALE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF POLICE†
Article first published online: 7 MAR 2006
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb01008.x
Additional Information
How to Cite
SPANO, R. (2003), CONCERNS ABOUT SAFETY, OBSERVER SEX, AND THE DECISION TO ARREST: EVIDENCE OF REACTIVITY IN A LARGE-SCALE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF POLICE. Criminology, 41: 909–932. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb01008.x
- †
Richard Spano is Assistant Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice at the University of Alabama. His research interests include field research methodology, life course explanations of criminal behavior, and disentangling the impact of situational, neighborhood, and organizational factors on police behavior.
Publication History
- Issue published online: 7 MAR 2006
- Article first published online: 7 MAR 2006
Options for accessing this content:
- If you have access to this content through a society membership, please first log in to your society website.
- If you would like institutional access to this content, please recommend the title to your librarian.
- Login via other institutional login options http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/login-options.
- You can purchase online access to this Article for a 24-hour period (price varies by title)
- If you already have a Wiley Online Library or Wiley InterScience user account: login above and proceed to purchase the article.
- New Users: Please register, then proceed to purchase the article.
If your institution is a registered Wiley Online Library customer, you can log in under your institution's name to see our content. This access is provided by Shibboleth or Athens.
Type your institution's name in the box below. If your institution is a Wiley customer, it will appear in the list of suggested institutions.
Registered Users please login:
- Access your saved publications, articles and searches
- Manage your email alerts, orders and subscriptions
- Change your contact information, including your password
Please register to:
- Save publications, articles and searches
- Get email alerts
- Get all the benefits mentioned below!

1745-9125/asset/CRIM_centre.gif?v=1&s=a0012eb76e5a1799ec039dae244646491a8818e6)
1745-9125/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=32cfaa380ed40461e1dc540cf719607da567a07f)