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Risk factors of ophthalmic disorders in children with developmental delay

  1. Lisbeth Sandfeld Nielsen1,
  2. Hanne Jensen1,
  3. Liselotte Skov2

Article first published online: 28 JUN 2008

DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2007.01158.x

Issue

Acta Ophthalmologica

Acta Ophthalmologica

Volume 86, Issue 8, pages 877–881, December 2008

Additional Information

How to Cite

Sandfeld Nielsen, L., Jensen, H. and Skov, L. (2008), Risk factors of ophthalmic disorders in children with developmental delay. Acta Ophthalmologica, 86: 877–881. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2007.01158.x

Author Information

  1. 1

    Ophthalmological Department, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark

  2. 2

    Paediatric Department, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark

*Lisbeth Sandfeld Nielsen Glostrup Hospital Ringvejen 2600 Glostrup Denmark Tel: +45 4523 2300 Fax: +45 3545 2298 Email: l.sandfeld@dadlnet.dk

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 28 NOV 2008
  2. Article first published online: 28 JUN 2008
  3. Received on February 27th, 2007. Accepted on November 8th, 2007.

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Keywords:

  • children;
  • developmental delay;
  • refractive errors;
  • relative risk;
  • strabismus;
  • visual impairment

Abstract.

Purpose:  To identify diagnoses that increase the risk of ophthalmic disorders in developmentally delayed children.

Methods:  A cross-sectional study of 1126 Danish children with developmental delay (IQ ≤ 80), aged 4–15 years [mean age 10 years 1 month; standard deviation (SD) 3 years 2 months; 702 boys, 424 girls]. Ophthalmological and paediatric data were obtained from 719 children. The relative risks (RRs) of ophthalmic disorders were calculated for low IQ, low birth weight, low gestational age, asphyxia, cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, neuroradiologically verified cerebral abnormalities, Down’s syndrome and other genetic syndromes.

Results:  Adjusted RR showed that visual impairment was correlated to CP [RR 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–4.2], epilepsy (RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5–4.2), verified cerebral changes (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.3) and Down’s syndrome (RR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.3). Adjusted RR showed that refractive errors were correlated to CP (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1) and Down’s syndrome (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5–3.2). Adjusted RR showed that strabismus was correlated to cerebral changes (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.5).

Conclusion:  The RR of ophthalmic disorders in developmentally delayed children is increased if the child has CP, epilepsy, verified cerebral abnormalities or a genetic syndrome; referral for ophthalmological evaluation should be performed on suspicion of these conditions.

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