Varicella zoster Virus

Abstract

Purpose Patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) are referred to ophthalmologists for prevention or treatment of its potential complications. Without prompt detection and treatment, HZO can lead to substantial visual disability. The purpose of this presentation is to summarize the typical signs and symptoms of anterior uveitis associated with varicella zoster virus (VZV).

Methods Presentation of typical signs and symptoms of anterior uveitis associated with varicella zoster virus (VZV).

Results Varicella zoster virus is often associated with corneal complications such as epithelial, stromal, and disciform keratitis; anterior uveitis; necrotizing retinitis; and cranial nerve palsies in relation to the eye. Postherpetic complications, especially postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), are frequently observed. Cranial nerve palsies are common and most often involve the facial nerve, although palsy of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves may occur in isolation or (rarely) simultaneously. Complete ophthalmoplegia can also been seen. Vasculitis within the orbital apex (orbital apex syndrome) or brainstem dysfunction is postulated to be the cause of cranial nerve palsies.

Conclusion The management of VZV ophthalmic involvement, includes a multidisciplinary approach aiming to reduce complications and morbidity