• Please log in or register to access this feature.
You have free access to this content

Factors influencing placental development and function in the mare

  1. S. WILSHER*,
  2. W. R. ALLEN

Article first published online: 7 FEB 2012

DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00452.x

Issue

Equine Veterinary Journal

Equine Veterinary Journal

Special Issue: Equine Perinatology

Volume 44, Issue Supplement s41, pages 113–119, February 2012

Additional Information

How to Cite

WILSHER, S. and ALLEN, W. R. (2012), Factors influencing placental development and function in the mare. Equine Veterinary Journal, 44: 113–119. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00452.x

Author Information

  1. The Paul Mellon Laboratory of Equine Reproduction, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK

* email: pml@btinternet.com

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 7 FEB 2012
  2. Article first published online: 7 FEB 2012
  3. Received 21.04.11; Accepted 27.05.11

SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

ARTICLE TOOLS

View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (1481K)

References

  • Abd-Elnaeim, M.M.M., Leiser, R., Wilsher, S. and Allen, W.R. (2006) Structural and haemovascular aspects of placental growth throughout gestation in young and aged mares. Placenta 27, 1103-1113.
  • Allen, W.R. (1969) The immunological measurement of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin. J. Endocr. 43, 593-598.
  • Allen, W.R. (1982) Immunological aspects of the equine endometrial cup reaction and the effect of xenogeneic pregnancy in horses and donkeys. J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. 31, 57-94.
  • Allen, W.R. and Moor, R.M. (1972) The origin of the equine endometrial cups. I. Production of PMSG by the fetal trophoblast cells. J. Reprod. Fert. 29, 313-316.
  • Allen, W.R. and Wilsher, S. (2009) A review of implantation and early placentation in the mare. Placenta 30, 1005-1015.
  • Allen, W.R., Gower, S. and Wilsher, S. (2007) Immunohistochemical localisation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its two receptors (Flt-I and KDR) in the endometrium and placenta of the mare during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 42, 516-526.
    Direct Link:
  • Allen, W.R., Gower, S. and Wilsher, S. (2011) Fetal membrane differentiation, implantation and early placentation in the mare. In: Equine Reproduction, 2nd edn., Vol 2, Eds: A.O. McKinnon, E.L. Squires, W.E. Vaala and D.D. Varner, Wiley Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester. pp 2187-2199.
  • Allen, W.R., Hamilton, D.W. and Moor, R.M. (1973) The origin of the equine endometrial cups. II. Invasion of the endometrium by trophoblast. Anat. Rec. 177, 485-502.
    Direct Link:
  • Allen, W.R., Wilsher, S., Stewart, F., Ousey, J. and Fowden, A. (2002b) The Influence of maternal size on placental, fetal and postnatal growth in the horse: II Endocrinology of pregnancy. J. Endocrinol. 172, 237-246.
  • Allen, W.R., Wilsher, S., Tiplady, C. and Butterfield, R.M. (2004) The influence of maternal size on pre- and postnatal growth in the horse: III Postnatal growth. Reproduction 127, 67-77.
  • Allen, W.R., Wilsher, S., Turnbull, C., Stewart, F., Ousey, J., Rossdale, P.D. and Fowden, A. (2002a) Influence of maternal size on placental, fetal and postnatal growth in the horse: I Development in utero. Reproduction 123, 445-453.
  • Amoroso, E.C. (1952) Placentation. In: Marshall's Physiology of Reproduction, 3rd edn., Ed: A.S. Parkes, Longman Green, London. pp 127-297.
  • Ball, B.A., Schlafer, D.H., Card, C.E. and Yeager, A.E. (1993) Partial re-establishment of villous placentation after reduction of an equine co-twin by foetal cardiac puncture. Equine. Vet. J. 25, 336-338.
    Direct Link:
  • Battut, I., Colchen, S., Fiéni, F., Tainturier, D. and Bruyas, J.F. (1997) Success rates when attempting to non-surgically collect equine embryos at 144, 156 and 168 hours after ovulation. Equine Vet. J., Suppl. 25, 60-62.
  • Betteridge, K.J. (1989) The structure and function of the equine capsule in relation to embryo manipulation and transfer. Equine Vet. J., Suppl. 8, 92-100.
  • Bracher, V., Mathias, S. and Allen, W.R. (1996) Influence of chronic degenerative endometritis (endometrosis) on placental development in the mare. Equine Vet. J. 28, 180-188.
    Direct Link:
  • Brameld, J.M., Mostyn, A., Drandrea, J., Stephenson, T.J., Dawson, J.M., Buttery, P.J. and Symonds, M.E. (2000) Maternal nutrition alters the expression of insulin-like growth factors in fetal sheep liver and skeletal muscle. J. Endocrinol. 167, 429-437.
  • Carnevale, E.M. and Ginther, O.J. (1992) Relationships of age to uterine function and reproductive efficiency in mares. Theriogenol. 37, 1101-1115.
  • Cole, H.H. and Hart, G.H. (1930) The potency of blood serum of mares in progressive stages of pregnancy in effecting the sexual maturity of the immature rat. Am. J. Physiol. 83, 57-68.
  • Cottrill, C.M., Jeffers-Lo, J., Ousey, J.C., McGladdery, A.J., Ricketts, S.W., Silver, M. and Rossdale, P.D. (1991) The placenta as a determinant of fetal well-being in normal and abnormal equine pregnancies. J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. 44, 591-601.
  • Ellenberger, C., Wilsher, S., Allen, W.R., Hoffmann, C., Kölling, M., Bazer, F.W., Klug, J., Schoon, D. and Schoon, H.A. (2008) Immunolocalisation of the uterine secretory proteins uterocalin, uteroferrin and uteroglobulin in the mare's uterus and placenta throughout gestation. Theriogenol. 70, 746-757.
  • Forhead, A.J., Ousey, J.C., Allen, W.R. and Fowden, A.L. (2004) Postnatal insulin secretion and sensitivity after manipulation of fetal growth by embryo transfer in the horse. J. Endocrinol. 181, 459-467.
  • Gastal, M.O., Gastal, E.L., Kot, K. and Ginther, O.J. (1996) Factors related to the time of fixation of the conceptus in mares. Theriogenol. 46, 1171-1180.
  • Gerstenberg, C., Allen, W.R. and Stewart, F. (1999) Factors controlling epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene expression in the endometrium of the mare. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 53, 255-265.
    Direct Link:
  • Ginther, O.J. (1983) Mobility of the early equine conceptus. Theriogenol. 19, 613-623.
  • Giussani, D.A., Forhead, A.J., Gardner, D.S., Fletcher, A.J., Allen, W.R. and Fowden, A.L. (2003) Postnatal cardiovascular function after manipulation of fetal growth by embryo transfer in the horse. J. Physiol. 547, 67-76.
  • Govaere, J., Hoogewijs, M., de Schauwer, C., van Loon, G. and de Kruif, A. (2008) Incomplete placentation after twin reduction in a mare. Vet. Rec. 163, 747-748.
  • Griffin, P.G. and Ginther, O.J. (1991) Uterine morphology and function in postpartum mares. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 11, 330-339.
  • Hintz, H.F. (1993) Nutrition of the broodmare. In: Equine Reproduction, Eds: A.O. McKinnon and J.L. Voss, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. pp 631-639.
  • Hoffmann, C., Bazer, F.W., Klug, J., Aupperle, H., Ellenberger, C. and Schoon, H.A. (2009) Immunohistochemical and histochemical identification of proteins and carbohydrates in the equine endometrium: Expression patterns for mares suffering from endometrosis. Theriogenol. 71, 264-274.
  • Holtan, D.W., Houghton, E., Silver, M., Fowden, A.L., Ousey, J. and Rossdale, P.D. (1991) Plasma progestagens in the mare, fetus and newborn foal. J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. 44, 517-528.
  • Jeffcott, L.B. and Whitwell, K.E. (1973) Twinning as a cause of foetal and neonatal loss in the Thoroughbred mare. J. Comp. Pathol. 83, 91-106.
  • Kenny, R.M. (1978) Cyclic and pathological changes of the mare endometrium as detected by biopsy with a note on early embryonic death. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 172, 241-262.
  • Kenny, R.M. (1993) Endometrosis. In: Proceedings of the John Hughes International Workshop on Equine Endometrisis. Equine. vet. J. 25, 184-193.
  • MacDonald, A.A., Chavatte, P. and Fowden, A.L. (2000) Scanning electron microscopy of the microcotyledonary placenta of the horse (Equus caballus) in the latter half of gestation. Placenta 21, 565-574.
  • McDowell, K.J., Sharp, D.C., Grubaugh, W., Thatcher, W.W. and Wilcox, C.J. (1988) Restricted conceptus mobility results in failure of pregnancy maintenance in mares. Biol. Reprod. 39, 340-348.
  • McKinnon, A.O. (2007) Twin reduction techniques. In: Current Therapy in Equine Reproduction, Eds: J.C. Samper, J.F. Pycock and A.O. McKinnon, W.B. Saunders, St Louis. pp 357-373.
  • Oriol, J.G., Sharom, F.J. and Betteridge, K.J. (1993) Mucin-like glycoproteins of the equine embryonic capsule. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 34, 255-265.
    Direct Link:
  • Pashen, R.L. and Allen, W.R. (1979) The role of the fetal gonads and placenta in steroid production, maintenance of pregnancy and parturition in the mare. J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. 27, 499-509.
  • Ricketts, S.W. and Alonso, S. (1991) The effect of age and parity on the development of chronic endometrial disease. Equine Vet. J. 23, 189-192.
    Direct Link:
  • Roberts, J.C. (1982) Termination of twin gestation by blastocyst crush in the broodmare. J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. 32, 447-449.
  • Robinson, J.J., Sinclair, K.D. and McEvoy, T.G. (1999) Nutritional effects on foetal growth. J. Anim. Sci. 68, 315-331.
  • Rossdale, P.D. (1966) A Clinical and Laboratory Assessment of the Health Status of the Newborn Thoroughbred Foal. Fellowship Thesis, Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, London.
  • Rossdale, P.D. and Ricketts, S.W. (2002) Evaluation of the fetal membranes at foaling. Equine Vet. Educ., Suppl. 5, 78-82.
  • Rossdale, P.D. and Silver, M. (1982) The concept of readiness for birth. J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. 32, 507-510.
  • Samuel, C.A., Allen, W.R. and Steven, D.H. (1974) Studies on the development of the equine placenta. I. Development of the microcotyledons. J. Reprod. Fert. 41, 441-445.
  • Samuel, C.A., Allen, W.R. and Steven, D.H. (1975) Ultrastructural development of the equine placenta. J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. 23, 575-578.
  • Short, R.V. (1969) Implantation and the maternal recognition of pregnancy. In: Ciba Foundation Symposium on Foetal Autonomy, Eds: G.E.W. Wolstenholme and M. O'Connor, J. and A. Churchill, London. pp 2-26.
  • Smith, K.C., Blunden, A.S., Whitwell, K.E., Dunn, K.A. and Wales, A.D. (2003) A survey of equine abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death in the UK from 1988 to 1997. Equine Vet. J. 35, 496-501.
    Direct Link:
  • Stewart, F., Power, C.A., Lennard, S.N., Allen, W.R., Amet, L. and Edwards, R.M. (2000) Immunlocalisation of the a novel protein (P19) in the endometrium of fertile and subfertile mares. J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. 56, 1373-1377.
  • Stout, T.A.E. and Allen, W.R. (2001) Role of prostaglandins in intrauterine migration of the equine conceptus. Reproduction 121, 771-775.
  • Stout, T.A.E. and Allen, W.R. (2002) Prostaglandin E2 and F2α production of equine conceptuses and concentrations in conceptus fluids and uterine flushings recovered from early pregnant and dioestrous mares. Reproduction 123, 261-268.
  • Tischner, M. (1985) Embryo recovery from Polish-pony mares and preliminary observations on foal size after transfer of embryos to large mare. Equine Vet. J., Suppl. 3, 96-98.
  • Tischner, M. (1987) Development of Polish-pony foals born after embryo transfer to large mares. J. Reprod. Fert., Suppl. 35, 705-709.
  • Tischner, M. and Klimczak, M. (1989) The development of Polish ponies born after embryo transfer to large recipients. Equine Vet. J., Suppl. 8, 62-63.
  • Wallace, J.M., Aitkin, R.P. and Cheyne, M.A. (1996) Nutrition partitioning and fetal growth in rapidly growing adolescent ewes. J. Reprod. Fert. 107, 183-190.
  • Wallace, J.M., Bourke, D.A., Aitkin, R.P. and Cruikshank, M.A. (1999) Switching maternal nutrient intake at the end of the first trimester has profound effects on placental development and fetal growth in adolescent sheep carrying singleton fetuses. Biol. Reprod. 61, 101-110.
  • Wallace, J.M., Bourke, D.A., Da Silva, P. and Aitkin, R.P. (2001) Nutrient partitioning during adolescent pregnancy. Reproduction 122, 347-483.
  • Walton, A. and Hammond, J. (1938) The maternal effects on growth and conformation in Shire horse-Shetland pony crosses. Proc. R. Soc. Ser. B 125, 311-335.
  • Webber, J.A., Freeman, D.A., Vanderwall, D.K. and Woods, G.L. (1991) Prostaglandin E2 secretion by oviductal transport stage equine embryos. Biol. Reprod. 45, 540-543.
  • Webber, J.A., Woods, G.L. and Lichtenwalner, A.B. (1995) Relaxatory effect of prostaglandin E2 on circular smooth muscle isolated from the equine oviductal isthmus. Biol. Reprod. Monogr. Series 1, 125-130.
  • Webber, J.A., Woods, G.L., Freeman, D.A. and Vanderwall, D.K. (1992) Prostaglandin E2-specific binding to the equine oviduct. Prostaglandins 43, 61-63.
  • Whitehead, A.E., Foster, R. and Chenier, R.A. (2005) Placental characteristics of Standardbred mares. Proc. Am. Ass. Equine Practnrs. 51, 215-220.
  • Wilsher, S. and Allen, W.R. (2003) The effects of maternal age and parity on placental and fetal development in the mare. Equine Vet. J. 35, 476-483.
    Direct Link:
  • Wilsher, S. and Allen, W.R. (2006) Effects of a Streptococcus equi infection-mediated nutritional insult during mid-gestation in primiparous Thoroughbred fillies. Part 1. Placental and fetal development. Equine Vet. J. 38, 549-557.
    Direct Link:
  • Wilsher, S., Clutton-Brock, A. and Allen, W.R. (2010) Successful transfer of day 10 horse embryos: influence of donor-recipient asynchrony on embryo development. Reproduction 139, 575-585.
View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (1481K)