SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

References

  • Case RB, Fite DL, Davis SM, et al. Emergency Department Crowding: Information Paper. Dallas : TX, 2004 Available at:http://www.acep.org/NR/rdonlyres/1FDC6583-A6F6-4022-95DF-92FCFFEE77F3/0/empcCrowdingPPR.pdf 2004 Accessed Nov 11, 2006.
  • Richardson L, Asplin B, Lowe R. Emergency department crowding as a health policy issue: past development, future direction Ann Emerg Med 2002;40:388393.
  • Kellerman A. Crisis in the emergency department N Engl J Med 2006;355:13001303.
  • Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System, Board on Health Care Services. The Evolving Role of Hospital-Based Emergency Care. Future of Emergency Care: Hospital-Based Emergency Care at the Breaking Point (Prepublication Copy: Uncorrected Proofs) Washington , DC : National Academies Press; 2006 pp 2963.
  • United States General Accounting Office. Hospital Emergency Departments; Crowded Conditions Vary among Hospitals and Communities (GAO-03-460), 2003. Available at: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03460.pdf. Accessed Nov 11, 2006.
  • Derlet R. Overcrowding in emergency departments: increased demand and decreased capacity Ann Emerg Med 2002;39:430432.
  • Asplin B, Magid D, Rhodes K, Solberg L, Lurie N, Camargo C. A conceptual model of emergency department crowding Ann Emerg Med 2003;42:173180.
  • Schneider SM, Gallery ME, Schafermeter R Zwemer FL. Emergency department crowding: a point in time Ann Emerg Med 2003;42:167172.
  • Fatovich DM, Nagree Y, Sprivulis P. Access block causes emergency department overcrowding and ambulance diversion in Perth, Western Australia Emerg Med J 2005;22:351354.
  • Derlet RW, Richards JR. Overcrowding in the nation's emergency departments: complex causes and disturbing effects Ann Emerg Med 2000;35:6368.
  • Richardson D. The access block effect: relationship between delay to reaching an inpatient bed and inpatient length of stay Med J Aust 2002;177:492495.
  • Henry M. Overcrowding in America's emergency departments: inpatient wards replace emergency care Acad Emerg Med 2001;8:188189.
  • Krochmal P, Riley T. Increased health care costs associated with ED overcrowding Am J Emerg Med 1994;12:265266.
  • Gilboy N, Tanabe P, Travers DA, Rosenau AM, Eitel DR. Emergency Severity Index, Version 4: Implementation Handbook. AHRQ Publication No. 05-0046-2, May 2005. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/research/esi/). Accessed Nov 11, 2006.
  • Welch SJ, Allen TL. Data driven quality improvement in the emergency department at a level one trauma and tertiary care hospital J Emerg Med 2006;30:269276.
  • Olshaker JS, Rathlev NK. Emergency department overcrowding and ambulance diversion: The impact and potential solutions of extended boarding of admitted patients in the emergency department J Emerg Med 2006;30:351356.
  • Richardson D. Reducing patient time in the emergency department Med J Aust 2003;179:516517.
  • Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians and the National Emergency Nurses Affiliation Joint Position Paper. Access to acute care in the setting of emergency department overcrowding Can J Emerg Med 2003;5:8186.
  • Epstein S. American College of Emergency Physician Crowding Resources Task Force Presentation, 2004. Available at: http://www.acep.org/webportal/membercenter/chap/res/crowding/. Accessed Nov 11, 2006.
  • Welch SJ. The Emergency Department Performance Measure and Benchmarking Summit Emerg Med News June 2006:245 July 2006, pp, 89.
  • Williams R. The costs of visits to emergency departments N Engl J Med 1996;334:642646.
  • Fields W. Calculus, chaos, and other models of emergency department overcrowding (commentary) Ann Emerg Med 2004;42:181183.
  • Hughes D, McGuire A. Stochastic demand, production responses, and hospital costs J Health Econ 2006;22:9991010.
  • Munoz E, Laughlin A, Regan D, Teicher I, Margolis I, Wise L. The financial effects of emergency department generated admissions under prospective payment systems JAMA 1985;254:17631771.
  • Eastaugh SR. Overcrowding and fiscal pressures in emergency medicine Hosp Top Res Perspect Healthcare 2002;80(1):711.
  • Brewster L, Rudell L, Lesser C. Emergency room diversions: a symptom of hospitals under stress Issue Brief Cent Stud Health Syst Change 2001;38:14.
  • Gallagher JE, Lynn SG. The etiology of medical gridlock: causes of emergency department overcrowding in New York City J Emerg Med 1990;8:785790.
  • Proudlove NC, Gordon K, Boaden R. Can good bed management solve the overcrowding in accident and emergency departments? Emerg Med J 2003;20:149155.
  • Geer R, Smith J. Strategies to take hospitals off (revenue) diversion Healthc Financ Manage 2004;58(3):7074.
  • Healthcare Financial Management Association. Tackling the Capacity Crisis: Successful Bed Management Strategies (educational report). 2006. Available at:http://www.hfma.org/library/revenue/patientaccess/Capacity_Crisis_Successful_Bed_Management.htm. Accessed Nov 11, 2006.
  • McConnell KJ, Richards CF, Daya M, Weathers CC, Lowe RA. The economic impact of ambulance diversions[abstract] Acad Emerg Med 2005;12(Suppl 1):89.
  • Falvo T, Grove L, Stachura R Zirkin W. The financial impact of ambulance diversions and patient elopements Acad Emerg Med 2007;14:5862.
  • Yancer DA, Forshee D, Cole H, et al. Managing capacity to reduce emergency department overcrowding and ambulance diversions Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2006;32:239245.
  • Showstack J. The costs of providing non-urgent care in emergency departments Ann Emerg Med 2005;45:493494.
  • Reid PP, Compton WD, Grossman JH, Fanjiang, G Building a Better Health Care System: A New Engineering/Health Care Partnership. National Academy of Engineering and Institute of Medicine Report Washington , DC : National Academies Press; 2005.
  • Pindyck RS, Rubinfeld DL. Uncertainty and customer behavior. Microeconomics, 6th ed Upper Saddle. River : NJ, 2005 pp 214, 2723.
  • Oscan Y Decision making in health care facilities. Quantitative Methods in Health Care Management: Techniques and Applications San Francisco , CA : Josey-Bass; 2005 pp 4978.
  • Meigs R, Williams J, Haka S, Bettner M. Incremental Analysis. Accounting: The Basis of Business Decisions, 11th ed. Boston : MA, 1999 pp 8634.
  • Drummond M, Stoddart G, LaBelle R Cushman R. Health economics: an introduction for clinicians Ann Intern Med 1987;107:8892.
  • Bayley M, Schwartz J, Shofer R, et al. The financial burden of ED congestion and hospital overcrowding for chest pain patients awaiting admission[abstract] Acad Emerg Med 2002;9:367.
  • Drummond A. No room at the inn: overcrowding in Ontario's emergency departments Can J Emerg Med 2002;4:9197.
  • Fernandes C. Emergency department overcrowding: what is our response to the “new normal?” Acad Emerg Med 2003;10:10961097.
  • Green LV, Soares J, Giglio JF Green RA. Using queueing theory to increase the effectiveness of emergency department staffing Acad Emerg Med 2006;13:6168.
  • Kellerman AL. D'eja vu Ann Emerg Med 2000;35:8385.
  • Forster A, Stiell I, Wells G, Lee A, Van Walraven C. The effect of hospital occupancy on emergency department length of stay and patient disposition Acad Emerg Med 2003;10:127133.
  • Litvak E, McManus M, Cooper A. Root Cause Analysis of Emergency Department Crowding and Ambulance Diversion in Massachusetts. A report submitted by the Boston University Program for the Management of Variability in Health care Delivery under a grant from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Oct 2002. Available at: http://www.mass.gov/Eeohhs2/docs/dph/quality/healthcare/ad_emergency_dept_analysis.doc. Accessed, Nov 11, 2006.
  • Fatovich DM, Hirsch RL. Entry overload, emergency department overcrowding, and ambulance bypass. Available at: http://www.bmjjournals.com. Accessed Feb 28, 2006.
  • Burt CW, McCaig LF, Valverde RH. Analysis of ambulance transports and diversions among US emergency departments Ann Emerg Med 2006;47:317326.
  • Schull MJ, Lazier K, Vermeulen M, Mawhinney S, Morrison L, Asplin BR. Emergency department contributors to ambulance diversion; a quantitative analysis Ann Emerg Med 2003;41:467476.
  • Hobbs D, Kunzman S, Tandberg D Sklar D. Hospital factors associated with emergency center patients leaving without being seen Am J Emerg Med 2000;18:767772.
  • Fernandes C, Price A, Christenson J. Does reduced LOS decrease the number of ED patients who leave without seeing a physician? J Emerg Med 1997;15:397399.
  • Rathlev NK, Chessome J, Olshaker J, et al. Effect of the elective surgical schedule on daily emergency department throughput time Ann Emerg Med 2004;44(Suppl 1):S29.
  • Bagust A, Place M, Posnett J. Dynamics of bed use in accommodating emergency admissions: stochastic simulation model BMJ 1999;319:155158.
  • Derlet R, Richards J, Kravitz RL. Frequent overcrowding in US emergency departments Acad Emerg Med 2001;8:151155.
  • Finkler S. The distinction between costs and charges Ann Intern Med 1982;96:102109.
  • Wessels WJ. Chapter 1: What is economics all about. Economics, 3rd ed. Hauppauge : NY, 2000 pp 34.
  • Williams R. Ambulance diversion: economic and policy considerations Ann Emerg Med 2006;48:711712.
  • Bamezai A, Melnick G, Nawathe A. The cost of an emergency department visit and its relationship to emergency department volume Ann Emerg Med 2005;45:483490.