Commentary

You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article

On Lumpers and Splitters: The FRAX Debate Continues

  1. William D. Leslie1,†,*,
  2. Didier Hans2

Article first published online: 28 SEP 2009

DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.090902

Issue

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

Volume 24, Issue 11, pages 1789–1792, November 2009

Additional Information

How to Cite

Leslie, W. D. and Hans, D. (2009), On Lumpers and Splitters: The FRAX Debate Continues. J Bone Miner Res, 24: 1789–1792. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.090902

Author Information

  1. 1

    Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

  2. 2

    Center of Bone Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

  1. †

    Dr. Leslie receives honoraria or speaker's fees from Merck Frosst Canada, Sanofi-Aventis, and Genzyme Canada Ltd., research support from Merck Frosst Canada, and unrestricted educational grants from Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada, and Amgen, Canada. Dr. Hans receives honoraria from Perceptive Informatics and Cardea Technology and research support from Hologic, Med-imaps, GE Healthcare, and DAL Foundation. He has stock options or a patent relationship with Synarc, Ascendys, and Med-Imaps.

*William D. Leslie, MD, FRCPC, MSc, Department of Medicine (C5121), 409 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 4 DEC 2009
  2. Article first published online: 28 SEP 2009

SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

ARTICLE TOOLS

View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (433K)

REFERENCES

  • 1
    Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, Borgstrom F, Strom O, McCloskey E 2009 FRAX and its applications to clinical practice. Bone 44 : 734–743.
  • 2
    Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, Jonsson B, De Laet C, Dawson A 2001 The burden of osteoporotic fractures: A method for setting intervention thresholds. Osteoporos Int 12 : 417–427.
  • 3
    Kanis JA, Borgstrom F, De Laet C, Johansson H, Johnell O, Jonsson B, Oden A, Zethraeus N, Pfleger B, Khaltaev N 2005 Assessment of fracture risk. Osteoporos Int 16 : 581–589.
  • 4
    Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Johansson H, McCloskey E 2008 FRAX and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporos Int 19 : 385–397.
  • 5
    Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, Johansson H, De Laet C, Brown J, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Christiansen C, Cummings S, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Gluer C, Goltzman D, Hans D, Krieg MA, La Croix A, McCloskey E, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ III, Pols H, Reeve J, Sanders K, Schott AM, Silman A, Torgerson D, van Staa T, Watts NB, Yoshimura N 2007 The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women. Osteoporos Int 18 : 1033–1046.
  • 6
    Moons KG, Altman DG, Vergouwe Y, Royston P 2009 Prognosis and prognostic research: Application and impact of prognostic models in clinical practice. BMJ 338 : 1487–1490.
  • 7
    Altman DG, Vergouwe Y, Royston P, Moons KG 2009 Prognosis and prognostic research: Validating a prognostic model. BMJ 338 : 1432–1435.
  • 8
    Royston P, Moons KG, Altman DG, Vergouwe Y 2009 Prognosis and prognostic research: Developing a prognostic model. BMJ 338 : 1373–1377.
  • 9
    Moons KG, Royston P, Vergouwe Y, Grobbee DE, Altman DG 2009 Prognosis and prognostic research: What, why, and how ? BMJ 338 : 1317–1320.
  • 10
    Steyerberg EW 2008 Clinical Prediction Models: A Practical Approach to Development, Validation, and Updating. Springer, New York, NY, USA.
  • 11
    Donaldson M, Palermo L, Schousboe JT, Ensrud K, Hochberg MC, Cummings SR 2009 FRAX and risk of vertebral fractures: The Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT). J Bone Miner Res 24 : 000–000.
    Direct Link:
  • 12
    Chen P, Krege JH, Adachi JD, Prior JC, Tenenhouse A, Brown JP, Papadimitropoulos E, Kreiger N, Olszynski WP, Josse RG, Goltzman D 2009 Vertebral fracture status and the World Health Organization risk factors for predicting osteoporotic fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res 24 : 495–502.
    Direct Link:
  • 13
    Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Sembo I, Redlund-Johnell I, Dawson A, De Laet C, Jonsson B 2000 Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmo. Osteoporos Int 11 : 669–674.
  • 14
    Chen Z, Kooperberg C, Pettinger MB, Bassford T, Cauley JA, LaCroix AZ, Lewis CE, Kipersztok S, Borne C, Jackson RD 2004 Validity of self-report for fractures among a multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trials. Menopause 11 : 264–274.
  • 15
    Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C, Johansson H, Oden A, Delmas P, Eisman J, Fujiwara S, Garnero P, Kroger H, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A 2004 A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone 35 : 375–382.
  • 16
    Ross PD, Davis JW, Epstein RS, Wasnich RD 1991 Pre-existing fractures and bone mass predict vertebral fracture incidence in women. Ann Intern Med 114 : 919–923.
  • 17
    Collins GS, Altman DG 2009 An independent external validation and evaluation of QRISK cardiovascular risk prediction: A prospective open cohort study. BMJ 339 : b2584.
  • 18
    Jackson R, Marshall R, Kerr A, Riddell T, Wells S 2009 QRISK or Framingham for predicting cardiovascular risk ? BMJ 339 : b2673.
  • 19
    MacLean C, Newberry S, Maglione M, McMahon M, Ranganath V, Suttorp M, Mojica W, Timmer M, Alexander A, McNamara M, Desai SB, Zhou A, Chen S, Carter J, Tringale C, Valentine D, Johnsen B, Grossman J 2008 Systematic review: Comparative effectiveness of treatments to prevent fractures in men and women with low bone density or osteoporosis. Ann Intern Med 148 : 197–213.
  • 20
    Wells GA, Cranney A, Peterson J, Boucher M, Shea B, Robinson V, Coyle D, Tugwell P 2008 Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001155.
  • 21
    Wells G, Cranney A, Peterson J, Boucher M, Shea B, Robinson V, Coyle D, Tugwell P 2008 Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD004523.
  • 22
    Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H 1996 Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ 312 : 1254–1259.
  • 23
    McKusick VA 1969 On lumpers and splitters, or the nosology of genetic disease. Perspect Biol Med 12 : 298–312.
View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (433K)