Hereditas Wiley Online Library : Hereditashttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1111%2F%28ISSN%291601-5223John Wiley & Sons, Incen© Mendelian Society of Lund0018-06611601-52232013-02-01T00:00:00-05:00February 20131501116Acetyl-L-carnitine suppresses thyroid hormone-induced and spontaneous anuran tadpole tail shorteninghttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1111%2Fj.1601-5223.2013.02284.xAcetyl-L-carnitine suppresses thyroid hormone-induced and spontaneous anuran tadpole tail shorteningHideki Hanada, Hirotsugu Kobuchi, Masanao Yamamoto, Keiko Kashiwagi, Kenjiro Katsu, Toshihiko Utsumi, Akihiko Kashiwagi, Junzo Sasaki, Masayasu Inoue, Kozo Utsumi2013-02-20T05:53:22.640447-05:00doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.2013.02284.xJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.10.1111/j.1601-5223.2013.02284.xhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1111%2Fj.1601-5223.2013.02284.x19

Mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT) plays a crucial role in apoptotic tail shortening during anuran metamor phosis. L-carnitine is known to shuttle free fatty acids (FFAs) from the cytosol into mitochondria matrix for β-oxidation and energy production, and in a previous study we found that treatment with L-carnitine suppresses 3, 3’, 5-triiodothyronine (T3) and FFA-induced MPT by reducing the level of FFAs. In the present study we focus on acetyl-L-carnitine, which is also involved in fatty acid oxidation, to determine its effect on T3-induced tail regression in Rana rugosa tadpoles and spontaneous tail regression in Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

The ladder-like DNA profile and increases in caspase-3 and caspase-9 indicative of apoptosis in the tails of T3-treated tadpoles were found to be suppressed by the addition of acetyl-L-carnitine. Likewise, acetyl-L-carnitine was found to inhibit thyroid hormone regulated spontaneous metamorphosis in X. laevis tadpoles, accompanied by decreases in caspase and phospholipase A2 activity, as well as non-ladder-like DNA profiles.

These findings support our previous conclusion that elevated levels of FFAs initiate MPT and activate the signaling pathway controlling apoptotic cell death in tadpole tails during anuran metamorphosis.

]]> Mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT) plays a crucial role in apoptotic tail shortening during anuran metamor phosis. L-carnitine is known to shuttle free fatty acids (FFAs) from the cytosol into mitochondria matrix for β-oxidation and energy production, and in a previous study we found that treatment with L-carnitine suppresses 3, 3’, 5-triiodothyronine (T3) and FFA-induced MPT by reducing the level of FFAs. In the present study we focus on acetyl-L-carnitine, which is also involved in fatty acid oxidation, to determine its effect on T3-induced tail regression in Rana rugosa tadpoles and spontaneous tail regression in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. The ladder-like DNA profile and increases in caspase-3 and caspase-9 indicative of apoptosis in the tails of T3-treated tadpoles were found to be suppressed by the addition of acetyl-L-carnitine. Likewise, acetyl-L-carnitine was found to inhibit thyroid hormone regulated spontaneous metamorphosis in X. laevis tadpoles, accompanied by decreases in caspase and phospholipase A2 activity, as well as non-ladder-like DNA profiles. These findings support our previous conclusion that elevated levels of FFAs initiate MPT and activate the signaling pathway controlling apoptotic cell death in tadpole tails during anuran metamorphosis. Molecular cytological characterization of two novel durum –Thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploids with resistance to leaf rust, stem rust and Fusarium head blighthttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1111%2Fj.1601-5223.2012.02262.xMolecular cytological characterization of two novel durum –Thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploids with resistance to leaf rust, stem rust and Fusarium head blightJ. Zeng, W. Cao, G. Fedak, S. Sun, B. Mccallum, T. Fetch, A. Xue, Y. Zhou2013-02-21T13:14:35.284988-05:00doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.2012.02262.xJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.10.1111/j.1601-5223.2012.02262.xhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1111%2Fj.1601-5223.2012.02262.x1016

Thinopyrum intermedium, a wild relative of wheat, is an excellent source of disease resistance. Two novel partial amphiploids, 08-47-50 and 08-53-55 (2n = 6x = 42), were developed from wide crosses between durum wheat and Th. intermedium. Meiotic analysis showed that pollen mother cells of the two partial amphiploids formed an average 20.49 bivalents for 08-47-50 and 20.67 bivalents for 08-53-55, indicating that they are basically cytologically stable. GISH analysis revealed that the two partial amphiploids carried different chromosome compositions. 08-47-50 had fourteen chromosomes from Th. intermedium and its alien chromosomes included six St-, four Ee- and four Ee-St translocated chromosomes, whereas 08-53-55 had four St- and ten Ee-St translocated chromosomes. Fungal disease evaluation indicated that both partial amphiploids had a high level of resistance to FHB, leaf rust and stem rust race Ug99. These two novel partial amphiploids with multiple disease resistance could be used as a new source of multiple disease resistance in bread wheat and durum wheat breeding programs.

]]> Thinopyrum intermedium, a wild relative of wheat, is an excellent source of disease resistance. Two novel partial amphiploids, 08-47-50 and 08-53-55 (2n = 6x = 42), were developed from wide crosses between durum wheat and Th. intermedium. Meiotic analysis showed that pollen mother cells of the two partial amphiploids formed an average 20.49 bivalents for 08-47-50 and 20.67 bivalents for 08-53-55, indicating that they are basically cytologically stable. GISH analysis revealed that the two partial amphiploids carried different chromosome compositions. 08-47-50 had fourteen chromosomes from Th. intermedium and its alien chromosomes included six St-, four Ee- and four Ee-St translocated chromosomes, whereas 08-53-55 had four St- and ten Ee-St translocated chromosomes. Fungal disease evaluation indicated that both partial amphiploids had a high level of resistance to FHB, leaf rust and stem rust race Ug99. These two novel partial amphiploids with multiple disease resistance could be used as a new source of multiple disease resistance in bread wheat and durum wheat breeding programs.