Volume 103, Issue 9 p. 2998-3011
Original Article

Evaluation of nanostructure and microstructure of bone regenerated by BMP-2-porous scaffolds

Carlos Del Rosario,

Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200, Spain

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Maria Rodríguez-Evora,

Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200, Spain

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Ricardo Reyes,

Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200, Spain

Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, 38200, Spain

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Alejandro González-Orive,

Department of Physico-Chemistry, Institute of Materials and Nanotechnology, University of La Laguna, 38200, Spain

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Alberto Hernández-Creus,

Department of Physico-Chemistry, Institute of Materials and Nanotechnology, University of La Laguna, 38200, Spain

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Kevin M Shakesheff,

Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom

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Lisa J White,

Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom

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Araceli Delgado,

Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200, Spain

Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, 38200, Spain

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Carmen Evora,

Corresponding Author

Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, 38200, Spain

Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, 38200, Spain

Correspondence to: C. Évora; e-mail: cevora@ull.esSearch for more papers by this author
First published: 17 February 2015
Citations: 9

Conflict of interest: No benefit of any kind will be received either directly or indirectly by the authors

Abstract

In this study, three systems containing BMP-2 were fabricated, including two electrospun sandwich-like-systems of PLGA 75:25 and PLGA 50:50 and a microsphere system of PLGA 50:50 to be implanted in a critical size defect in rat calvaria. The in vivo BMP-2 release profiles of the three systems were similar. The total dose was released during the first two weeks. To evaluate the nano and microstructure of the regenerated bone a multi-technique analysis was used, including stereo microscope, X-Ray; AFM, micro-CT, and histological analyses. The progression of bone regeneration was followed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the microsphere system implantation whereas the two electrospun systems were evaluated at fixed 12 weeks. All the techniques applied showed high bone regeneration. The average values of bone volume density, bone mineral density, Young's modulus, and the percent of bone repair were ∼70% of the values of the native bone. Besides, SEM-EDX analysis indicated that the main chemical elements in the new bone were oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus in a ratio similar to that of native bone. In comparison, the micro-CT may provide an alternative to histology for the evaluation of bone formation at the defect size. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2998–3011, 2015.

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