Abstract
Lead poisoning existed and was already known in Antiquity but was forgotten, at least in the literature, until the end of the Middle Ages, where it was mentioned sporadically. In the 19th century this disease, which reached epidemic dimensions during the period of industrialization, was “rediscovered.” Several comprehensive clinical articles appeared in the literature. The clinical picture deepened during the beginning of the 20th century, and preventive efforts were started. However, the concept of poisoning remained strictly clinical. During the latter half of the 20th century a new concept emerged: subclinical and early forms became recognized as undesirable effects. This led to a substantial lowering of hygienic standards. Pediatric poisoning has also been a serious problem during the 20th century. After the 1920s, environmental pollution by lead caused by the introduction of tetraethyl lead in gasoline became an alarming public health problem. The use became restricted in the 1980s; its effects on blood lead levels are now evident. Today's research focuses on the effects of low exposure, often with the aim of defining noneffect levels for different types of effects. Am. J. Ind. Med. 38:244–254, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Number of times cited: 99
- Henryk Górecki and Katarzyna Chojnacka, Historical Aspects, Recent Advances in Trace Elements, (11-32), (2018).
- Marcos Maynar-Mariño, Francisco Llerena, Ignacio Bartolomé, Carmen Crespo, Diego Muñoz, María-Concepción Robles and María-Jesús Caballero, Effect of long-term aerobic, anaerobic and aerobic-anaerobic physical training in seric toxic minerals concentrations, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 45, (136), (2018).
- Barbara Feist and Rafal Sitko, Method for the determination of Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn and Fe in rice samples using carbon nanotubes and cationic complexes of batophenanthroline, Food Chemistry, 249, (38), (2018).
- Sergey A. Adonin, Lyubov A. Frolova, Maxim N. Sokolov, Gennady V. Shilov, Denis V. Korchagin, Vladimir P. Fedin, Sergey M. Aldoshin, Keith J. Stevenson and Pavel A. Troshin, Antimony (V) Complex Halides: Lead‐Free Perovskite‐Like Materials for Hybrid Solar Cells, Advanced Energy Materials, 8, 6, (2017).
- Palesa Nkomo, Nisha Naicker, Angela Mathee, Jacky Galpin, Linda M. Richter and Shane A. Norris, The association between environmental lead exposure with aggressive behavior, and dimensionality of direct and indirect aggression during mid-adolescence: Birth to Twenty Plus cohort, Science of The Total Environment, 612, (472), (2018).
- Chen Tao, Chunsheng Li, Yingchao Li, Hongxia Wang, Yaru Zhang, Zhiheng Zhou, Xuefei Mao, Zhenyu Ma and Di Tian, A UV digital micromirror spectrometer for dispersive AFS: spectral interference in simultaneous determination of Se and Pb, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 10.1039/C8JA00230D, (2018).
- Abhay Kumar and Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad, Plant-lead interactions: Transport, toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification mechanisms, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.113, 166, (401-418), (2018).
- Jack Longman, Daniel Veres, Walter Finsinger and Vasile Ersek, Exceptionally high levels of lead pollution in the Balkans from the Early Bronze Age to the Industrial Revolution, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.1073/pnas.1721546115, 115, 25, (E5661-E5668), (2018).
- K. L. Giffin, T. Swanston, I. Coulthard, A. R. Murphy, D. M. L. Cooper and T. L. Varney, Skeletal Lead Burden of the British Royal Navy in Colonial Antigua, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 27, 4, (672-682), (2017).
- Tina Van Rossem, Patrick Deboosere and Isabelle Devos, Death at work? Mortality and industrial employment in Belgian cities at the turn of the twentieth century, Explorations in Economic History, 66, (44), (2017).
- Matthew Sadler and Sarah Bell, Ayurvedic plumbism, Internal Medicine Journal, 47, 7, (823-825), (2017).
- Mário Mil-Homens, Carlos Vale, Pedro Brito, Filipa Naughton, Teresa Drago, Joana Raimundo, Bárbara Anes, Sabine Schmidt and Miguel Caetano, Insights of Pb isotopic signature into the historical evolution and sources of Pb contamination in a sediment core of the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf, Science of The Total Environment, 586, (473), (2017).
- Ab Latif Wani, Ajaz Ahmad, G. G. H. A. Shadab and Jawed Ahmad Usmani, Possible role of zinc in diminishing lead-related occupational stress—a zinc nutrition concern, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 9, (8682), (2017).
- Liyang Shao, Lianjun Zhang and Zhen Zhen, Exploring spatially varying relationships between children's lead poisoning and environmental factors, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1404, 1, (49-60), (2017).
- Alexander F. More, Nicole E. Spaulding, Pascal Bohleber, Michael J. Handley, Helene Hoffmann, Elena V. Korotkikh, Andrei V. Kurbatov, Christopher P. Loveluck, Sharon B. Sneed, Michael McCormick and Paul A. Mayewski, Next‐generation ice core technology reveals true minimum natural levels of lead (Pb) in the atmosphere: Insights from the Black Death, GeoHealth, 1, 4, (211-219), (2017).
- Samuel Caito and Michael Aschner, Developmental Neurotoxicity of Lead, Neurotoxicity of Metals, 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_1, (3-12), (2017).
- Anthony T. Zimmer and HakSoo Ha, People, planet and profit: Unintended consequences of legacy building materials, Journal of Environmental Management, 204, (472), (2017).
- Chi-Jung Chung, Chao-Hsiang Chang, Saou-Hsing Liou, Chiu-Shong Liu, Huei-Ju Liu, Li-Ching Hsu, Jhih-Sheng Chen and Hui-Ling Lee, Relationships among DNA hypomethylation, Cd, and Pb exposure and risk of cigarette smoking-related urothelial carcinoma, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 316, (107), (2017).
- Elizabeth K. Peterson, David B. Buchwalter, Jacob L. Kerby, Matthew K. LeFauve, Claire W. Varian-Ramos and John P. Swaddle, Integrative behavioral ecotoxicology: bringing together fields to establish new insight to behavioral ecology, toxicology, and conservation, Current Zoology, 10.1093/cz/zox010, 63, 2, (185-194), (2017).
- Antonio Cristaldi, Gea Oliveri Conti, Eun Hea Jho, Pietro Zuccarello, Alfina Grasso, Chiara Copat and Margherita Ferrante, Phytoremediation of contaminated soils by heavy metals and PAHs. A brief review, Environmental Technology & Innovation, 8, (309), (2017).
- O.E. Awe and O.M. Oshakuade, Theoretical prediction of thermodynamic activities of liquid Au-Sn-X (X=Bi, Sb, Zn) solder systems, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 507, (84), (2017).
- Longbin Qiu, Luis K. Ono and Yabing Qi, Advances and challenges to the commercialization of organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cell technology, Materials Today Energy, 10.1016/j.mtener.2017.09.008, (2017).
- E. Sguazza, D. Gibelli, M. Caligara, D. Di Candia, P. M. Galimberti and C. Cattaneo, The Role of Toxicological Analyses in Anthropology: A Case Report on Lead Intoxication, Archaeometry, 58, 1, (152-158), (2015).
- Isilda Rodrigues, Joana Torres and Paulo Favas, Geomedicine and History of Science: A Contribution to Scientific Culture, Geoscience Education, 10.1007/978-3-319-43319-6_12, (207-223), (2016).
- A. A. Pastorelli, L. Campanella, A. Coppa and P. Stacchini, Exposure to Cadmium and Lead in an Agropastoral Iron Age Population, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 26, 1, (132-140), (2014).
- William Shotyk, Peter G. Appleby, Beatriz Bicalho, Lauren Davies, Duane Froese, Iain Grant‐Weaver, Michael Krachler, Gabriel Magnan, Gillian Mullan‐Boudreau, Tommy Noernberg, Rick Pelletier, Bob Shannon, Simon Bellen and Claudio Zaccone, Peat bogs in northern Alberta, Canada reveal decades of declining atmospheric Pb contamination, Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 18, (9964-9974), (2016).
- Miguel Angel Salas-Luevano and Hector Rene Vega-Carrillo, Environmental impact in a rural community due to a lead recycling plant in Zacatecas, Mexico, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 5, (2016).
- Rina Rani Ray, Haemotoxic Effect of Lead: A Review, Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 10.1007/s12595-015-0160-9, 69, 2, (161-172), (2015).
- Gunita Zariſa, Sabrina B. Sholts, Alina Tichinin, Vita Rudovica, Arturs Vīksna, Austra Engīzere, Vitolds Muižnieks, Eric J. Bartelink and Sebastian K.T.S. Wärmländer, Cribra orbitalia as a potential indicator of childhood stress: Evidence from paleopathology, stable C, N, and O isotopes, and trace element concentrations in children from a 17 th 18 th century cemetery in JĿkabpils, Latvia, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.05.008, 38, (131-137), (2016).
- E. Goretti, M. Pallottini, M.I. Ricciarini, R. Selvaggi and D. Cappelletti, Heavy metals bioaccumulation in selected tissues of red swamp crayfish: An easy tool for monitoring environmental contamination levels, Science of The Total Environment, 559, (339), (2016).
- Dominique Weis, Lead, Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, 10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_292-1, (1-3), (2016).
- T. Pinheiro, S.M. Almeida, P.M. Félix, C. Franco, S.M. Garcia, C. Lopes and A. Bugalho de Almeida, Air Quality in Metal Industries, The Quality of Air, 10.1016/bs.coac.2016.03.014, (731-764), (2016).
- Jennie R. Christensen, Joyce M. McBeth, Nicole J. Sylvain, Jody Spence and Hing Man Chan, Hartnell's time machine: 170-year-old nails reveal severe zinc deficiency played a greater role than lead in the demise of the Franklin Expedition, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.11.042, (2016).
- Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde, Adebowale Bernard Saba, Blessing Seun Ogunpolu and Oluwabusola Daramola, Lack of reversal of oxidative damage in renal tissues of lead acetate‐treated rats, Environmental Toxicology, 30, 11, (1235-1243), (2014).
- Nicole M. Roy, Sarah DeWolf and Bruno Carneiro, Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of lead in the Danio rerio body, Aquatic Toxicology, 158, (138), (2015).
- Matin Naghizadeh, Mohammad Ali Taher, Mansoureh Behzadi and Firouzeh Hassani Moghaddam, Simultaneous preconcentration of bismuth and lead ions on modified magnetic core–shell nanoparticles and their determination by ETAAS, Chemical Engineering Journal, 281, (444), (2015).
- David Kenny, Young-Jun Kim, Hansoo Lee and Richard Reading, Blood lead levels for Eurasian black vultures (Aegypius monachus) migrating between Mongolia and the Republic of Korea, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 8, 3, (199), (2015).
- Philip j. Landrigan, Roberto G. Lucchini, David Kotelchuck and Philippe Grandjean, Principles for Prevention of the Toxic Effects of Metals, Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, 10.1016/B978-0-444-59453-2.00024-X, (507-528), (2015).
- Samuel Caito and Michael Aschner, Neurotoxicity of metals, Occupational Neurology, 10.1016/B978-0-444-62627-1.00011-1, (169-189), (2015).
- P Landrigan and A Garg, Children Are Not Little Adults: (Excerpt from Children’s Health and the Environment: A Global Perspective), Everyday Environmental Toxins, 10.1201/b18221-3, (3-21), (2015).
- Gregory Lusby, Cynthia Hall and James Reiners, Lead Contamination of Surface Soils in Philadelphia from Lead Smelters and Urbanization, Environmental Justice, 8, 1, (6), (2015).
- Y. Amarnath Reddy, M. Chalamaiah, B. Ramesh, G. Balaji and P. Indira, Ameliorating activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract against lead induced renal toxicity in male rats, Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51, 5, (908), (2014).
- Theodore H. Tulchinsky and Elena A. Varavikova, Environmental and Occupational Health, The New Public Health, 10.1016/B978-0-12-415766-8.00009-4, (471-533), (2014).
- Surajit Das, Ritu Raj, Neelam Mangwani, Hirak R. Dash and Jaya Chakraborty, Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons, Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation, 10.1016/B978-0-12-800021-2.00002-9, (23-54), (2014).
- Tao Li, Yao-Hua Dai, Xiao-Hua Xie, Zang-Wen Tan, Shuai-Ming Zhang and Zong-Han Zhu, Surveillance of childhood blood lead levels in 11 cities of China, World Journal of Pediatrics, 10, 1, (29), (2014).
- Katsuaki SUGANUMA, History of Soldering, The Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, 134, 8, (564), (2014).
- Mohie Haridy, Zeinab Al-Amgad, Hiroki Sakai and Mouchira Mohi-Eldin, Ameliorating effects of garlic, calcium, and vitamin C on chronic lead toxicity in albino rats, Comparative Clinical Pathology, 23, 5, (1215), (2014).
- Susan M. Haig, Jesse D'Elia, Collin Eagles-Smith, Jeanne M. Fair, Jennifer Gervais, Garth Herring, James W. Rivers and John H. Schulz, The persistent problem of lead poisoning in birds from ammunition and fishing tackle, The Condor, 10.1650/CONDOR-14-36.1, 116, 3, (408-428), (2014).
- Faridah H. Were, M. Charles Moturi, P. Gottesfeld, Godfrey A. Wafula, Geoffrey N. Kamau and Paul M. Shiundu, Lead Exposure and Blood Pressure among Workers in Diverse Industrial Plants in Kenya, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 11, 11, (706), (2014).
- Rosa M. Peña Crecente, Carlha Gutiérrez Lovera, Julia Barciela García, Jennifer Álvarez Méndez, Sagrario García Martín and Carlos Herrero Latorre, Multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a sorbent material for the solid phase extraction of lead from urine and subsequent determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 101, (15), (2014).
- Josher Molendijk, Courtney Pendleton, Martin Rachwalski, Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa and Amir H. Dorafshar, Harvey Cushing's Contributions to Plastic Surgery: Bilateral Cleft Lip Repair, The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 10.1597/12-249, 51, 1, (105-109), (2014).
- Sam R. Dalvi and Michael H. Pillinger, Saturnine Gout, Redux: A Review, The American Journal of Medicine, 126, 5, (450.e1), (2013).
- Saeed Samarghandian, Abasalt Borji, Reza Afshari, Mohammad Bagher Delkhosh and Ali gholami, The effect of lead acetate on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 23, 6, (432), (2013).
- Alan H. Goodman, Bringing Culture into Human Biology and Biology Back into Anthropology, American Anthropologist, 115, 3, (359-373), (2013).
- Rachel Washburn, The Social Significance of Human Biomonitoring, Sociology Compass, 7, 2, (162-179), (2013).
- Saikat Dewanjee, Ranabir Sahu, Sarmila Karmakar and Moumita Gangopadhyay, Toxic effects of lead exposure in Wistar rats: Involvement of oxidative stress and the beneficial role of edible jute (Corchorus olitorius) leaves, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55, (78), (2013).
- Joel Tuakuila, Dominique Lison, Francois Mbuyi, Vincent Haufroid and Perrine Hoet, Elevated blood lead levels and sources of exposure in the population of Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 23, 1, (81), (2013).
- Julio Montes-Santiago, The lead-poisoned genius, The Fine Arts, Neurology, and Neuroscience - Neuro-Historical Dimensions, 10.1016/B978-0-444-62730-8.00009-8, (223-240), (2013).
- H. Guillemain, M. Rajarajan, Y.-C. Lin, C.-T. Chen, T. Sun and K.T.V. Grattan, Feasibility studies using thin sol–gel films doped with a novel lead-selective fluorophore for optical fibre sensing applications, Measurement, 46, 8, (2971), (2013).
- Echeverría-García Adán and Gold-Bouchot Gerardo, Lead Concentrations in Sediments and Blue-Winged Teals (Anas discors) From El Palmar State Reserve, Yucatan, Mexico, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 65, 3, (588), (2013).
- Esfandiar Heidarian and Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei, Protective effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract against lead toxicity in rat, Pharmaceutical Biology, 51, 9, (1104), (2013).
- Hao-Wen Li, Jia-Gang Deng, Zheng-Cai Du, Mao-Sheng Yan, Zhi-Xiang Long, Phuong-Thao Pham Thi and Ke-Di Yang, Protective Effects of Mangiferin in Subchronic Developmental Lead-Exposed Rats, Biological Trace Element Research, 10.1007/s12011-013-9610-2, 152, 2, (233-242), (2013).
- E. Chuang, C. Ng and J. Ehrlich, Visual Diagnosis: Girl With Sickle Cell Disease, Abdominal Pain, and Elevated Blood Pressure ... A Missed Opportunity, Pediatrics in Review, 34, 9, (e31), (2013).
- Miriam Rotkin-Ellman and Gina Solomon, FDA Risk Assessment of Seafood Contamination after the BP Oil Spill: Rotkin-Ellman and Solomon Respond, Environmental Health Perspectives, 120, 2, (a55), (2012).
- Vinodinee Dissanayake and Timothy B. Erickson, Ball and chain: The global burden of lead poisoning, Clinical Toxicology, 50, 6, (528), (2012).
- Hanbing Zhang, Zhangfa Tong, Tengyou Wei and Yankui Tang, Sorption characteristics of Pb(II) on alkaline Ca-bentonite, Applied Clay Science, 65-66, (21), (2012).
- Klaus Roth and Erich Lück, Kalorienfreie Süße aus Labor und Natur, Chemie in unserer Zeit, 46, 3, (168-192), (2012).
- Michele Augusto Riva, Alessandra Lafranconi, Marco Italo D’orso and Giancarlo Cesana, Lead Poisoning: Historical Aspects of a Paradigmatic “Occupational and Environmental Disease”, Safety and Health at Work, 3, 1, (11), (2012).
- Sina Kianoush, Mahdi Balali‐Mood, Seyed Reza Mousavi, Valiollah Moradi, Mahmoud Sadeghi, Bita Dadpour, Omid Rajabi and Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Comparison of Therapeutic Effects of Garlic and d‐Penicillamine in Patients with Chronic Occupational Lead Poisoning, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 110, 5, (476-481), (2011).
- Faridah H. Were, Geoffrey N. Kamau, Paul M. Shiundu, Godfrey A. Wafula and Charles M. Moturi, Air and Blood Lead Levels in Lead Acid Battery Recycling and Manufacturing Plants in Kenya, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 9, 5, (340), (2012).
- Diana Guimarães, Maria Luísa Carvalho, Vera Geraldes, Isabel Rocha, Luís Cerqueira Alves and José Paulo Santos, Lead in liver and kidney of exposed rats: Aging accumulation study, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 26, 4, (285), (2012).
- Sebastian K.T.S. Wärmländer, Sabrina B. Sholts, Jon M. Erlandson, Thor Gjerdrum and Roger Westerholm, Could the Health Decline of Prehistoric California Indians be Related to Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Natural Bitumen?, Environmental Health Perspectives, 119, 9, (1203), (2011).
- Martin Loef, Luisa Fernanda Mendoza and Harald Walach, Lead (Pb) and the Risk of Alzheimer’s disease or cognitive decline: A systematic review, Toxin Reviews, 10.3109/15569543.2011.624664, 30, 4, (103-114), (2011).
- Nisha Naicker, Shane A. Norris, Angela Mathee, Yasmin E. von Schirnding and Linda Richter, Prenatal and adolescent blood lead levels in South Africa: Child, maternal and household risk factors in the Birth to Twenty cohort, Environmental Research, 110, 4, (355), (2010).
- Pergentino Balbuena, Wen Li, Geraldine Magnin-Bissel, J. Blair Meldrum and Marion Ehrich, Comparison of Two Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro Systems: Cytotoxicity and Transfer Assessments of Malathion/Oxon and Lead Acetate, Toxicological Sciences, 114, 2, (260), (2010).
- Gamil M. Abdallah, El-Sayed M. El-Sayed and Osama M. Abo-Salem, Effect of lead toxicity on coenzyme Q levels in rat tissues, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 6, (1753), (2010).
- Marie‐Céline van Severen, Christophe Gourlaouen and Olivier Parisel, Application of the topological analysis of the electronic localization function to archetypical [Pb(II)L]p complexes: The bonding of Pb2+ revisited, Journal of Computational Chemistry, 31, 1, (185-194), (2009).
- Julia García-Lestón, Josefina Méndez, Eduardo Pásaro and Blanca Laffon, Genotoxic effects of lead: An updated review, Environment International, 36, 6, (623), (2010).
- Alexandre F. Cristante, Fabiano I. de Souza, Tarcisio E. P. Barros Filho, Reginaldo P. Oliveira and Raphael M. Marcon, Lead Poisoning by Intradiscal Firearm Bullet, Spine, 35, 4, (E140), (2010).
- Roberto Lucchini and Neil Zimmerman, Lifetime cumulative exposure as a threat for neurodegeneration: Need for prevention strategies on a global scale, NeuroToxicology, 30, 6, (1144), (2009).
- Fernando Barbosa, Myriam Fillion, Mélanie Lemire, Carlos José Sousa Passos, Jairo Lisboa Rodrigues, Aline Philibert, Jean-Rémy Guimarães and Donna Mergler, Elevated blood lead levels in a riverside population in the Brazilian Amazon, Environmental Research, 109, 5, (594), (2009).
- AL Jones, Emerging aspects of assessing lead poisoning in childhood, Emerging Health Threats Journal, 2, 1, (7080), (2009).
- Aryapu Raviraja, Gaja Babu, Anita Bijoor, Geraldine Menezes and Thuppil Venkatesh, Lead Toxicity in a Family as a Result of Occupational Exposure, Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 59, 2, (2008).
- C. Gourlaouen and O. Parisel, Competitive coordination between lead and oligoelements with respect to some therapeutic heavy‐metal chelators, International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, 108, 11, (1888-1897), (2008).
- J.‐P. Piquemal, J. Pilmé, O. Parisel, H. Gérard, I. Fourré, J. Bergès, C. Gourlaouen, A. De La Lande, M.‐C. Van Severen and B. Silvi, What can be learnt on biologically relevant systems from the topological analysis of the electron localization function?, International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, 108, 11, (1951-1969), (2008).
- Christophe Gourlaouen and Olivier Parisel, Is an Electronic Shield at the Molecular Origin of Lead Poisoning? A Computational Modeling Experiment, Angewandte Chemie, 119, 4, (559-562), (2006).
- Christophe Gourlaouen and Olivier Parisel, Is an Electronic Shield at the Molecular Origin of Lead Poisoning? A Computational Modeling Experiment, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46, 4, (553-556), (2006).
- Karuvath Yoosaf, Binil Itty Ipe, Cherumuttathu H. Suresh and K. George Thomas, In Situ Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Selective Naked-Eye Detection of Lead Ions from Aqueous Media, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 10.1021/jp073923q, 111, 34, (12839-12847), (2007).
- PHILIP J. LANDRIGAN, DAVID KOTELCHUCK and PHILIPPE GRANDJEAN, Principles for Prevention of the Toxic Effects of Metals, Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, 10.1016/B978-012369413-3/50071-9, (319-337), (2007).
- Lorenzo Alessio, Marcello Campagna and Roberto Lucchini, From lead to manganese through mercury: Mythology, science, and lessons for prevention, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 50, 11, (779-787), (2007).
- Christophe Gourlaouen, Hélène Gérard and Olivier Parisel, Exploring the Hydration of Pb2+: Ab Initio Studies and First‐Principles Molecular Dynamics, Chemistry – A European Journal, 12, 19, (5024-5032), (2006).
- José S. Casas and José Sordo, An overview of the historical importance, occurrence, isolation, properties and applications of lead, Lead, 10.1016/B978-044452945-9/50001-4, (1-40), (2006).
- Danyal Ibrahim, Blake Froberg, Andrea Wolf and Daniel E. Rusyniak, Heavy Metal Poisoning: Clinical Presentations and Pathophysiology, Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, 26, 1, (67), (2006).
- Kimiko Kawata, Yan Li, Hao Liu, Xiao Qin Zhang and Hiroshi Ushijima, Specific factors for prenatal lead exposure in the border area of China, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 209, 4, (377), (2006).
- Patrycja Krawczyk, Jolanta Walusiak, Bogdan Szulc, Anna Krakowiak, Marta Wiszniewska, Tomasz Wittczak and Cezary Pałczyński, Outbreak of Lead Poisoning in High Voltage Tower Conservators, International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 19, 3, (2006).
- Deborah A. Cory‐Slechta, Interactions of Lead Exposure and Stress: Implications for Cognitive Dysfunction, Neurotoxicity and Developmental Disabilities, 10.1016/S0074-7750(05)30003-6, (87-139), (2005).
- Rachel Albalak, Gary Noonan, Sharunda Buchanan, W.Dana Flanders, Carol Gotway-Crawford, Dennis Kim, Robert L Jones, Rini Sulaiman, Wendy Blumenthal, Regina Tan, Gerald Curtis and Michael A McGeehin, Blood lead levels and risk factors for lead poisoning among children in Jakarta, Indonesia, Science of The Total Environment, 301, 1-3, (75), (2003).
- Sergio Piomelli, Childhood lead poisoning, Pediatric Clinics of North America, 49, 6, (1285), (2002).
- Philip J. Landrigan, Paolo Boffetta and Pietro Apostoli, The reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity of lead: A critical review, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 38, 3, (231-243), (2000).




