Thorium and Thorium Compounds
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
|
1. |
Introduction |
|
2. |
Properties |
|
2.1. |
Physical Properties |
|
2.2. |
Chemical Properties |
|
3. |
Occurrence and Raw Materials |
|
4. |
Production |
|
4.1. |
Concentration |
|
4.1.1. |
Ore Preparation |
|
4.1.2. |
Ore Digestion and Thorium Recovery |
|
4.1.2.1. |
Acid Digestion |
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4.1.2.2. |
Alkaline Digestion |
|
4.2. |
Fine Purification by Solvent Extraction |
|
5. |
Important Compounds |
|
5.1. |
Thorium Oxides |
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5.2. |
Thorium Halides |
|
5.2.1. |
Thorium Tetrafluoride |
|
5.2.2. |
Thorium Tetrachloride |
|
5.2.3. |
Thorium Tetraiodide |
|
5.3. |
Other Compounds |
|
6. |
Production of Pure Thorium Metal |
|
7. |
Metalworking |
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8. |
Intermetallic Compounds and Alloys |
|
8.1. |
Thorium as the Main Component |
|
8.1.1. |
Thorium and Carbon |
|
8.1.2. |
Thorium and Nitrogen |
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8.1.3. |
Thorium and Aluminum |
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8.1.4. |
Corrosion‐Resistant Thorium Alloys |
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8.1.5. |
Thorium Alloys Used in Thorium Production and Nuclear Applications |
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8.2. |
Alloys Containing Low Concentrations of Thorium |
|
9. |
Uses |
|
9.1. |
Nuclear Technology |
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9.2. |
Conventional Applications |
|
9.2.1. |
Illuminants |
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9.2.2. |
Electron Emitters |
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9.2.3. |
Ceramics and Glass |
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9.2.4. |
Catalysts |
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9.2.5. |
Medicine |
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9.2.6. |
The Demand for Thorium |
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10. |
Product Quality and Analytical Methods |
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11. |
Toxicology |
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12. |
Industrial Safety |
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13. |
Environmental Protection |
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14. |
Legal Aspects |
Number of times cited: 1
- Philip Nuss, Matthew J. Eckelman and Paul Jaak Janssen, Life Cycle Assessment of Metals: A Scientific Synthesis, PLoS ONE, 9, 7, (e101298), (2014).
