This chapter briefly reviews the therapeutic potential (not other bioactive potentials) of cyanobacteria with major emphasis on the economics of their industrial‐level production. The majority of the bioactive compounds isolated from cyanobacteria tend to be lipopeptides (66%) with different activities. When taken with or before a potential antigen threat, cyanobacteria may enhance IgA levels to protect against food allergies. This property could be useful in the treatment of diseases involving suppressed immune systems and responses such as allergies, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory conditions. The chapter highlights the areas that are important in the economics for various management scenarios.