Nucleoside Syntheses, XXIII1) On the Mechanism of Nucleoside Synthesis
Abstract
enDuring the silyl‐Hilbert‐Johnson nucleoside synthesis with Friedel‐Crafts catalysts three processes occur simultanously:
- A)
The formation of the electrophilic sugar cation.
- B)
The σ‐complex formation between th silylated base and the Friedel‐Crafts catalyst and finally.
- C)
The reaction of the electrophilic sugar cation with the silylated base to the nucleoside. Mode and rate of σ‐complex formation between the silylated base and the Friedel‐Crafts catalysts were monitored by 13C‐NMR. The probable mechanism of nucleoside synthesis and the factors which influence course and yield of nucleoside synthesis are discussed.
Abstract
deNucleosid‐Synthesen, XXIII1) Über den Mechanismus der Nucleosid‐Synthese
In der Silyl‐Hilbert‐Johnson‐Reaktion geschehen drei Prozesse gleichzeitig:
- A)
Die Bildung des elektrophilen Zucker‐Kations.
- B)
Die σ‐Komplex‐Bildung zwischen der silylierten Base und dem Friedel‐Crafts‐Katalysator.
- C)
Die Reaktion des elektrophilen Zucker‐Kations mit der silylierten Base zum Nucleosid. Art und Geschwindigkeit der σ‐Komplex‐Bildung zwischen der Silylierten Base und den Friedel‐Crafts‐Katalysatoren wurden mit Hilfe der 13C‐NMR verfolgt. Der wahrscheinliche Mechanismus der Nucleosid‐Synthese und die Faktoren, die Verlauf und Ausbeute der Nucleosid‐Synthese beeinflussen, werden diskutiert.
Number of times cited: 205
- Marco Brito-Arias, N-glycosides, Synthesis and Characterization of Glycosides, 10.1007/978-3-319-32310-7_3, (169-213), (2016).
- Erick W. Co and Julian P. Henschke, The Development and Manufacture of Azacitidine, Decitabine, and Cladribine: Stereoselective Ribonucleoside Drug Synthesis Using the Vorbrüggen Glycosylation, Comprehensive Accounts of Pharmaceutical Research and Development: From Discovery to Late-Stage Process Development Volume 2, 10.1021/bk-2016-1240.ch009, (271-321), (2016).
- Rob Clarkson, Zofia Komsta, Benjamin A. Mayes, Adel Moussa, Montserrat Shelbourne, Alistair Stewart, Andrew J. Tyrrell, Laura L. Wallis and Alexander C. Weymouth-Wilson, Synthesis of 2,3-Dideoxy-2-fluoro-2,3-endo-methylene- and 2,3-Dideoxy-2-fluoro-3-C-hydroxymethyl-2,3-endo-methylene-pentofuranoses and Their Use in the Preparation of Conformationally Locked Bicyclic Nucleosides, The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 80, 4, (2198), (2015).
- Soumendra Nath Das, Arpan Chowdhury, Neha Tripathi, Prithwish K. Jana and Sukhendu B Mandal, Exploitation of in Situ Generated Sugar-Based Olefin Keto-Nitrones: Synthesis of Carbocycles, Heterocycles, and Nucleoside Derivatives, The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 10.1021/jo502672x, 80, 2, (1136-1148), (2014).
- Athina Dimopoulou, Stella Manta, Vanessa Parmenopoulou, Nikolaos Kollatos, Ourania Christidou, Virginia V. Triantakonstanti, Dominique Schols and Dimitri Komiotis, An easy microwave-assisted synthesis of C8-alkynyl adenine pyranonucleosides as novel cytotoxic antitumor agents, Frontiers in Chemistry, 3, (2015).
- Tom Lagerwall, Petri Heinonen and Mikko Oivanen, Temperature controlled stereoselectivity in the synthesis of 5-halo-2′-deoxyuridine derivatives, Tetrahedron Letters, 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.061, 56, 43, (5950-5953), (2015).
- K. Crossey, R. N. Cunningham, P. Redpath and M. E. Migaud, Atom efficient synthesis of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides by ball milling, RSC Advances, 5, 72, (58116), (2015).
- Athina Dimopoulou, Stella Manta, Vanessa Parmenopoulou, Petros Gkizis, Evdoxia Coutouli-Argyropoulou, Dominique Schols and Dimitri Komiotis, Synthesis of Novel Thiopurine Pyranonucleosides: Evaluation of Their Bioactivity, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 34, 4, (289), (2015).
- Takashi Osawa, Yoshiyuki Hari, Masakazu Dohi, Yuya Matsuda and Satoshi Obika, Synthesis and Properties of the 5-Methyluridine Derivative of 3,4-Dihydro-2 H -pyran-Bridged Nucleic Acid (DpNA) , The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01425, 80, 21, (10474-10481), (2015).
- Zofia Komsta, Benjamin A. Mayes, Adel Moussa, Montserrat Shelbourne, Alistair Stewart, Andrew J. Tyrrell, Laura L. Wallis, Alexander C. Weymouth-Wilson and Alexander Yurek-George, Stereoselective Cyclopropanation in the Synthesis of 3′-Deoxy-3′-C-hydroxymethyl-2′,3′-methylene-uridine, Organic Letters, 16, 18, (4878), (2014).
- Christopher Chapron, Rebecca Glen, Massimiliano La Colla, Benjamin A. Mayes, Joseph F. McCarville, Stephen Moore, Adel Moussa, Ruhul Sarkar, Maria Seifer, Ilaria Serra and Alistair Stewart, Synthesis of 2′-O,4′-C-alkylene-bridged ribonucleosides and their evaluation as inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.050, 24, 12, (2699-2702), (2014).
- Zofia Komsta, Benjamin Mayes, Adel Moussa, Montserrat Shelbourne, Alistair Stewart, Andrew J. Tyrrell, Laura L. Wallis, Alexander C. Weymouth-Wilson and Alexander Yurek-George, Synthesis and anti-HCV activity of 1-(1′,3′-O-anhydro-3′-C-methyl-β-d-psicofuranosyl)uracil, Tetrahedron Letters, 55, 45, (6216), (2014).
- Soumendra Nath Das, Richa Rana, Sabyasachi Chatterjee, Gopinatha Suresh Kumar and Sukhendu B. Mandal, Ring-Closing Metathesis and Glycosylation Reactions: Synthesis and Biophysical Studies of Polyether-Linked Carbohydrate-Based Macrocyclic Nucleosides, The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 10.1021/jo501857k, 79, 21, (9958-9969), (2014).
- Malte Winnacker and Eric T. Kool, Künstliche genetische Systeme bestehend aus vergrößerten Basenpaaren, Angewandte Chemie, 125, 48, (12728-12739), (2013).
- Christoph Hirschhäuser, Juraj Velcicky, Daniel Schlawe, Erik Hessler, André Majdalani, Jörg‐Martin Neudörfl, Aram Prokop, Thomas Wieder and Hans‐Günther Schmalz, Nucleoside Analogues with a 1,3‐DieneFe(CO)3 Substructure: Stereoselective Synthesis, Configurational Assignment, and Apoptosis‐Inducing Activity, Chemistry – A European Journal, 19, 39, (13017-13029), (2013).
- Anu Arya, Divya Mathur, Abhilash Tyagi, Rajesh Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Carl E. Olsen, Rajendra K. Saxena and Ashok K. Prasad, Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 3′-Deoxy-3′-(4-Substituted-Triazol-1-YL)-5-Methyluridine, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 10.1080/15257770.2013.847957, 32, 12, (646-659), (2013).
- Yadagiri Kommagalla, Kolluru Srinivas and C.V. Ramana, Target cum flexibility: simple access to benzofuran conjugated sugar and nucleoside derivatives, Tetrahedron Letters, 54, 14, (1824), (2013).
- Fabrice Gallou, Manuela Seeger-Weibel and Pierre Chassagne, Development of a Robust and Sustainable Process for Nucleoside Formation, Organic Process Research & Development, 17, 3, (390), (2013).
- Malte Winnacker and Eric T. Kool, Artificial Genetic Sets Composed of Size‐Expanded Base Pairs, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52, 48, (12498-12508), (2013).
- L. Vijaya Raghava Reddy, Vikas Kumar, Ram Sagar and Arun K. Shaw, Glycal-Derived δ-Hydroxy α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes (Perlin Aldehydes): Versatile Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis, Chemical Reviews, 113, 5, (3605), (2013).
- Paolo Quadrelli, Mariella Mella, Serena Carosso and Bruna Bovio, N , O -Nucleosides from Ene Reactions of Nitrosocarbonyl Intermediates with the 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol , The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 10.1021/jo302346a, 78, 2, (516-526), (2012).
- Julian P. Henschke, Xiaoheng Zhang, Xiaohong Huang, Lijun Mei, Guodong Chu, Kun Hu, Qingping Wang, Guoyang Zhu, Mingfeng Wu, Chihying Kuo and Yungfa Chen, A Stereoselective Process for the Manufacture of a 2′-Deoxy-β- d -Ribonucleoside Using the Vorbrüggen Glycosylation , Organic Process Research & Development, 10.1021/op4002005, 17, 11, (1419-1429), (2013).
- Feiqing Ding, Shuting Cai, Ronny William and Xue-Wei Liu, Pathways leading to 3-amino- and 3-nitro-2,3-dideoxy sugars: strategies and synthesis, RSC Advances, 3, 33, (13594), (2013).
- Esma Maougal, Jean‐Marc Escudier, Christophe Len, Didier Dubreuil and Jacques Lebreton, Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Nucleoside Analogues, Chemical Synthesis of Nucleoside Analogues, (345-426), (2013).
- Christopher P. Ashcroft, Yann Dessi, David A. Entwistle, Lynsey C. Hesmondhalgh, Adrian Longstaff and Julian D Smith, Route Selection and Process Development of a Multikilogram Route to the Inhaled A2a Agonist UK-432,097, Organic Process Research & Development, 16, 3, (470), (2012).
- Stella Manta, Andromachi Xipnitou, Christos Kiritsis, Anastassia L. Kantsadi, Joseph M. Hayes, Vicky T. Skamnaki, Christos Lamprakis, Maria Kontou, Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis, Spyridon E. Zographos, Demetres D. Leonidas and Dimitri Komiotis, 3′‐Axial CH2OH Substitution on Glucopyranose does not Increase Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitory Potency. QM/MM‐PBSA Calculations Suggest Why, Chemical Biology & Drug Design, 79, 5, (663-673), (2012).
- Subhrangshu Mukherjee, Sukhendu B. Mandal and Anup Bhattacharjya, Carbohydrate nitrone and nitrile oxide cycloaddition approach to chiral sulfur heterocycles and nucleosides, RSC Advances, 2, 24, (8969), (2012).
- Stella Manta, Vanessa Parmenopoulou, Christos Kiritsis, Athina Dimopoulou, Nikolaos Kollatos, Ioannis Papasotiriou, Jan Balzarini and Dimitri Komiotis, Stereocontrolled Facile Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (3′S) and (3′R)-3′-Amino (and Azido)-3′-Deoxy Pyranonucleosides, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 31, 7, (522), (2012).
- Adam Sniady, Matthew W. Bedore and Timothy F. Jamison, One‐Flow, Multistep Synthesis of Nucleosides by Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Glycosylation, Angewandte Chemie, 123, 9, (2203-2206), (2011).
- Helmut Vorbrüggen, On Novel Fluorine Reagents in Preparative Organic Chemistry, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 94, 6, (947-965), (2011).
- Christos Kiritsis, Stella Manta, Vanessa Parmenopoulou, Jan Balzarini and Dimitri Komiotis, Branched-chain C-cyano pyranonucleosides: Synthesis of 3′-C-cyano & 3′-C-cyano-3′-deoxy pyrimidine pyranonucleosides as novel cytotoxic agents, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 46, 11, (5668), (2011).
- Mangesh P. Dushing and C.V. Ramana, Target cum flexibility: synthesis of C(3′)-spiroannulated nucleosides, Tetrahedron Letters, 52, 36, (4627), (2011).
- Adam Sniady, Matthew W. Bedore and Timothy F. Jamison, One‐Flow, Multistep Synthesis of Nucleosides by Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Glycosylation, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50, 9, (2155-2158), (2011).
- K.C. Nicolaou, Shelby P. Ellery, Fatima Rivas, Karen Saye, Eric Rogers, Tyler J. Workinger, Mark Schallenberger, Rommel Tawatao, Ana Montero, Ann Hessell, Floyd Romesberg, Dennis Carson and Dennis Burton, Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2′,4′- and 3′,4′-bridged nucleoside analogues, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 19, 18, (5648), (2011).
- María-Cruz Bonache, Alessandra Cordeiro, Ernesto Quesada, Els Vanstreels, Dirk Daelemans, María-José Camarasa, Jan Balzarini and Ana San-Félix, Selective inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) by a novel family of tricyclic nucleosides, Antiviral Research, 92, 1, (37), (2011).
- Oliver A. Battenberg, Matthew B. Nodwell and Stephan A. Sieber, Evaluation of α-Pyrones and Pyrimidones as Photoaffinity Probes for Affinity-Based Protein Profiling, The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 76, 15, (6075), (2011).
- Evangelia Tsoukala, Stella Manta, Niki Tzioumaki, Christos Kiritsis and Dimitri Komiotis, Keto-fluorothiopyranosyl nucleosides: a convenient synthesis of 2- and 4-keto-3-fluoro-5-thioxylopyranosyl thymine analogs, Carbohydrate Research, 346, 13, (2011), (2011).
- Dan Wang, Yu-Huan Li, Yu-Ping Wang, Rong-Mei Gao, Li-He Zhang and Xin-Shan Ye, Synthesis and in vitro anti-hepatitis B virus activity of six-membered azanucleoside analogues, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 19, 1, (41), (2011).
- Martin Brodszki, Birthe Bäckström, Karol Horvath, Torbjörn Larsson, Håkan Malmgren, Mikael Pelcman, Horst Wähling, Hans Wallberg and Johan Wennerberg, Synthesis of the Hepatitis B Nucleoside Analogue Lagociclovir Valactate, Organic Process Research & Development, 15, 5, (1027), (2011).
- Jeroen van Ameijde, Thierry K. Slot and Rob M.J. Liskamp, Towards the synthesis of sulfonamide-based RNA mimetics, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.02.005, 21, 4, (469-475), (2010).
- Madhukar N. Jachak, Dilip R. Birari, Raghunath B. Toche, Maruti G. Ghagare and Sandeep M. Bagul, Synthesis of uracil derivatives and their alkylation: an approach to peptide non-nucleic acid monomers, Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly, 141, 4, (451), (2010).
- Juan C. Ramos, Paula Bracco, Mauro Mazzini, José R. Fernández, Daniela Gamenara and Gustavo A. Seoane, Concise chemoenzymatic synthesis of methyl d-2,3-dideoxyriboside, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 21, 8, (969), (2010).
- Zerong Wang, Hilbert‐Johnson Reaction, Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents, (1408-1414), (2010).
- Sharad B. Suryawanshi, Mangesh P. Dushing, Rajesh G. Gonnade and C.V. Ramana, The isochroman- and 1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-annulation on carbohydrate templates via [2+2+2]-cyclotrimerization and synthesis of some tricyclic nucleosides, Tetrahedron, 66, 32, (6085), (2010).
- Alrun N. Koller, Jelena Božilović, Joachim W. Engels and Holger Gohlke, Aromatic N versus aromatic F: bioisosterism discovered in RNA base pairing interactions leads to a novel class of universal base analogs, Nucleic Acids Research, 10.1093/nar/gkp1237, 38, 9, (3133-3146), (2010).
- Zerong Wang, Vorbrüggen Glycosylation, Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents, (2915-2919), (2010).
- Jean-François Griffon, Audrey Dumas, Richard Storer, Jean-Pierre Sommadossi and Gilles Gosselin, Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 4′-C-Azidomethyl-β-D-Ribofuranosyl Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleosides, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 28, 5-7, (435), (2009).
- Qiang Yu and Per Carlsen, Synthesis of a Novel, Optically Active Uridine Analog Containing a 1,4-Dioxane Sugar Moiety. Synthesis of the Corresponding Dinucleotide, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 28, 3, (220), (2009).
- Frank Streckenbach, Gopinath Rangam, Heiko M. Möller and Andreas Marx, Steric Constraints Dependent on Nucleobase Pair Orientation Vary in Different DNA Polymerase Active Sites, ChemBioChem, 10, 10, (1630-1633), (2009).
- Helmut Krauch, Werner Kunz and Eberhard Nonnenmacher, N, Reaktionen der organischen Chemie, (471-491), (2009).
- Yasunori Mitsuoka, Tetsuya Kodama, Ryo Ohnishi, Yoshiyuki Hari, Takeshi Imanishi and Satoshi Obika, A bridged nucleic acid, 2′,4′-BNA COC : synthesis of fully modified oligonucleotides bearing thymine, 5-methylcytosine, adenine and guanine 2′,4′-BNA COC monomers and RNA-selective nucleic-acid recognition, Nucleic Acids Research, 37, 4, (1225), (2009).
- Surender Kumar, Pawan K. Sharma, Paul C. Stein and Poul Nielsen, Synthesis of the 3′‐C‐Hydroxymethyl‐Branched Locked Nucleic Acid Thymidine Monomer, European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2008, 34, (5715-5722), (2008).
- Filipa Marcelo, Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero, Jérôme Marrot, Amélia P. Rauter, Pierre Sinaÿ and Yves Blériot, Stereochemical Assignment and First Synthesis of the Core of Miharamycin Antibiotics, Chemistry – A European Journal, 14, 32, (10066-10073), (2008).
- C.V. Ramana and Sharad B. Suryawanshi, A [2+2+2]-cyclotrimerization approach for the synthesis of enantiopure isochromans using a carbohydrate derived dialkyne template, Tetrahedron Letters, 49, 3, (445), (2008).
- O. Moukha-Chafiq, J. A. Secrist and H. B. Lazrek, Synthesis of Certain 2′-Deoxy-3′,5′-di-O-benzyl-4′-thio-nucleosides Using Natural Phosphate Doped with Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid as Catalyst, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 184, 1, (76), (2008).
- Stephen Challenger, Yann Dessi, Darrell E. Fox, Lynsey C. Hesmondhalgh, Pierre Pascal, Alan J. Pettman and Julian D. Smith, Development of a Scaleable Process for the Synthesis of the A2a Agonist, UK-371,104, Organic Process Research & Development, 12, 4, (575), (2008).
- Masataka Oishi, Silicon(IV) Lewis Acids, Lewis Acids in Organic Synthesis, (355-393), (2008).
- Gang Guo, Gang Li, Dan Liu, Qian-Jiao Yang, Yu Liu, Yong-Kui Jing and Lin-Xiang Zhao, Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activities of 5-Azacytidine Analogues in Human Leukemia Cells, Molecules, 13, 12, (1487), (2008).
- Cristian Postolache, Constantin Tanase, Lidia Matei and Violeta Serban, Synthesis of [5‐3H]uracil nucleoside analogue, Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, 50, 5‐6, (609-610), (2007).
- Nadja V. Nikolaus, Jelena Božilović and Joachim W. Engels, Microwave-assisted Ribosylation of modified heterocyclic bases by Vorbrüggen method, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 26, 8-9, (889), (2007).
- Annalisa Guaragna, Daniele D'Alonzo, Mauro De Nisco, Silvana Pedatella and Giovanni Palumbo, A General Route to D- and L-Six-Membered Nucleoside Analogues, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 26, 8-9, (959), (2007).
- M. I. Page, Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones and Their Derivatives, Organic Reaction Mechanisms, (1-22), (2007).
- Yoshiyuki Hari, Satoshi Obika, Ryo Ohnishi, Ken Eguchi, Tomohisa Osaki, Hirofumi Ohishi and Takeshi Imanishi, Synthesis and properties of 2′-O,4′-C-methyleneoxymethylene bridged nucleic acid, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 14, 4, (1029), (2006).
- Grzegorz Framski, Zofia Gdaniec, Maria Gdaniec and Jerzy Boryski, A reinvestigated mechanism of ribosylation of adenine under silylating conditions, Tetrahedron, 62, 43, (10123), (2006).
- Helmut Vorbrüggen, Irene M. Lagoja and Piet Herdewijn, Synthesis of Ribonucleosides by Condensation Using Trimethylsilyl Triflate, Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry, 27, 1, (1.13.1-1.13.16), (2007).
- Alexei A. Koshkin, Conformationally restricted triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs). Binding properties of α-l-LNA and introduction of the N7-glycosylated LNA-guanosine, Tetrahedron, 10.1016/j.tet.2006.04.016, 62, 25, (5962-5972), (2006).
- A. Zivković and J. W. Engels, RNA RECOGNITION BY FLUOR-AROMATIC SUBSTITUTED, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 24, 5-7, (1023), (2005).
- Jens Gaster and Andreas Marx, Tuning Single Nucleotide Discrimination in Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs): Synthesis of Primer Probes Bearing Polar 4′‐C‐Modifications and Their Application in Allele‐Specific PCR, Chemistry – A European Journal, 11, 6, (1861-1870), (2005).
- Yusuke Idutsu, Ayaka Sasaki, Shuichi Matsumura and Kazunobu Toshima, Molecular design, chemical synthesis, and evaluation of cytosine–carbohydrate hybrids for selective recognition of a single guanine bulged duplex DNA, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 15, 19, (4332), (2005).
- Arpita Neogi, Tirtha Pada Majhi, Nanda Ghoshal and Partha Chattopadhyay, Radical cyclization of exo-methylene furanose derivatives: an expedient approach to the synthesis of chiral tricyclic nucleosides and benzannulated oxepine derivatives, Tetrahedron, 10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.054, 61, 39, (9368-9374), (2005).
- Christoph Henke and Wolfgang Pfleiderer, Nucleotides. LXXIV Synthesis of a-D-Arabino-oligonucleotides, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 24, 10-12, (1665), (2005).
- Xiao-Long Qiup and Feng-Ling Qing, Synthesis of 2′,3′-dideoxy-2′-monofluoromethyl azanucleosides, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 13, 1, (277), (2005).
- Simon G. Patching, Stephen A. Baldwin, Alexander D. Baldwin, James D. Young, Maurice P. Gallagher, Peter J. F. Henderson and Richard B. Herbert, The nucleoside transport proteins, NupC and NupG, from Escherichia coli: specific structural motifs necessary for the binding of ligands, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 10.1039/b414739a, 3, 3, (462), (2005).
- Daniel Schlawe, André Majdalani, Juraj Velcicky, Erik Heßler, Thomas Wieder, Aram Prokop and Hans‐Günther Schmalz, Eisenhaltige Nucleosidanaloga mit apoptoseinduzierender Wirksamkeit, Angewandte Chemie, 116, 13, (1763-1766), (2004).
- András Földesi, Mrinal K. Kundu, Zoltán Dinya and Jyoti Chattopadhyaya, Synthesis of [2′‐2H1]‐Ribonucleosides, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 87, 3, (742-757), (2004).
- Daniel Schlawe, André Majdalani, Juraj Velcicky, Erik Heßler, Thomas Wieder, Aram Prokop and Hans‐Günther Schmalz, Iron‐Containing Nucleoside Analogues with Pronounced Apoptosis‐Inducing Activity, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 43, 13, (1731-1734), (2004).
- Georges Guillerm, Murielle Muzard, Cédric Glapski and Serge Pilard, Inactivation of human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by covalent labeling of cysteine 195 with thionucleoside derivatives, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 14, 23, (5803), (2004).
- Hari Babu Mereyala and Sreeman Kumar Mamidyala, The Synthesis of [(β‐d‐Ribofuranosyloxy)‐methyl]nucleosides, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 23, 4, (655), (2004).
- Yoshiyasu Ichikawa, Keiko Hirata, Masayoshi Ohbayashi and Minoru Isobe, Total Synthesis of (+)‐Blasticidin S, Chemistry – A European Journal, 10, 13, (3241-3251), (2004).
- Helmut Vorbrüggen and Carmen Ruh‐Pohlenz, Synthesis Of Nucleosides, Organic Reactions, (1-630), (2004).
- Luigi A. Agrofoglio, Franck Amblard, Steven P. Nolan, Steve Charamon, Isabelle Gillaizeau, Thomas A. Zevaco and Pierre Guenot, Synthesis of l-cyclopentenyl nucleosides using ring-closing metathesis and palladium-mediated allylic alkylation methodologies, Tetrahedron, 10.1016/j.tet.2004.07.009, 60, 38, (8397-8404), (2004).
- Arnaud Gautier, Chrystel Lopin, Goulnara Garipova, Irina Kalinina, Carmen Salcedo, Sébastien Balieu and Serge R. Piettre, Analogues of nucleotides and oligonucleotides featuring difluorophosphonate, difluorophosphonothioate and difluorophosphinate functional groups, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2004.09.028, 125, 11, (1745-1756), (2004).
- Christoph Rosenbohm, Daniel Sejer Pedersen, Miriam Frieden, Flemming R. Jensen, Susan Arent, Sine Larsen and Troels Koch, LNA guanine and 2,6-diaminopurine. Synthesis, characterization and hybridization properties of LNA 2,6-diaminopurine containing oligonucleotides, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.02.008, 12, 9, (2385-2396), (2004).
- Irina Kalinina, Arnaud Gautier, Carmen Salcedo, Jean-Yves Valnot and Serge R Piettre, Second-generation synthesis of protected phosphonothiodifluoromethylene analogues of nucleoside-3′-phosphates, Tetrahedron, 60, 22, (4895), (2004).
- Stéphane Guillarme, Stéphanie Legoupy, Nathalie Bourgougnon, Anne-Marie Aubertin and François Huet, Synthesis of new acyclonucleosides comprising unexpected regioisomers in the case of purines, Tetrahedron, 59, 48, (9635), (2003).
- Franck Amblard, Steven P. Nolan, Isabelle Gillaizeau and Luigi A. Agrofoglio, A new route to acyclic nucleosides via palladium-mediated allylic alkylation and cross-metathesis, Tetrahedron Letters, 44, 51, (9177), (2003).
- Simon G. Patching, David A. Middleton, Peter J. F. Henderson and Richard B. Herbert, The economical synthesis of [2′-13C, 1,3-15N2]uridine; preliminary conformational studies by solid state NMR, Org. Biomol. Chem., 1, 12, (2057), (2003).
- Hari Babu Mereyala and Pallavi Pola, Controlled Acetolysis of 3,6-Anhydro-5-o-benzyl-1,2-o-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose: Synthesis of 1-(3′,6′-Anhydro- α-d-glucofuranosyl)thymine, Synthetic Communications, 33, 14, (2547), (2003).
- Nicole Amann and Hans-Achim Wagenknecht, Synthesis of an ethidium nucleoside and its acyclic analog, Tetrahedron Letters, 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)00025-X, 44, 8, (1685-1690), (2003).
- A. [Zbreve]ivković and J. W. Engels, Synthesis of Modified RNA-Oligonucleotides for Structural Investigations, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 22, 5-8, (1167), (2003).
- Damian Ackermann and Stefan Pitsch, Synthesis and Pairing Properties of 3′‐Deoxyribopyranose (4′→2′)‐Oligonucleotides (‘p‐DNA'), Helvetica Chimica Acta, 85, 5, (1443-1462), (2002).
- Feng-Ling Qing, Jiang Yu and Xiang-Kai Fu, Synthesis of 2',3'-Dideoxy-2'-trifluoromethyl-N-azanucleosides, Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 67, 9, (1267), (2002).
- Jörn Wirsching, Oliver Schulze, Jürgen Voss, Anja Giesler, Jürgen Kopf, Gunadi Adiwidjaja, Jan Balzarini and Erik De Clercq, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ISONUCLEOSIDES DERIVED FROM METHYL 3,5-ANHYDRO-2-O-(2-FLUOROBENZYL)-d-XYLOFURANOSIDES, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 21, 3, (257), (2002).
- Henrik M. Pfundheller and Christian Lomholt, Locked Nucleic Acids: Synthesis and Characterization of LNA‐T Diol, Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry, 8, 1, (4.12.1-4.12.16), (2002).
- Dieter Sicker and Margot Schulz, Benzoxazinones in plants: Occurrence, synthetic access, and biological activity, Bioactive Natural Products (Part H), 10.1016/S1572-5995(02)80037-0, (185-232), (2002).
- Satoshi Obika, Ken-ichiro Morio, Daishu Nanbu, Yoshiyuki Hari, Hiromi Itoh and Takeshi Imanishi, Synthesis and conformation of 3′,4′-BNA monomers, 3′-O,4′-C-methyleneribonucleosides, Tetrahedron, 10.1016/S0040-4020(02)00227-2, 58, 15, (3039-3049), (2002).
- Hari Babu Mereyala and Pallavi Pola, SYNTHESIS OF 1-(3′,6′-ANHYDRO-2′-DEOXY- β-d-GLUCOFURANOSYL)-THYMINE, Synthetic Communications, 32, 16, (2453), (2002).
- Barbara Richichi, Stefano Cicchi, Ugo Chiacchio, Giovanni Romeo and Alberto Brandi, Chemo-, regio- and stereoselective Mitsunobu reaction of unprotected pyrimidine bases with hydroxypyrrolidines, Tetrahedron Letters, 43, 22, (4013), (2002).
- Nan-Sheng Li, Xiao-Qing Tang and Joseph A. Piccirilli, 2‘-C-Branched Ribonucleosides. 2. Synthesis of 2‘-C-β-Trifluoromethyl Pyrimidine Ribonucleosides1, Organic Letters, 3, 7, (1025), (2001).
- Graham R Geen, Peter M Kincey and P.Grant Spoors, Regioselective alkylation of guanines using 2-acetoxytetrahydrofurans, Tetrahedron Letters, 42, 9, (1781), (2001).
- Christine Gauthier, Yvan Ramondenc and Gérard Plé, A novel synthesis of AZT, Tetrahedron, 57, 35, (7513), (2001).
- Anders E Håkansson and Jesper Wengel, The adenine derivative of α-l-LNA (α-l-ribo configured locked nucleic acid): synthesis and high-affinity hybridization towards DNA, RNA, LNA and α-l-LNA complementary sequences, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 11, 7, (935), (2001).
- Armandodoriano Bianco, Lucia Celletti, Raffaele Antonio Mazzei and Floriana Umani, Synthesis of Aucubovir II, a New Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analog, European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2001, 7, (1331-1334), (2001).
- Mrinal K. Kundu, Anna Trifonova, Zoltán Dinya, András Földesi and Jyoti Chattopadhyaya, SYNTHETIC STUDIES TO IMPROVE THE DEUTERIUM LABELLING IN NUCLEOSIDES FOR FACILITATING STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF LARGE RNAS BY HIGH-FIELD NMR SPECTROSCOPY, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 20, 4-7, (1333), (2001).
- Hatice Berber, Mustapha Soufyane, Catherine Mirand, Sylvie Schmidt and Anne-Marie Aubertin, Synthesis of some cyclic and acyclic nucleoside analogues derived from 4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidines, Tetrahedron, 57, 34, (7369), (2001).
- Cécile Dehoux, Liliane Gorrichon and Michel Baltas, Stereoselective Preparation of Protected Thymine Polyoxin C and Approaches Towards Synthesis of Its C2′‐Modified Analogues, European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2001, 6, (1105-1113), (2001).
- Mary E. Hawkins, Wolfgang Pfleiderer, Oliver Jungmann and Frank M. Balis, Synthesis and Fluorescence Characterization of Pteridine Adenosine Nucleoside Analogs for DNA Incorporation, Analytical Biochemistry, 298, 2, (231), (2001).
- Uwe Parsch and Joachim W. Engels, pH‐Independent Triple‐Helix Formation with 6‐Oxocytidine as Cytidine Analogue, Chemistry � A European Journal, 6, 13, (2409-2424), (2000).
- Anton Štimac and Jože Kobe, Studies on the origin of stereoselectivity in the synthesis of 1,2-trans glycofuranosyl azides, Carbohydrate Research, 324, 3, (149), (2000).
- John S. Cooperwood, Vincent Boyd, Giuseppe Gumina and Chung K. Chu, Synthesis of L-3′-Hydroxymethylribonucleosides, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 19, 1-2, (219), (2000).
- Irene M. Lagoja, Arthur Van Aerschot, Chris Hendrix and Piet Herdewijn, Glycosylation of 1-Aminoimidazole-2(3H)-thiones, Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 65, 7, (1145), (2000).
- Joon H. Hong, Mu-Yun Gao, Yongseok Choi, Yung-Chi Cheng, Raymond F. Schinazi and Chung K. Chu, Synthesis of novel 3′-C-methyl-apionucleosides: an asymmetric construction of a quaternary carbon by Claisen rearrangement, Carbohydrate Research, 328, 1, (37), (2000).
- Elisabeth Moyroud, Ewa Biala and Peter Strazewski, Synthesis and Enzymatic Digestion of an RNA Nonamer in Both Enantiomeric Forms, Tetrahedron, 56, 11, (1475), (2000).
- Nathalie Baret, Jean‐Pierre Dulcere, Jean Rodriguez, Jean‐Marc Pons and Robert Faure, The Cohalogenation of 1‐N‐Vinylpyrimidinediones: A New Approach to Nucleoside Analogs, European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2000, 8, (1507-1516), (2000).
- Birgit Masjost, Patrick Ballmer, Edilio Borroni, Gerhard Zürcher, Fritz K. Winkler, Roland Jakob‐Roetne and François Diederich, Structure‐Based Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Evaluation of Bisubstrate Inhibitors for Catechol O‐Methyltransferase (COMT), Chemistry – A European Journal, 6, 6, (971-982), (2000).
- Joseph H. Chan, Stanley D. Chamberlain, Karen K. Biron, Michelle G. Davis, Robert J. Harvey, Dean W. Selleseth, Ronna E. Dornsife, Ernest H. Dark, Lloyd W. Frick, Leroy B. Townsend, John C. Drach and George W. Koszalka, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Series of 2′-Deoxy Analogues of The Antiviral Agent 5,6-Dichloro-2-Isopropylamino-1-(β-L-Ribofuranosyl)-1H-Benzimidazole (1263W94), Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 19, 1-2, (101), (2000).
- Henrik M. Pfundheller and Jesper Wengel, Oligonucleotides containing 4′-C-aminomethyl-2′-modified thymidines show increased binding affinity towards DNA and RNA, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 9, 18, (2667), (1999).
- Jan Milecki, Edouard Zamaratski, Tatiana V. Maltseva, András Földesi, Ryszard W. Adamiak and Jyoti Chattopadhyaya, The first example of sequence-specific non-uniformly 13C5 labelled RNA: Synthesis of the 29mer HIV-1 TAR RNA with 13C Relaxation Window, Tetrahedron, 55, 21, (6603), (1999).
- Augusto Gambacorta, Mohamed Elmi Farah and Daniela Tofani, HSAB Driven chemoselectivity in alkylation of uracil derivatives. A high yielding preparation of 3-alkylated and unsymmetrically 1,3-dialkylated uracils, Tetrahedron, 55, 43, (12615), (1999).
- Nicolas S. Mourier, Alessandra Eleuteri, Selwyn J. Hurwitz, Phillip M. Tharnish and Raymond F. Schinazi, Enantioselective synthesis and biological evaluation of 5- o -carboranyl pyrimidine nucleosides, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 7, 12, (2759), (1999).
- Florence Marciacq, Sylvie Sauvaigo, Jean-Paul Issartel, Jean-François Mouret and Didier Molko, Synthesis and enzymatic incorporation of morpholino thymidine-5′-triphosphate in DNA fragments, Tetrahedron Letters, 40, 25, (4673), (1999).
- Adel M. Attla, Hanaa A. Mansour, Ahmed A. Almehdi and Mohammed M. Abbasi, Synthesis of Some Pyridine Ribosides and Their Biological Activity, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 18, 10, (2301), (1999).
- Anna Trifonova, András Földesi, Zoltán Dinya and Jyoti Chattopadhyaya, Diastereospecific chemical synthesis of ribonucleosides-3′,4′,5′,5″ -d4, Tetrahedron, 55, 15, (4747), (1999).
- Kazuhiro Haraguchi, Ayako Nishikawa, Eiko Sasakura, Hiromichi Tanaka, Kazuo T. Nakamura and Tadashi Miyasaka, Electrophilic addition to 4-thio furanoid glycal: a highly stereoselective entry to 2′-deoxy-4′-thio pyrimidine nucleosides, Tetrahedron Letters, 39, 22, (3713), (1998).
- Adel M. Attia, Galal H. Elgemeie and Ibrahim S. Alnaimi, Synthesis of 1-(β-D-Glycopyranosyl)-3-Deazapyrimidines from 2-Hydroxy and 2-Mercaptopyridines, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 17, 8, (1355), (1998).
- Oliver Botta, Elisabeth Moyroud, Cinta Lobato and Peter Strazewski, Synthesis of 3′-azido- and 3′-amino-3′-deoxyadenosine in both enantiomeric forms, Tetrahedron, 54, 44, (13529), (1998).
- Joon H. Hong, Kyeong Lee, Yongseok Choi and Chung K. Chu, Enantiomeric synthesis of 3′-fluoro-apionucleosides using Claisen rearrangement, Tetrahedron Letters, 39, 21, (3443), (1998).
- Kurt Berlin, Rishi K. Jain and Clemens Richert, Are porphyrin mixtures favorable photodynamic anticancer drugs? A model study with combinatorial libraries of tetraphenylporphyrins, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 61, 2, (107-118), (2000).
- Annika Niklasson, Ingemar Kvarnström, Björn Classon and Bertil Samuelsson, Synthesis of 2•,3•-Dideoxy-3•-C-hydroxymethylcytidine Phosphonomethyl Derivatives, Molecules Online, 2, 1, (7), (1998).
- John P. Mogensen, Stanley M. Roberts, Andrew N. Bowler, Christian Thomsen and Lars J.S. Knutsen, The synthesis of new adenosine A3 selective ligands containing bioisosteric isoxazoles, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 8, 13, (1767), (1998).
- S. Lavaire, R. Plantier-Royon, C. Portella, M. de Monte, A. Kirn and A.-M. Aubertin, 3′-Deoxy-3′-C-trifluoromethyl Nucleosides: Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 17, 12, (2267), (1998).
- Alexei A. Koshkin, Sanjay K. Singh, Poul Nielsen, Vivek K. Rajwanshi, Ravindra Kumar, Michael Meldgaard, Carl Erik Olsen and Jesper Wengel, LNA (Locked Nucleic Acids): Synthesis of the adenine, cytosine, guanine, 5-methylcytosine, thymine and uracil bicyclonucleoside monomers, oligomerisation, and unprecedented nucleic acid recognition, Tetrahedron, 10.1016/S0040-4020(98)00094-5, 54, 14, (3607-3630), (1998).
- Isabell Wieland, Michael Kluge, Bernd Schneider, Jürgen Schmidt, Dieter Sicker and Margot Schulz, 3-β-d-glucopyranosyl-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one—A detoxification product of benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one in oat roots, Phytochemistry, 49, 3, (719), (1998).
- Alexei A. Koshkin, Vivek K. Rajwanshi and Jesper Wengel, Novel convenient syntheses of LNA [2.2.1]bicyclo nucleosides, Tetrahedron Letters, 39, 24, (4381), (1998).
- Joon H. Hong, Byoung K. Chun and Chung K. Chu, Synthesis of novel nucleosides, Tetrahedron Letters, 39, 3-4, (225), (1998).
- Adel M. Attia, Galal H. Elgemeie and Lamies A. Shahada, Synthesis of some novel condensed pyridine-2(1H)-thiones and related glycosides, Tetrahedron, 53, 51, (17441), (1997).
- Naganna M. Goudgaon, Yahya A. El-Kattan, Xiaoyang Xia, Jeff McAtee, José Soria, Shiow-Jyi Wey, Dennis C. Liotta and Raymond F. Schinazi, A General Synthetic Method of 5-Carboranyluracil Nucleosides with Potential Antiviral Activity and use in Neutron Capture Therapy, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 16, 12, (2133), (1997).
- A. Nagarajan, Bernard R. Meltsner and Thomas J. Delia, Fused pyrimidines. 7. Nucleosides of pyrimidopyrimidinediones and pteridinediones as potential chemotherapeutic agents, Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 34, 5, (1581-1585), (2009).
- Stefan Pitsch, An Efficient Synthesis of Enantiomeric Ribonucleic Acids from D‐Glucose, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 80, 8, (2286-2314), (2004).
- Alberto Arnone, Pierfrancesco Bravo, Massimo Frigerio, Fiorenza Viani, Giuliana Salani and Carmela Zappalà, Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 3′-Arylsulfonyl-4′-fluoromethyl-4′-(diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)thymidine Analogues, Journal of Chemical Research, 12, (458), (1997).
- Peter Schwenkkraus, Stefan Merkle and Hans‐Hartwig Otto, Properties and Reactions of Substituted 1,2‐Thiazetidine 1,1‐Dioxides: 3‐Acetoxy‐1,2‐thiazetidine 1,1‐Dioxide, Synthesis and Reactions with C‐Nucleophiles, Liebigs Annalen, 1997, 6, (1261-1266), (2006).
- Jean Depelley, Robert Granet, Mourad Kaouadji, Pierre Krausz, Salomon Piekarski, Sylvie Delebassée and Claudine Bosgiraud, New Non-Aromatic Triazinic Nucleosides: Synthesis and Antiretroviral Evaluation of β-Ribosylamine Nucleoside Analogs, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 15, 5, (995), (1996).
- J. Campos, M.J. Pineda, J.A. Gómez, A. Entrena, M.A. Trujillo, M.A. Gallo and A. Espinosa, 5-fluorouracil derivatives. 1. Acyclonucleosides through a tin (IV) chloride-mediated regiospecific ring opening of alkoxy-1,4-diheteroepanes, Tetrahedron, 52, 26, (8907), (1996).
- Gloria Rassu, Franca Zanardi, Mara Cornia and Giovanni Casiraghi, Model Syntheses of Thiazolidine Nucleoside Analogues, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 10.1080/07328319608002037, 15, 5, (1113-1120), (1996).
- Antonio Amantea, Matthias Henz and Peter Strazewski, Synthesis of (15N2)[17O]Urea, (15N2)[O2, O4‐17O2]Uridine, and (15N3)[O2‐17O]Cytidine, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 79, 1, (244-254), (2004).
- A. Scott Frame, Richard H. Wightman and Grahame Mackenzie, Synthesis of 5-Amino-4-sulfonamidoimidazole nucleosides as potential inhibitors of purine nucleotide biosynthesis, and of an imidazothiadiazine dioxide analogue of adenosine, Tetrahedron, 52, 27, (9219), (1996).
- Stephen Hanessian, Jose J. Conde, Hoan Huynh Khai and Boliang Lou, The stereocontrolled synthesis of 1,2-trans hexopyranosyl nucleosides via a novel anomeric activation, Tetrahedron, 52, 33, (10827), (1996).
- Charlotte H. Gotfredsen, Jens Peter Jacobsen and Jesper Wengel, Synthesis and properties of α- and β-oligodeoxynucleotides containing α- and β-1-(2-O-methyl-d-arabinofuranosyl)thymine, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 4, 8, (1217), (1996).
- Sanjay K Singh, Virinder S Parmar and Jesper Wengel, Towards 2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside libraries: synthesis of 3′-alkylthio analogues from an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, Tetrahedron Letters, 37, 42, (7619), (1996).
- Jerzy Boryski, Transglycosylation Reactions of Purine Nucleosides. A Review, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 15, 1-3, (771), (1996).
- Oliver Jungmann and Wolfgang Pfleiderer, A new efficient method in nucleoside synthesis, Tetrahedron Letters, 37, 46, (8355), (1996).
- Abdellah Benjahad, Robert Granet, Pierre Krausz, Claudine Bosgiraud and Sylvie Delebassée, SYNTHESIS OF 3-ALKYL PIPERAZIN-2-ONE NUCLEOSIDES WITH POTENTIAL ANTIRETROVIRAL ACTIVITY, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 15, 11-12, (1849), (1996).
- Ashok K. Prasad, Mads D. Sørensen, Virinder S. Parmar and Jesper Wengel, Tri-O-acyl 2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose: An effective enzyme-assisted one-pot synthesis from 2-deoxy-D-ribose and transformation into 2′-deoxynucleosides, Tetrahedron Letters, 36, 34, (6163), (1995).
- Antonio Amantea, Markus Walser, Urs Séquin and Peter Strazewski, Synthesis and 15N‐ and 17O‐NMR Spectra of 5‐Methyl(15N2)[O2,O4‐17O2]uridine (= (15N2)[O2,O4‐17O2]Ribosylthymine), Helvetica Chimica Acta, 78, 5, (1106-1111), (2004).
- Nabih Ghal, Barbara Johnston, Lilia Beauchamp, Taj Naseree, Tracy Scott, Roy Flanagan and Martha Rodriguez, An Efficient Synthesis of 2-[(4-Amino∼1,2-dihyro-2-oxo-1- pyrimidinyl)methoxyi-l,3-propanediyl-di-L-valinate an Anti-cytomegalovirus Agent, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 14, 7, (1591), (1995).
- H. Wamhoff, W. Wambach, S. Herrmann, M. Jansen and B. Brühne, , Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung, 336, 2, (129-139), (2004).
- G. Ceulemans, R. Busson, N. Weyns, F. Vandendriessche, J. Rozenski, A. IJzerman and P. Herdewijn, Synthesis of 3′-Fluoro-3′-deoxy-N6-cyclopentyladenosine, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 13, 9, (1991), (1994).
- Teruaki Mukaiyama, Takafumi Matsutani and Naoyuki Shimomura, Tin(II) Chloride Catalyzed Synthesis of β-D-Ribonucleosides, Chemistry Letters, 23, 11, (2089), (1994).
- Charlotte H. Gotfredsen, Jens Peter Jacobsen and Jesper Wengel, Novel oligodeoxynucleotide analogues containing a 2′-O-methylarabinonucleoside, Tetrahedron Letters, 35, 37, (6941), (1994).
- Jean Depelley, Robert Granet, Pierre Krausz, Salomon Piekarski, Claudine Bosgiraud and Sylvie Beaussoleil, Synthesis and Antiretroviral Evaluation of Various 5-Alkyl-6-AZA-5,6-Dihydrouridine, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 13, 4, (1007), (1994).
- Haukur Kristinsson, Kurt Nebel, Anthony C. O'Sullivan, Fritz Struber, Tammo Winkler and Yasuchika Yamaguchi, A novel synthesis of sulfamoyl nucleosides, Tetrahedron, 50, 23, (6825), (1994).
- Gloria Rassu, Luigi Pinna, Pietro Spanu, Fausta Ulgheri and Giovanni Casiraghi, Total syntheses of N-boc-protected 3′-deoxy-4′-azathymidine and 4′-azauridine, Tetrahedron Letters, 35, 23, (4019), (1994).
- Naoyuki Shimomura, Takafumi Matsutani and Teruaki Mukaiyama, Stereoselective Syntheses ofβ-D-Ribonucleosides Catalyzed by the Combined Use of Silver Salts and Diphenyltin Sulfide or Lawesson’s Reagent, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 67, 11, (3100), (1994).
- Robert D. Walkup and Michael D. Mosher, Synthesis of a nucleoside analog bearing a branched difunctional sidechain using the palladium-mediated cyclization of a γ-oxoallene, Tetrahedron Letters, 35, 46, (8545), (1994).
- D. L. Darmkjaer, M. Petersen and J. Wengel, Lipase Catalyzed Diastereoselective Deacetylations of Anomeric Mixtures of Peracetylated 2′-Deoxynucleosides, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 13, 8, (1801), (1994).
- Jianying Wang, Julie A. Wurster, Lawrence J. Wilson and Dennis Liotta, Stereocontrolled glycosylations via additions of sulfur electrophiles to glycals, Tetrahedron Letters, 34, 31, (4881), (1993).
- Johannes J. Voegel, Michael M. Altorfer and Steven A. Benner, The Donor‐Acceptor‐Acceptor Purine Analog: Transformation of 5‐aza‐7‐deaza‐1H‐isoguanine (=4‐aminoimidazo‐[1,2‐a]‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2(1H)‐one) to 2′‐deoxy‐5‐aza‐7‐deaza‐isoguanosine using purine nucleoside phosphorylase, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 76, 5, (2061-2069), (2004).
- Markus Tarköy, Martin Bolli, Bernd Schweizer and Christian Leumann, Nucleic‐Acid Analogues with Constraint Conformational Flexibility in the Sugar‐Phosphate Backbone (‘Bicyclo‐DNA’). Part 1. Preparation of (3S,5′R)‐2′‐Deoxy‐3′,5′‐ethano‐αβ‐D‐ribonucleosides (‘Bicyclonucleosides’), Helvetica Chimica Acta, 76, 1, (481-510), (2004).
- Robert G. Kuimelis, Håkon Hope and Krishnan P. Nambiar, A Stereoselective Synthesis of α - and β-2′-Deoxy-2-thiouridine, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 12, 7, (737), (1993).
- Najim A. Al-Masoudi and Wolfgang Pfleiderer, Synthesis of some novel 1-(5-thio-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-lumazine and -pyrimidine nucleosides, Tetrahedron, 49, 34, (7579), (1993).
- Najim A. Al-Masoudi, Wolfgang Pfleiderer and Hassan B. Lazrek, Synthesis of Some Novel 1-(5-Thio-ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-azauracil Derivatives - Thiosugar Nucleosides, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 12, 7, (687), (1993).
- Kim L. Dueholm, Youssef L. Aly, Per T. Jørgensen, Ahmed A. El-Barbary, Erik B. Pedersen and Claus Nielsen, Convergent synthesis of 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-methylthio and 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-mercapto nucleosides and their disulfide analogues — Potential anti-HIV agents, Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly, 124, 1, (37), (1993).
- Mosselhi A. N. Mosselhi, Nucleosides, I Ribosylation of 8-Substituted Theophylline Derivatives, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 12, 5, (431), (1993).
- Biserka Kašnar, Vinko Škarić, Branimir Klaić and Mladen Žinić, A novel synthesis of “double headed” nucleosides “reversed” nucleosides, Tetrahedron Letters, 34, 31, (4997), (1993).
- Markus Böhringer, Hans‐JÖRg Roth, Jürg Hunziker, Michael Göbel, Ravichandran Krishnan, Alfred Giger, Bernd Schweizer, Jakob Schreiber, Christian Leumann and Albert Eschenmoser, , Helvetica Chimica Acta, 75, 5, (1416-1477), (2004).
- Kim L. Dueholm, Mohammed S. Motawia, Erik B. Pedersen, Claus Nielsen and Inge Lundt, Synthesis of 3′‐Alkylthio‐2′,3′‐dideoxy Nucleosides with Potential Anti‐HIV Activity from 2‐Deoxy‐D‐ribose, Using a Phosphorus Pentoxide Reagent, Archiv der Pharmazie, 325, 9, (597-601), (2006).
- H. Bue Hansen, Erik B. Pedersen and Bent Faber Vestergaard, Synthesis of Pyranoid Analogues of the Anti‐HIV Active 3′‐Deoxy‐2′,3′‐didehydrothymidine (D4T), Archiv der Pharmazie, 325, 8, (491-497), (2006).
- András Földesi, Frans Peder R. Nilson, Corine Glemarec, Carlo Gioeli and Jyoti Chattopadhyaya, Synthesis of 1′#,2′,3′,4′#,5′,5″-2H6-β-D-ribonucleosides and 1′#, 2′,2″,3′,4′#,5′,5″-2H7-β-D-2′-deoxyribonucleosides for selective suppression of proton resonances in partially-deuterated oligo-DNA, oligo-RNA and in 2,5A core (1H-NMR window), Tetrahedron, 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)82001-9, 48, 41, (9033-9072), (1992).
- Alois Haas, Max Lieb and Bernd Steffens, Darstellung und Charakterisierung von Trifluormethylchalkogenyl [(CF3E) E S, SO2, Se] substituierten Nucleosiden, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 56, 1, (55), (1992).
- Philip Garner, Ji Uk Yoo and Ramakanth Sarabu, Synthesis of 2-aminopurine nucleosides via regiocontrolled glycosylation, Tetrahedron, 48, 21, (4259), (1992).
- Werner Tjarks, Abul K. M. Anisuzzaman and Albert H. Soloway, Synthesis of 1,3-Dl-O-Acetyl-5-O-Benzoyl-2-O -(O-Carboran-1-Ylmethyl)- D-Ribofuranose. A General Precursor for the Preparation of Carborane-Containing Nucleosides for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 11, 10, (1765), (1992).
- Martin Dunkel and Wolfgang Pfleiderer, Nucleosides. IL. Synthesis and Properties of 2,4-Quinazolinedione N-1-2′ Deoxy-, 3′-Deoxy- and 2′,3′-Dideoxynucleosides, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 10.1080/07328319208021742, 11, 2-4, (787-819), (1992).
- Jesper Lau, Erik B. Pedersen, Lars V. Jensen and Carsten M. Nielsen, Synthesis of 3′‐Amino‐2′,3′‐dideoxy‐hexofuranose Nucleosides with Potential Anti‐Viral Activity, Archiv der Pharmazie, 324, 2, (83-89), (2006).
- Jesper Lau, Krzysztof Walczak, Krzysztof Pupek, Carsten Buch, Carsten M. Nielsen and Erik B. Pedersen, Free‐radical synthesis of 3‐(2‐cyanoethyl)‐ and 3‐(2‐methoxycarbonylethyl)‐2,3‐dideoxy‐α‐D‐Erythro‐pentofuranoside and their application in the synthesis of potential antiviral nucleosides, Archiv der Pharmazie, 324, 12, (953-958), (2010).
- Krzysztof Walczak, Krzysztof Pupek and Erik B. Pedersen, Synthesis of 1 ‐[2,3‐dideoxy‐3‐(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐D‐pentofuranosyl]thymines, Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1991, 10, (1041-1044), (2006).
- Martin Dunkel and Wolfgang Pfleiderer, Nucleosides, XLVIII. Syntheses and Properties of Quinazoline N-1-Ribofuranosides, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 10, 4, (799), (1991).
- Stephen H. Kawai and George Just, Synthesis of a Non-Hydrolyzable Dinucleoside Analogue, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 10, 7, (1485), (1991).
- Joanne J. Bronson, Louis M. Ferrara, Henry G. Howell, Paul R. Brodfuehrer and John C. Martin, A New Synthesis of the Potent and Selective Anti-Herpesvirus Agent (S)-1-[3-Hydroxy-2-(Phosphonylmethoxy)Propyl]Cytosine, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 9, 6, (745), (1990).
- Sibylle Maier, Rainer Preuss and Richard R. Schmidt, Functionally substituted vinyl carbanions, 40. Synthesis of the basic structure of ezomycin A, Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1990, 5, (483-489), (2006).
- Philip J.M. van Galen, Adriaan P. Ijzerman and Willem Soudijn, Xanthine-7-Ribosides as Adenosine AlReceptor Antagonists: Further Evidence for Adenosine's Anti Mode of Binding, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 9, 2, (275), (1990).
- Didier Betbeder and David W Hutchinson, The Enzymatic Synthesis of Imidazole Deoxynucleosides: 1-β-D-2′-Deoxyribofuranosyl-5-aminoiinidazole-4-carboxamide and 1-β-D-2′-Deoxyribofuranosylbenzimidazole, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 9, 4, (569), (1990).
- Lawrence J. Wilson and Dennis Liotta, A general method for controlling glycosylation stereochemistry in the synthesis of 2′-deoxyribose nucleosides, Tetrahedron Letters, 31, 13, (1815), (1990).
- Najim A. Al-masoudi and Wolfgang Pfleiderer, Nucleosides, XLVI1Syntheses and Reactions of 6- and 7-p-Chlorophenyllumazine Nucleosides, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 8, 8, (1485), (1989).
- E. Schlimme, H. Frister and K.-P. Raezke, Glycosylation of Mono- and Bicyclic Dicarbonic Acid Imides, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 7, 5-6, (577), (1988).
- Michel Legraverend, Chi Hung Nguyen, Aurelio Zerial and Emile Bisagni, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Deazacytidine and 3-Deazauridine Derivatives, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 5, 2, (125), (1986).
- Rolf Altermatt and Christoph Tamm, , Helvetica Chimica Acta, 68, 2, (475-483), (2004).
- Hans Paulsen and Michael Paal, Lewissäure-katalysierte synthesen von di- und trisaccharid-sequenzen der O- und N-glycoproteine. Anwendung von trimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulfonat, Carbohydrate Research, 135, 1, (53), (1984).
- Y. Tarumi, K. Moriguchi and T. Atsumi, Studies on imidazole derivatives and related compounds. 3. Regioselective glycosylation of 4‐carbamoylimidazolium‐5‐olate, Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 21, 2, (529-537), (2009).
- Juris A. Maurinš, Ruta A. Paegle, Aina A. Zidermane, Margeris J. Lidaks, Evgeny I. Kvasyuk and Igor A. Mikhailopulo, Synthesis of 1-(6-Mercaptopurinyl-9)-and 1-(6-Methylmercaptopurinyl-9)-β-D-glucofuranuronosides, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 3, 2, (147), (1984).
- Adam Mazur, Burton E. Tropp and Robert Engel, Isosteres of natural phosphates. 11. Synthesis of a phosphonic acid analogue of an oligonucleotide, Tetrahedron, 40, 20, (3949), (1984).
- L. D. Hawkins, J. C. Hanvey, F. L. Boyd, David C. Baker and H. D. Hollis Showalter, Inhibitors of Adenosine Deaminase: Synthesis of Coformycin and 3′-Deoxycoformycin, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 2, 5, (479), (1983).
- Helmut Vorbrüggen and Bärbel Bennua, Nucleoside syntheses, XXV1) A new simplified nucleoside synthesis, Chemische Berichte, 114, 4, (1279-1286), (2007).
- Tsann Long Su, Bärbel Bennua, Helmut Vorbrüggen and Hans Jörg Lindner, , Chemische Berichte, 114, 4, (1269-1278), (2007).
- Helmut Vorbrüggen, Konrad Krolikiewicz and Bärbel Bennua, Nucleoside syntheses, XXII1) Nucleoside synthesis with trimethylsilyl triflate and perchlorate as catalysts, Chemische Berichte, 114, 4, (1234-1255), (2007).
- H. + VORBRUEGGEN and G. + HOEFLE, ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDE SYNTHESES. XXIII. ON THE MECHANISM OF NUCLEOSIDE SYNTHESIS, Chemischer Informationsdienst, 12, 31, (2016).




