Research Article
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND DEPRESSION AMONG U.S. YOUNG ADULTS
Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Mental Health; Contract grant number: R25‐MH054318; Contract grant sponsor: National Cancer Institute; Contract grant number: R01‐CA140150.
Abstract
Background
Social media (SM) use is increasing among U.S. young adults, and its association with mental well‐being remains unclear. This study assessed the association between SM use and depression in a nationally representative sample of young adults.
Methods
We surveyed 1,787 adults ages 19 to 32 about SM use and depression. Participants were recruited via random digit dialing and address‐based sampling. SM use was assessed by self‐reported total time per day spent on SM, visits per week, and a global frequency score based on the Pew Internet Research Questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Depression Scale Short Form. Chi‐squared tests and ordered logistic regressions were performed with sample weights.
Results
The weighted sample was 50.3% female and 57.5% White. Compared to those in the lowest quartile of total time per day spent on SM, participants in the highest quartile had significantly increased odds of depression (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.14–2.42) after controlling for all covariates. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, individuals in the highest quartile of SM site visits per week and those with a higher global frequency score had significantly increased odds of depression (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.86–4.04; AOR = 3.05, 95% CI = 2.03–4.59, respectively). All associations between independent variables and depression had strong, linear, dose–response trends. Results were robust to all sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions
SM use was significantly associated with increased depression. Given the proliferation of SM, identifying the mechanisms and direction of this association is critical for informing interventions that address SM use and depression.
Citing Literature
Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 227
- Jacqui Taylor-Jackson, Ahmed A. Moustafa, The relationships between social media use and factors relating to depression, The Nature of Depression, 10.1016/B978-0-12-817676-4.00010-9, (171-182), (2021).
- J. Mitchell Vaterlaus, Alexandra Aylward, Dawn Tarabochia, Jillian D. Martin, “A smartphone made my life easier”: An exploratory study on age of adolescent smartphone acquisition and well-being, Computers in Human Behavior, 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106563, 114, (106563), (2021).
- Ozge Kirezli, Asli Elif Aydin, Understanding Social Media Addiction Through Personal, Social, and Situational Factors, Analyzing Global Social Media Consumption, 10.4018/978-1-7998-4718-2.ch009, (155-182), (2021).
- Jean M. Twenge, Gabrielle N. Martin, Gender differences in associations between digital media use and psychological well-being: Evidence from three large datasets, Journal of Adolescence, 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.12.018, 79, (91-102), (2020).
- Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger, Christian Rominger, Patrick D. Obser, A shy heart may benefit from everyday life social interactions with close others: An ecological momentary assessment trial using Bayesian multilevel modeling, Biological Psychology, 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107864, (107864), (2020).
- Tanya Hawes, Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck, Shawna M. Campbell, Unique associations of social media use and online appearance preoccupation with depression, anxiety, and appearance rejection sensitivity, Body Image, 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.010, 33, (66-76), (2020).
- Saoirse Mac Cárthaigh, Claire Griffin, John Perry, The relationship between sleep and problematic smartphone use among adolescents: A systematic review, Developmental Review, 10.1016/j.dr.2020.100897, 55, (100897), (2020).
- Jack W. Klein, Garrett Tyler‐Parker, Brock Bastian, Measuring psychological distress among Australians using an online survey, Australian Journal of Psychology, 10.1111/ajpy.12283, 72, 3, (276-282), (2020).
- Laura A. Stockdale, Sarah M. Coyne, Bored and online: Reasons for using social media, problematic social networking site use, and behavioral outcomes across the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood, Journal of Adolescence, 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.010, 79, (173-183), (2020).
- Gaby Ramia, Michelle Peterie, Roger Patulny, Greg Marston, Networks, case managers, and the job‐search experiences of unemployed people, Social Policy & Administration, 10.1111/spol.12575, 54, 5, (765-776), (2020).
- Md. Aminul Islam, Bezon Kumar, Nexus Between Social Network, Social Media Use, and Loneliness, Innovative Management and Business Practices in Asia, 10.4018/978-1-7998-1566-2.ch012, (228-243), (2020).
- Kimberly Rose Clark, A field with a view: Ethical considerations for the fields of consumer neuroscience and neuromarketing, , 10.1016/bs.dnb.2020.03.002, (2020).
- Viktor Schønning, Leif Edvard Aarø, Jens Christoffer Skogen, Central themes, core concepts and knowledge gaps concerning social media use, and mental health and well-being among adolescents: a protocol of a scoping review of published literature, BMJ Open, 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031105, 10, 1, (e031105), (2020).
- Eoin Whelan, Does a Social Media Abstinence Really Reduce Stress? A Research-in-Progress Study Using Salivary Biomarkers, Information Systems and Neuroscience, 10.1007/978-3-030-28144-1_2, (13-18), (2020).
- David L. Hill, Social Media: Anticipatory Guidance, Pediatrics in Review, 10.1542/pir.2018-0236, 41, 3, (112-119), (2020).
- Nicol Holtzhausen, Keersten Fitzgerald, Ishaan Thakur, Jack Ashley, Margaret Rolfe, Sabrina Winona Pit, Swipe-based dating applications use and its association with mental health outcomes: a cross-sectional study, BMC Psychology, 10.1186/s40359-020-0373-1, 8, 1, (2020).
- Julia Brailovskaia, Fabienne Ströse, Holger Schillack, Jürgen Margraf, Less Facebook use – More well-being and a healthier lifestyle? An experimental intervention study, Computers in Human Behavior, 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106332, 108, (106332), (2020).
- Sahla Sathar, SGanesh Kumar, Srikanta Kanungo, Non-scholastic qualities and their association with social media usage among medical students in Puducherry, India, Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_197_19, 42, 2, (136), (2020).
- Yolanda (Linda) Reid Chassiakos, Margaret Stager, Current trends in digital media: How and why teens use technology, Technology and Adolescent Health, 10.1016/B978-0-12-817319-0.00002-5, (25-56), (2020).
- Brian T. Maurer, Lloyd “Chip” Taylor, The effect of digital media on children in their formative years, Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 10.1097/01.JAA.0000660180.96512.70, 33, 5, (46-51), (2020).
- Dmitri Rozgonjuk, Cornelia Sindermann, Jon D. Elhai, Christian Montag, Fear of missing out (FoMO) and social media’s impact on daily-life and productivity at work: do WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat use disorders mediate that association?, Addictive Behaviors, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106487, (106487), (2020).
- Anushree Tandon, Puneet Kaur, Amandeep Dhir, Matti Mäntymäki, Sleepless due to social media? Investigating problematic sleep due to social media and social media sleep hygiene, Computers in Human Behavior, 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106487, 113, (106487), (2020).
- Jean M. Twenge, Increases in Depression, Self‐Harm, and Suicide Among U.S. Adolescents After 2012 and Links to Technology Use: Possible Mechanisms, Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice, 10.1176/appi.prcp.20190015, 2, 1, (19-25), (2020).
- Hao-Jian Dui, Social Networking Service and Depression: Evidence from China, The Open Psychology Journal, 10.2174/1874350102013010232, 13, 1, (232-241), (2020).
- Christopher C. Frye, Linh G. Ly, Julissa Murrieta, Linda Sun, Courtney S. Cochancela, Elizabeth V. Eikey, Perceived Use and Effects of Social Media for 1 to 2.5 Generation Immigrant College Students with Depression: Results from a Mixed Methods Survey, Sustainable Digital Communities, 10.1007/978-3-030-43687-2_11, (130-150), (2020).
- Richard Millican, Tristan Middleton, , Reconsidering Resilience in Education, 10.1007/978-3-030-49236-6_1, (3), (2020).
- Raju Guntukula, Phanindra Goyari, The impact of climate change on maize yields and its variability in Telangana, India: A panel approach study, Journal of Public Affairs, 10.1002/pa.2088, 20, 3, (2020).
- José A. Franco, L. Mark Carrier, Social media use and depression, anxiety, and stress in Latinos: A correlational study, Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 10.1002/hbe2.205, 2, 3, (227-241), (2020).
- Guangzhe Yuan, Jon D. Elhai, Brian J. Hall, The influence of depressive symptoms and fear of missing out on severity of problematic smartphone use and Internet gaming disorder among Chinese young adults: A three-wave mediation model, Addictive Behaviors, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106648, (106648), (2020).
- Suniya S. Luthar, Bin C. Suh, Ashley M. Ebbert, Nina L. Kumar, Students in High-Achieving Schools: Perils of Pressures to Be “Standouts”, Adversity and Resilience Science, 10.1007/s42844-020-00009-3, 1, 2, (135-147), (2020).
- Renee Engeln, Ryan Loach, Megan N. Imundo, Anne Zola, Compared to Facebook, Instagram use causes more appearance comparison and lower body satisfaction in college women, Body Image, 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.04.007, 34, (38-45), (2020).
- Steven K. Poon, Laura E. Sudano, Impact of Social Media on Mental Health, Mental Health in the Athlete, 10.1007/978-3-030-44754-0, (181-189), (2020).
- Ahuti Das‐Friebel, Anita Lenneis, Anu Realo, Adam Sanborn, Nicole K. Y. Tang, Dieter Wolke, Adrian Mühlenen, Sakari Lemola, Bedtime social media use, sleep, and affective wellbeing in young adults: an experience sampling study, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10.1111/jcpp.13326, 61, 10, (1138-1149), (2020).
- Kira E. Riehm, Calliope Holingue, Luther G. Kalb, Daniel Bennett, Arie Kapteyn, Qin Jiang, Cindy B. Veldhuis, Renee M. Johnson, M. Daniele Fallin, Frauke Kreuter, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Johannes Thrul, Associations Between Media Exposure and Mental Distress Among U.S. Adults at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.008, (2020).
- Hassan Ebrahimpour Sadagheyani, Farin Tatari, Investigating the role of social media on mental health, Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 10.1108/MHSI-06-2020-0039, ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print, (2020).
- Hua Pang, Unraveling the influence of passive and active WeChat interactions on upward social comparison and negative psychological consequences among university students, Telematics and Informatics, 10.1016/j.tele.2020.101510, (101510), (2020).
- Arwid Lund, Mariano Zukerfeld, Arwid Lund, Mariano Zukerfeld, Introduction, Corporate Capitalism's Use of Openness, 10.1007/978-3-030-28219-6, (1-27), (2020).
- C Blease, C Locher, M Leon-Carlyle, M Doraiswamy, Artificial intelligence and the future of psychiatry: Qualitative findings from a global physician survey, DIGITAL HEALTH, 10.1177/2055207620968355, 6, (205520762096835), (2020).
- Liang Wang, Xianchen Liu, Zhen-Zhen Liu, Cun-Xian Jia, Digital media use and subsequent self-harm during a 1-year follow-up of Chinese adolescents, Journal of Affective Disorders, 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.066, (2020).
- Sudha Tushara Sadasivuni, Yanqing Zhang, undefined, 2020 IEEE International Conference on Humanized Computing and Communication with Artificial Intelligence (HCCAI), 10.1109/HCCAI49649.2020.00013, (47-50), (2020).
- Fengsu Hou, Fengying Bi, Rong Jiao, Dan Luo, Kangxing Song, Gender differences of depression and anxiety among social media users during the COVID-19 outbreak in China:a cross-sectional study, BMC Public Health, 10.1186/s12889-020-09738-7, 20, 1, (2020).
- Mehdi Akbari, Elahe Zamani, Giulia Fioravanti, Silvia Casale, Psychometric Properties of the Metacognitions about Smartphone Use Questionnaire (MSUQ) in a Sample of Iranians, Addictive Behaviors, 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106722, (106722), (2020).
- Sophia Choukas-Bradley, Jacqueline Nesi, Laura Widman, Brian M. Galla, The Appearance-Related Social Media Consciousness Scale: Development and validation with adolescents, Body Image, 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.017, 33, (164-174), (2020).
- Karin K. De Angelis, Ryan Kelty, Morten G. Ender, David E. Rohall, Michael D. Matthews, Ubiquity with a Dark Side: Civil-Military Gaps in Social Media Usage, Social Media and the Armed Forces, 10.1007/978-3-030-47511-6_2, (15-30), (2020).
- Hae Yeon Lee, Jeremy P. Jamieson, Harry T. Reis, Christopher G. Beevers, Robert A. Josephs, Michael C. Mullarkey, Joseph M. O’Brien, David S. Yeager, Getting Fewer “Likes” Than Others on Social Media Elicits Emotional Distress Among Victimized Adolescents, Child Development, 10.1111/cdev.13422, 91, 6, (2141-2159), (2020).
- Sergazy Narynov, Kanat Kozhakhmet, Daniyar Mukhtarkhanuly, Aizhan Sambetbayeva, Batyrkhan Omarov, Artificial Intelligence in Detecting Suicidal Content on Russian-Language Social Networks, Advances in Computational Collective Intelligence, 10.1007/978-3-030-63119-2_66, (811-820), (2020).
- Dimitra Hartas, Dimitra Hartas, Teenage Play and Peer Interactions: Virtual, Social and Emotional Geographies, Young People's Play, Wellbeing and Learning, 10.1007/978-3-030-60001-3, (1-31), (2020).
- Hilary Holmes, Alba E. Lara, Gregory S. Brown, Social Media Use in College-age Youth: A Comprehensive Review and a Call to Action, Current Psychopharmacology, 10.2174/2211556009999200408112951, 9, 2, (128-143), (2020).
- James M. Parrish, Nathaniel W. Jenkins, Dil V. Patel, Sailee S. Karmarkar, Joon S. Yoo, Eric H. Lamoutte, Kern Singh, Demographic and Perioperative Factors Associated With Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Survey Completion, Clinical Spine Surgery: A Spine Publication, 10.1097/BSD.0000000000000998, Publish Ahead of Print, (2020).
- Rosie Jean Marks, Alexander De Foe, James Collett, The pursuit of wellness: Social media, body image and eating disorders, Children and Youth Services Review, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105659, 119, (105659), (2020).
- Lei Zhao, Changyong Liang, Dongxiao Gu, Mobile Social Media Use and Trailing Parents’ Life Satisfaction: Social Capital and Social Integration Perspective, The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 10.1177/0091415020905549, (009141502090554), (2020).
- Joanna E. Bettmann, Gretchen Anstadt, Bryan Casselman, Kamala Ganesh, Young Adult Depression and Anxiety Linked to Social Media Use: Assessment and Treatment, Clinical Social Work Journal, 10.1007/s10615-020-00752-1, (2020).
- Jude P. Mikal, Michael J. Beckstrand, Stuart W. Grande, Elise Parks, Mosunmoluwa Oyenuga, Tolulope Odebunmi, Olasunmbo Okedele, Bert Uchino, Keith Horvath, Online Support Seeking and Breast Cancer Patients: Changes in Support Seeking Behavior following Diagnosis and Transition off Cancer Therapy, Health Communication, 10.1080/10410236.2020.1712519, (1-10), (2020).
- Jude P. Mikal, Michael J. Beckstrand, Elise Parks, Mosunmoluwa Oyenuga, Tolulope Odebunmi, Olasunmbo Okedele, Bert Uchino, Keith Horvath, Online social support among breast cancer patients: longitudinal changes to Facebook use following breast cancer diagnosis and transition off therapy, Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 10.1007/s11764-019-00847-w, (2020).
- Alex J. Holte, F. Richard Ferraro, True colors: Grayscale setting reduces screen time in college students, The Social Science Journal, 10.1080/03623319.2020.1737461, (1-17), (2020).
- Jean M. Twenge, Thomas E. Joiner, Megan L. Rogers, Gabrielle N. Martin, Considering All of the Data on Digital-Media Use and Depressive Symptoms: Response to Ophir et al., Clinical Psychological Science, 10.1177/2167702619898179, (216770261989817), (2020).
- Mirko Duradoni, Federico Innocenti, Andrea Guazzini, Well-Being and Social Media: A Systematic Review of Bergen Addiction Scales, Future Internet, 10.3390/fi12020024, 12, 2, (24), (2020).
- Adel AYAD, Abdulkadir KARACI, Adaptation of the Media and Technology Usage Scale and Attitude Scale inArab Countries, European Journal of Science and Technology, 10.31590/ejosat.670527, (389-400), (2020).
- Holly A. Swartz, Danielle M. Novick, Psychotherapy in the Digital Age: What We Can Learn From Interpersonal Psychotherapy, American Journal of Psychotherapy, 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190040, (appi.psychother), (2020).
- Gary Tang, Eva P. W. Hung, Ho-Kong Christopher Au-Yeung, Samson Yuen, Politically Motivated Internet Addiction: Relationships among Online Information Exposure, Internet Addiction, FOMO, Psychological Well-being, and Radicalism in Massive Political Turbulence, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10.3390/ijerph17020633, 17, 2, (633), (2020).
- Qian Huang, Wei Peng, Soyeon Ahn, When media become the mirror: a meta-analysis on media and body image, Media Psychology, 10.1080/15213269.2020.1737545, (1-53), (2020).
- John A. Naslund, Ameya Bondre, John Torous, Kelly A. Aschbrenner, Social Media and Mental Health: Benefits, Risks, and Opportunities for Research and Practice, Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 10.1007/s41347-020-00134-x, (2020).
- Jacquelyn H. Flaskerud, Loneliness, Social Isolation, Morbidity and Social Networks, Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 10.1080/01612840.2019.1705947, (1-5), (2020).
- Greta Buda, Justė Lukoševičiūtė, Laura Šalčiūnaitė, Kastytis Šmigelskas, Possible Effects of Social Media Use on Adolescent Health Behaviors and Perceptions, Psychological Reports, 10.1177/0033294120922481, (003329412092248), (2020).
- Eilin K. Erevik, Ståle Pallesen, Øystein Vedaa, Cecilie S. Andreassen, Amandeep Dhir, Torbjørn Torsheim, General and Alcohol-Related Social Media Use and Mental Health: a Large-Sample Longitudinal Study, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10.1007/s11469-020-00296-y, (2020).
- Michael J. Pellicane, Jennifer A. Cooks, Jeffrey A. Ciesla, Longitudinal effects of social media experiences on depression and anxiety in LGB+ and heterosexual young adults, Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 10.1080/19359705.2020.1776805, (1-26), (2020).
- Lorna Brown, Daria J. Kuss, Fear of Missing Out, Mental Wellbeing, and Social Connectedness: A Seven-Day Social Media Abstinence Trial, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10.3390/ijerph17124566, 17, 12, (4566), (2020).
- Ramin Mojtabai, Mark Olfson, National Trends in Mental Health Care for US Adolescents, JAMA Psychiatry, 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0279, (2020).
- Tülay ŞAHİN, Erdinç BALLI, ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIKLARI, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10.46482/ebyuiibfdergi.731264, 2, 1, (6-7), (2020).
- Femke Geusens, Kathleen Beullens, Triple spirals? A three-wave panel study on the longitudinal associations between social media use and young individuals’ alcohol consumption, Media Psychology, 10.1080/15213269.2020.1804404, (1-26), (2020).
- Bruno P. C. Smirmaul, Regina Fumanti Chamon, Fabiano Moulin de Moraes, Gabriel Rozin, Annie Seixas Bello Moreira, Roberto de Almeida, Sley Tanigawa Guimarães, Lifestyle Medicine During (and After) the COVID-19 Pandemic, American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 10.1177/1559827620950276, (155982762095027), (2020).
- Ryan Hamilton, Rosellina Ferraro, Kelly L. Haws, Anirban Mukhopadhyay, Traveling with Companions: The Social Customer Journey, Journal of Marketing, 10.1177/0022242920908227, (002224292090822), (2020).
- Jean M. Twenge, Eric Farley, Not all screen time is created equal: associations with mental health vary by activity and gender, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 10.1007/s00127-020-01906-9, (2020).
- Thomas Clavier, Benjamin Popoff, Jean Selim, Marion Beuzelin, Mélanie Roussel, Vincent Compère, Benoit Veber, Emmanuel Besnier, Social networking is associated with increased anxiety related to COVID-19 pandemic in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine teams: a web-based survey (Preprint), JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 10.2196/23153, (2020).
- Xingchen Zhou, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau, Chi-Lan Yang, Xiaofei Zhou, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Short-Term Abstinence Intervention for Problematic Social Media Use: Improved Well-Being and Underlying Mechanisms, Psychiatric Quarterly, 10.1007/s11126-020-09852-0, (2020).
- Andrea Bonassi, Ilaria Cataldo, Giulio Gabrieli, Jia N. Foo, Bruno Lepri, Gianluca Esposito, Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Early Parental Bonding Interact in Shaping Instagram Social Behavior, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10.3390/ijerph17197232, 17, 19, (7232), (2020).
- Shaniece Criss, Eli K. Michaels, Kamra Solomon, Amani M. Allen, Thu T. Nguyen, Twitter Fingers and Echo Chambers: Exploring Expressions and Experiences of Online Racism Using Twitter, Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 10.1007/s40615-020-00894-5, (2020).
- Tsukasa Ueno, Kazushi Ito, Toshiya Murai, Hironobu Fujiwara, Mental Health Problems and Their Association With Internet Use in Medical Residents, Frontiers in Public Health, 10.3389/fpubh.2020.587390, 8, (2020).
- Mara Moujaes, Diarmuid Verrier, Instagram Use, InstaMums, and Anxiety in Mothers of Young Children, Journal of Media Psychology, 10.1027/1864-1105/a000282, (1-10), (2020).
- Ariel Shensa, Jaime E. Sidani, Beth L. Hoffman, Cesar G. Escobar-Viera, Eleanna M. Melcher, Brian A. Primack, Sara P. Myers, Jessica G. Burke, Positive and Negative Social Media Experiences Among Young Adults With and Without Depressive Symptoms, Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 10.1007/s41347-020-00175-2, (2020).
- Saowanee Thongnopakun, Sawitree Visanuyothin, Mereerat Manwong, Yuvadee Rodjarkpai, Pichitra Patipat,
Promoting Health Literacy to Prevent Depression Among Workers in Industrial Factories in the Eastern Economic Corridor of Thailand
, Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 10.2147/JMDH.S272574, Volume 13, (1443-1453), (2020). - Iina Savolainen, Markus Kaakinen, Anu Sirola, Aki Koivula, Heli Hagfors, Izabela Zych, Hye-Jin Paek, Atte Oksanen, Online Relationships and Social Media Interaction in Youth Problem Gambling: A Four-Country Study, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10.3390/ijerph17218133, 17, 21, (8133), (2020).
- Jaime E. Sidani, Ariel Shensa, César G. Escobar-Viera, Brian A. Primack, Associations between Comparison on Social Media and Depressive Symptoms: A Study of Young Parents, Journal of Child and Family Studies, 10.1007/s10826-020-01805-2, (2020).
- Nicole Wilke, Amanda Hiles Howard, Meredith Morgan, Martha Hardin, Adverse childhood experiences and problematic media use: the roles of attachment and impulsivity, Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 10.1080/17450128.2020.1734706, (1-12), (2020).
- Nigel Harriman, Neil Shortland, Max Su, Tyler Cote, Marcia A. Testa, Elena Savoia, Youth Exposure to Hate in the Online Space: An Exploratory Analysis, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10.3390/ijerph17228531, 17, 22, (8531), (2020).
- Ana-Nicoleta Grigore, Alexandra Maftei, Exploring the Mediating Roles of State and Trait Anxiety on the Relationship between Middle Adolescents’ Cyberbullying and Depression, Children, 10.3390/children7110240, 7, 11, (240), (2020).
- Boyu Zhang, Anis Zaman, Ehsan Hoque, Vincent Silenzio, Henry Kautz, The Relationships of Deteriorating Depression and Anxiety with Longitudinal Behavioral Changes in Google and YouTube Usages among College Students in the United States during COVID-19: Observational Study (Preprint), JMIR Mental Health, 10.2196/24012, (2020).
- Rungrot Cherdtrakulkiat, Apilak Worachartcheewan, Srisurang Tantimavanich, Ratana Lawung, Nujarin Sinthupoom, Supaluk Prachayasittikul, Somsak Ruchirawat, Virapong Prachayasittikul, Discovery of novel halogenated 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐based anti‐MRSA agents: In vitro and QSAR studies, Drug Development Research, 10.1002/ddr.21611, 81, 1, (127-135), (2019).
- Alisa Manske, Stefanie J. Schmidt, Mediatoren der problematischen Nutzung sozialer Medien im Jugendalter als mögliche Wirkmechanismen von psychotherapeutischen Interventionen, Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 10.13109/prkk.2019.68.8.690, 68, 8, (690-710), (2019).
- Yaron Sela, Merav Zach, Yair Amichay-Hamburger, Moshe Mishali, Haim Omer, Family Environment and Problematic Internet Use among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Depression and Fear of Missing Out, Computers in Human Behavior, 10.1016/j.chb.2019.106226, (106226), (2019).
- Pizzo A., Drobinin V., Sandstrom A., Zwicker A., Howes Vallis E., Fine A., Rempel S., Stephens M., Howard C., Villars K., MacKenzie L.E., Propper L., Abidi S., Lovas D., Bagnell A., Cumby J., Alda M., Uher R., Pavlova B., Active Behaviours and Screen Time in Offspring of Parents with Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Psychiatry Research, 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112709, (112709), (2019).
- Eric E. Rasmussen, Narissra Punyanunt-Carter, Jenna R. LaFreniere, Mary S. Norman, Thomas G. Kimball, The serially mediated relationship between emerging adults’ social media use and mental well-being, Computers in Human Behavior, 10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.019, (2019).
- Alese M. Nelson, Raymond Fleming, Gender differences in diet and social media: An explorative study, Appetite, 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104383, (104383), (2019).
- Jean M Twenge, Why increases in adolescent depression may be linked to the technological environment, Current Opinion in Psychology, 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.036, (2019).
- Ade Kearns, Elise Whitley, Associations of internet access with social integration, wellbeing and physical activity among adults in deprived communities: evidence from a household survey, BMC Public Health, 10.1186/s12889-019-7199-x, 19, 1, (2019).
- Jinhai Huo, Kea Turner, Social Media in Health Communication, Social Web and Health Research, 10.1007/978-3-030-14714-3, (53-82), (2019).
- Mohammad Shahid Husain, Social Media Analytics to Predict Depression Level in the Users, Early Detection of Neurological Disorders Using Machine Learning Systems, 10.4018/978-1-5225-8567-1.ch011, (199-215), (2019).
- Sourav Sengupta, Michael Adragna, Technological Strategies to Address Psychiatric Nonadherence, Psychiatric Nonadherence, 10.1007/978-3-030-12665-0, (201-212), (2019).
- Semiha Aydin Ozkan, Didem Simsek Kucukkelepce, Do university students' personality traits affect their attitudes towards gender roles?, Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 10.1111/ppc.12375, 55, 4, (562-569), (2019).
- Donald C. Voaklander, Patrick Norman, James A. Dosman, Andrew Day, Robert J. Brison, Niels Koehncke, William Pickett, Determinants of injury among older Saskatchewan farm operators: A prospective cohort study, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 10.1002/ajim.23052, 62, 12, (1135-1143), (2019).
- See more
