Research Article
How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world†
†
This research was conducted by Phillippa Lally when she held a Medical Research Council PhD studentship and has been written up during an Economic and Social Research Council postdoctoral fellowship.
Abstract
To investigate the process of habit formation in everyday life, 96 volunteers chose an eating, drinking or activity behaviour to carry out daily in the same context (for example ‘after breakfast’) for 12 weeks. They completed the self‐report habit index (SRHI) each day and recorded whether they carried out the behaviour. The majority (82) of participants provided sufficient data for analysis, and increases in automaticity (calculated with a sub‐set of SRHI items) were examined over the study period. Nonlinear regressions fitted an asymptotic curve to each individual's automaticity scores over the 84 days. The model fitted for 62 individuals, of whom 39 showed a good fit. Performing the behaviour more consistently was associated with better model fit. The time it took participants to reach 95% of their asymptote of automaticity ranged from 18 to 254 days; indicating considerable variation in how long it takes people to reach their limit of automaticity and highlighting that it can take a very long time. Missing one opportunity to perform the behaviour did not materially affect the habit formation process. With repetition of a behaviour in a consistent context, automaticity increases following an asymptotic curve which can be modelled at the individual level. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citing Literature
Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 542
- , Designing with the Mind in Mind, 10.1016/B978-0-12-818202-4.16001-5, (275), (2021).
- Yun Ye, S.C. Wong, Fanyu Meng, Pengpeng Xu, Right-looking habit and maladaptation of pedestrians in areas with unfamiliar driving rules, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105921, 150, (105921), (2021).
- Cynthia M. Montaudon-Tomas, Ingrid N. Pinto-López, Alicia L. Yañez-Moneda, Anna Amsler, The Effects of Remote Work on Family Relationships, Future of Work, Work-Family Satisfaction, and Employee Well-Being in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, 10.4018/978-1-7998-3347-5.ch003, (30-52), (2021).
- Valerie J. Rice, Cory Overby, Which Mindfulness Meditation Delivery Method Yields the Greatest Benefits?, Advances in Human Error, Reliability, Resilience, and Performance, 10.1007/978-3-030-20037-4_17, (184-195), (2020).
- Suzanne Phelan, Tate Halfman, Angela Marinilli Pinto, Gary D. Foster, Behavioral and Psychological Strategies of Long‐Term Weight Loss Maintainers in a Widely Available Weight Management Program, Obesity, 10.1002/oby.22685, 28, 2, (421-428), (2020).
- Matthew D. Cravens, Measuring the strength of voter turnout habits, Electoral Studies, 10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102117, 64, (102117), (2020).
- Chia-Chen Chen, Kuo-Lun Hsiao, Wan-Chen Li, Exploring the determinants of usage continuance willingness for location-based apps: A case study of bicycle-based exercise apps, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102097, 55, (102097), (2020).
- Rebecca Overmeyer, Sophia Fürtjes, Karen D. Ersche, Stefan Ehrlich, Tanja Endrass, Self-regulation is negatively associated with habit tendencies: A validation of the German Creature of Habit Scale, Personality and Individual Differences, 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110029, 163, (110029), (2020).
- V. Legkauskas, Recommendations for ‘responsible behaviour’ is not a sufficient policy tool in public health emergencies, Public Health, 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.026, 183, (15), (2020).
- Kun Gao, Ying Yang, Lijun Sun, Xiaobo Qu, Revealing psychological inertia in mode shift behavior and its quantitative influences on commuting trips, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 10.1016/j.trf.2020.04.006, 71, (272-287), (2020).
- Daniel J. Brown, Martin S. Hagger, Kyra Hamilton, The Mediating Role of Reasoned-Action and Automatic Processes from Past-to-Future Behavior, Social Science & Medicine, 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113085, (113085), (2020).
- Amanda L. Rebar, Benjamin Gardner, Bas Verplanken, Habit in Exercise Behavior, Handbook of Sport Psychology, 10.1002/9781119568124, (986-998), (2020).
- Marc Smith, Marc Smith, Creating good habits, Becoming Buoyant, 10.4324/9781003008033, (73-88), (2020).
- Benjamin Gardner, Phillippa Lally, Amanda L. Rebar, Does habit weaken the relationship between intention and behaviour? Revisiting the habit‐intention interaction hypothesis, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10.1111/spc3.12553, 14, 8, (2020).
- Liz Hathaway, Mckenzie Gregg, Making Health a Habit, ACSM'S Health & Fitness Journal, 10.1249/FIT.0000000000000579, 24, 4, (43-45), (2020).
- Benjamin Gardner, Amanda L. Rebar, Phillippa Lally, Habit Interventions, The Handbook of Behavior Change, 10.1017/9781108677318, (599-616), (2020).
- Joshua C. Hollingsworth, Kaelin C. Young, Siraj F. Abdullah, Danielle D. Wadsworth, Ahmad Abukhader, Bari Elfenbein, Zachary Holley, Protocol for Minute Calisthenics: a randomized controlled study of a daily, habit-based, bodyweight resistance training program, BMC Public Health, 10.1186/s12889-020-09355-4, 20, 1, (2020).
- Matthew J. Beck, David A. Hensher, Insights into the impact of COVID-19 on household travel and activities in Australia – The early days of easing restrictions, Transport Policy, 10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.08.004, (2020).
- Wonjung Kim, Seungchul Lee, Seonghoon Kim, Sungbin Jo, Chungkuk Yoo, Inseok Hwang, Seungwoo Kang, Junehwa Song, Dyadic Mirror, Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 10.1145/3411815, 4, 3, (1-29), (2020).
- Gonzalo Marchant, Philippe Servajean, Virginie Nicaise, Julie Boiché, Automaticity facets applied to screen-time sedentary behaviours and active commuting measured by accelerometers, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 10.1080/21642850.2020.1820342, 8, 1, (423-439), (2020).
- Elizaveta Novoradovskaya, Barbara Mullan, Penelope Hasking, Hannah Uren, My Cup of Tea: Behaviour Change Intervention to Promote Use of Reusable Hot Drink Cups, Journal of Cleaner Production, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124675, (124675), (2020).
- Chloe Grimmett, Claire Foster, Katherine Bradbury, Phillippa Lally, Carl R May, Michelle Myall, Bernardine Pinto, Teresa Corbett, Exploring maintenance of physical activity behaviour change among people living with and beyond gastrointestinal cancer: a cross-sectional qualitative study and typology, BMJ Open, 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037136, 10, 10, (e037136), (2020).
- Jian Li, Jian Li, Measurement Validity for Each Scale of Global Competence for Individual, Comprehensive Global Competence for World-Class Universities in China, 10.1007/978-981-15-1640-5_10, (131-141), (2020).
- Anil Mathur, Preecha Yingwattanakul, Randall Shannon, Euehun Lee, Cristiane Pizzutti, Using the life course approach to explain the onset and continuity of preventive health-care behaviors: A comparative study across four countries, Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 10.1080/21639159.2019.1613907, 30, 1, (45-59), (2020).
- Martin Camiré, Kelsey Kendellen, Scott Rathwell, Stéphanie Turgeon, Evaluating the Coaching for Life Skills online training program: A randomised controlled trial, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101649, (101649), (2020).
- Franziska Kramer, Sarah Labudek, Carl-Philipp Jansen, Corinna Nerz, Lena Fleig, Lindy Clemson, Clemens Becker, Michael Schwenk, Development of a conceptual framework for a group-based format of the Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (gLiFE) programme and its initial feasibility testing, Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 10.1186/s40814-019-0539-x, 6, 1, (2020).
- Eungkyoon Lee, Myounggu Kang, Jaemin Song, Myunghoon Kang, From intention to action: Habits, feedback and optimizing energy consumption in South Korea, Energy Research & Social Science, 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101430, 64, (101430), (2020).
- Takeo Higuchi, Shozo Saegusa, Daehyun Kim, Using the Idea-Marathon System (IMS) in University Education and Creativity Development, Handbook of Giftedness and Talent Development in the Asia-Pacific, 10.1007/978-981-13-3021-6_52-1, (1-28), (2020).
- Sander Hermsen, Amber Ronteltap, Gedragsverandering, Handboek leefstijlgeneeskunde, 10.1007/978-90-368-2324-1, (271-282), (2020).
- Lorraine L. Landais, Olga C. Damman, Linda J. Schoonmade, Danielle R. M. Timmermans, Evert A. L. M. Verhagen, Judith G. M. Jelsma, Choice architecture interventions to change physical activity and sedentary behavior: a systematic review of effects on intention, behavior and health outcomes during and after intervention, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10.1186/s12966-020-00942-7, 17, 1, (2020).
- Amir Ebrahimi Fard, Rijk Mercuur, Virginia Dignum, Catholijn M. Jonker, Bartel van de Walle, Towards Agent-Based Models of Rumours in Organizations: A Social Practice Theory Approach, Advances in Social Simulation, 10.1007/978-3-030-34127-5_13, (141-153), (2020).
- Diego Garaialde, Christopher P. Bowers, Charlie Pinder, Priyal Shah, Shashwat Parashar, Leigh Clark, Benjamin R. Cowan, Quantifying the Impact of Making and Breaking Interface Habits, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102461, (102461), (2020).
- Wenli Chen, Tak Wai Chan, Lung Hsiang Wong, Chee Kit Looi, Calvin C. Y. Liao, Hercy N. H. Cheng, Su Luan Wong, Jon Mason, Hyo-Jeong So, Sahana Murthy, Xiaoqing Gu, Zhongling Pi, IDC theory: habit and the habit loop, Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 10.1186/s41039-020-00127-7, 15, 1, (2020).
- Sherri L. Katz, Valerie G. Kirk, Joanna E. MacLean, Glenda N. Bendiak, Mary-Ann Harrison, Nicholas Barrowman, Lynda Hoey, Linda Horwood, Stasia Hadjiyannakis, Laurent Legault, Bethany J. Foster, Evelyn Constantin, Factors related to positive airway pressure therapy adherence in children with obesity and sleep-disordered breathing, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 10.5664/jcsm.8336, 16, 5, (733-741), (2020).
- Ludmila Matysková, Brian Rogers, Jakub Steiner, Keh-Kuan Sun, Habits as adaptations: An experimental study, Games and Economic Behavior, 10.1016/j.geb.2020.04.013, (2020).
- Alexandra Pepin, Pascal Imbeault, Les édulcorants de la controverse, médecine/sciences, 10.1051/medsci/2020079, 36, 5, (472-478), (2020).
- Victor Allen, Victor Allen, Strategies on specific issues for everyday classroom use, Supporting Behavioural, Emotional and Social Difficulties in School, 10.4324/9780429324345, (83-132), (2020).
- Patricia Baudier, Galina Kondrateva, Chantal Ammi, The future of Telemedicine Cabin? The case of the French students’ acceptability, Futures, 10.1016/j.futures.2020.102595, (2020).
- Diane Drexler, Using a Nursing Professional Governance Approach to Improve Nurse Satisfaction and Participation With Health Information Technology, Nurse Leader, 10.1016/j.mnl.2020.03.003, 18, 3, (276-280), (2020).
- Bente Skovsby Toft, Claus Vinther Nielsen, Lisbeth Uhrenfeldt, Balancing one's mood: experiences of physical activity in adults with severe obesity 18 months after lifestyle intervention, Zeitschrift für Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen, 10.1016/j.zefq.2020.05.004, (2020).
- Sandra Lopez-Leon, Diego A. Forero, Paola Ruiz-Díaz, Recommendations for working from home during the pandemic (and beyond), Work, 10.3233/WOR-203187, (1-5), (2020).
- Jonas Gehrlein, Ann-Kathrin Crede, Nana Adrian, The impact of markets on moral reasoning: Evidence from an online experiment, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 10.1016/j.socec.2020.101577, 87, (101577), (2020).
- M.J., Sharman, K., Ball, S., Greaves, K.A., Jose, M., Morse, L., Blizzard, G., Wells, A.J., Venn, A.J., Palmer, D., Lester, J., Williams, S., Harpur, V.J., Cleland, trips4health: Protocol of a single-blinded randomised controlled trial incentivising adults to use public transport for physical activity gain, Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100619, (100619), (2020).
- Davis Dilla, Jones Ian, Johnson Martin, Howarth Michelle, Astin Felicity, “I don’t do it for myself, I do it for them”: A grounded theory study of South Asians’ experiences of making lifestyle change after myocardial infarction, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 10.1111/jocn.15395, 29, 19-20, (3687-3700), (2020).
- Matthew Rand, Elizabeth Goyder, Paul Norman, Robert Womack, Why do new members stop attending health and fitness venues? The importance of developing frequent and stable attendance behaviour, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101771, (101771), (2020).
- Leigh-Ann McCrum, Sinead Watson, Laura McGowan, Bernadette McGuinness, Christopher Cardwell, Mike Clarke, Jayne V. Woodside, Gerry McKenna, Development and feasibility of a tailored habit-based dietary intervention coupled with natural tooth replacement on the nutritional status of older patients, Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 10.1186/s40814-020-00654-6, 6, 1, (2020).
- María Vanessa Villasana, Ivan Miguel Pires, Juliana Sá, Nuno M. Garcia, Maria Canavarro Teixeira, Eftim Zdravevski, Ivan Chorbev, Petre Lameski, Promotion of Healthy Lifestyles to Teenagers with Mobile Devices: A Case Study in Portugal, Healthcare, 10.3390/healthcare8030315, 8, 3, (315), (2020).
- M.H. Raison, R. Corcoran, G. Burnside, R. Harris, Oral hygiene behaviour automaticity: Are toothbrushing and interdental cleaning habitual behaviours?, Journal of Dentistry, 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103470, 102, (103470), (2020).
- Evan H. Offstein, Ronald L. Dufresne, John S. Childers Jr, Executive coaching explained: the beginnings of a contingency approach, Journal of Management Development, 10.1108/JMD-01-2020-0023, 39, 9/10, (1041-1056), (2020).
- David A. Ellis, , Smartphones within Psychological Science, 10.1017/9781108671408, (2020).
- Julia Duwe, Julia Duwe, Exkurs: Beidhändig durch die Krise, Beidhändige Führung, 10.1007/978-3-662-61572-0, (185-230), (2020).
- Amber Hogan Mitchell, Amber Hogan Mitchell, Institutional and Administrative Controls, Preventing Occupational Exposures to Infectious Disease in Health Care, 10.1007/978-3-030-56039-3, (85-99), (2020).
- , The Handbook of Behavior Change, 10.1017/9781108677318, (2020).
- Bryan Yijia Tan, Michelle Jessica Pereira, Su-Yin Yang, David J. Hunter, Soren Thorgaard Skou, Julian Thumboo, Josip Car, Collaborative model of care between Orthopaedics and allied healthcare professionals in knee osteoarthritis (CONNACT): study protocol for an effectiveness-implementation hybrid randomized control trial, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 10.1186/s12891-020-03695-3, 21, 1, (2020).
- Jessica Walburn, Kirby Sainsbury, Lesley Foster, John Weinman, Myfanwy Morgan, Sam Norton, Martha Canfield, Paul Chadwick, Bob Sarkany, Vera Araújo-Soares, Why? What? How? Using an Intervention Mapping approach to develop a personalised intervention to improve adherence to photoprotection in patients with Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 10.1080/21642850.2020.1819287, 8, 1, (475-500), (2020).
- Daniel Hind, Sarah J Drabble, Madelynne A Arden, Laura Mandefield, Simon Waterhouse, Chin Maguire, Hannah Cantrill, Louisa Robinson, Daniel Beever, Alex Scott, Sam Keating, Marlene Hutchings, Judy Bradley, Julia Nightingale, Mark I Allenby, Jane Dewar, Pauline Whelan, John Ainsworth, Stephen J Walters, Martin J Wildman, Alicia O'Cathain, Feasibility study for supporting medication adherence for adults with cystic fibrosis: mixed-methods process evaluation, BMJ Open, 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039089, 10, 10, (e039089), (2020).
- Rijk Mercuur, Virginia Dignum, Catholijn M. Jonker, Integrating Social Practice Theory in Agent-Based Models: A Review of Theories and Agents, IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, 10.1109/TCSS.2020.3007930, 7, 5, (1131-1145), (2020).
- Susan Lee King Yuan, Letícia Assis Couto, Amélia Pasqual Marques, Effects of a six-week mobile app versus paper book intervention on quality of life, symptoms, and self-care in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized parallel trial, Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.10.003, (2020).
- Meihua Piao, Jeongeun Kim, Hyeongju Ryu, Hyeongsuk Lee, Development and Usability Evaluation of a Healthy Lifestyle Coaching Chatbot Using a Habit Formation Model, Healthcare Informatics Research, 10.4258/hir.2020.26.4.255, 26, 4, (255-264), (2020).
- Atsuko Nakayama, Masatoshi Nagayama, Hiroyuki Morita, Takuya Kawahara, Issei Komuro, Mitsuaki Isobe, The use of geographical analysis in assessing the impact of patients’ home addresses on their participation in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: a prospective cohort study, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 10.1186/s12199-020-00917-x, 25, 1, (2020).
- Phillip H. Phan, Geoffrey Wood, Doomsday Scenarios (or the Black Swan Excuse for Unpreparedness), Academy of Management Perspectives, 10.5465/amp.2020.0133, 34, 4, (425-433), (2020).
- Kristin Aldred Cheek, Nancy M. Wells, Changing Behavior Through Design: A Lab Fume Hood Closure Experiment, Frontiers in Built Environment, 10.3389/fbuil.2019.00146, 5, (2020).
- Marco Stojanovic, Axel Grund, Stefan Fries, App-Based Habit Building Reduces Motivational Impairments During Studying – An Event Sampling Study, Frontiers in Psychology, 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00167, 11, (2020).
- Ines Pfeffer, Tilo Strobach, Influence of a Planning Intervention on Physical Activity Behavior: the Moderating Role of Intentions and Executive Functions in a Randomized Controlled Trial, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 10.1007/s12529-020-09864-x, (2020).
- Logan Fiorella, The Science of Habit and Its Implications for Student Learning and Well-being, Educational Psychology Review, 10.1007/s10648-020-09525-1, (2020).
- Adnan Veysel Ertemel, Ela Ari, A Marketing Approach to a Psychological Problem: Problematic Smartphone Use on Adolescents, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10.3390/ijerph17072471, 17, 7, (2471), (2020).
- Sally Di Maio, Jan Keller, Diana H. Hohl, Ralf Schwarzer, Nina Knoll, Habits and self‐efficacy moderate the effects of intentions and planning on physical activity, British Journal of Health Psychology, 10.1111/bjhp.12452, 0, 0, (2020).
- Enrique L.P Mergelsberg, Barbara A. Mullan, Vanessa Allom, Amelia Scott, An intervention designed to investigate habit formation in a novel health behaviour, Psychology & Health, 10.1080/08870446.2020.1779272, (1-22), (2020).
- Francis Ries, Promoting physical activity as a healthy habit through quality physical education: Does knowledge on habitual behaviours help?, AUC KINANTHROPOLOGICA, 10.14712/23366052.2020.7, 56, 1, (56-61), (2020).
- Caitlin Liddelow, Barbara Mullan, Mark Boyes, Understanding the predictors of medication adherence: applying temporal self-regulation theory, Psychology & Health, 10.1080/08870446.2020.1788715, (1-20), (2020).
- Chairun Wiedyaningsih, Fita Rahmawati, Endang Lukitaningsih, Consumer perception and experience regarding medicine packaging systems: A survey of medicine dispensing for outpatients, Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector, 10.1177/1741134320941552, (174113432094155), (2020).
- Susanne Weyland, Emily Finne, Janina Krell-Roesch, Darko Jekauc, (How) Does Affect Influence the Formation of Habits in Exercise?, Frontiers in Psychology, 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.578108, 11, (2020).
- Jules Pretty, Jo Barton, Nature-Based Interventions and Mind–Body Interventions: Saving Public Health Costs Whilst Increasing Life Satisfaction and Happiness, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10.3390/ijerph17217769, 17, 21, (7769), (2020).
- Timothy Pawl, Juliette L. Ratchford, Sarah A. Schnitker, Growth in patience in Christian Moral Wisdom and contemporary positive psychology, Journal of Beliefs & Values, 10.1080/13617672.2020.1836897, (1-15), (2020).
- Wokje Abrahamse, How to Effectively Encourage Sustainable Food Choices: A Mini-Review of Available Evidence, Frontiers in Psychology, 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.589674, 11, (2020).
- Rafael Monge-Rojas, Cristina Albuquerque Godinho, Benjamín Reyes Fernández, Modelling Longitudinal Directional Associations Between Self-regulation, Physical Activity, and Habit: Results from a Cross-lagged Panel Model, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 10.1007/s12529-020-09936-y, (2020).
- Paula Banca, Daniel McNamee, Thomas Piercy, Qiang Luo, Trevor W. Robbins, A Mobile Phone App for the Generation and Characterization of Motor Habits, Frontiers in Psychology, 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02850, 10, (2020).
- Kyle J. Walters, Jeffrey S. Simons, Force of Habit: the Role of Routinized, Automatic Behaviors along the Path of Self-Regulation and Alcohol-Related Problems, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 10.1007/s12529-019-09845-9, (2020).
- Susanne Colenberg, Tuuli Jylhä, Monique Arkesteijn, The relationship between interior office space and employee health and well-being – a literature review, Building Research & Information, 10.1080/09613218.2019.1710098, (1-15), (2020).
- Rebecca Giallo, Le Ann Williams, Monique Seymour, Chris Jillard, Ryan Peace, Jacquie O’Brien, Kirsty Evans, Stephanie Brown, Catherine Wood, ‘Working Out Dads’ to promote men’s mental and physical health in early fatherhood: A mixed-methods evaluation, Journal of Family Studies, 10.1080/13229400.2020.1729838, (1-22), (2020).
- Pernille Lunde, Asta Bye, Astrid Bergland, Jostein Grimsmo, Even Jarstad, Birgitta Blakstad Nilsson, Long-term follow-up with a smartphone application improves exercise capacity post cardiac rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial, European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 10.1177/2047487320905717, (204748732090571), (2020).
- Maria C. W. Peeters, Elianne F. van Steenbergen, Jan Fekke Ybema, Positive Psychological Micro-Interventions to Improve the Work–Family Interface: Use Your Resources and Count Your Blessings, Frontiers in Psychology, 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00275, 11, (2020).
- Filipe Rodrigues, Diogo S. Teixeira, Henrique P. Neiva, Luís Cid, Diogo Monteiro, Understanding Exercise Adherence: The Predictability of Past Experience and Motivational Determinants, Brain Sciences, 10.3390/brainsci10020098, 10, 2, (98), (2020).
- Anouk van der Weiden, Jeroen Benjamins, Marleen Gillebaart, Jan Fekke Ybema, Denise de Ridder, How to Form Good Habits? A Longitudinal Field Study on the Role of Self-Control in Habit Formation, Frontiers in Psychology, 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00560, 11, (2020).
- Hamdi Aloulou, Mounir Mokhtari, Bessam Abdulrazak, Pilot Site Deployment of an IoT Solution for Older Adults’ Early Behavior Change Detection, Sensors, 10.3390/s20071888, 20, 7, (1888), (2020).
- Sam Sims, Harry Fletcher-Wood, Identifying the characteristics of effective teacher professional development: a critical review, School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 10.1080/09243453.2020.1772841, (1-17), (2020).
- Memoona Arshad, Nicole Carnt, Jacqueline Tan, Fiona Stapleton, Compliance behaviour change in contact lens wearers: a randomised controlled trial, Eye, 10.1038/s41433-020-1015-9, (2020).
- Arie W. Kruglanski, Ewa Szumowska, Habitual Behavior Is Goal-Driven, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10.1177/1745691620917676, (174569162091767), (2020).
- Candice Howarth, Peter Bryant, Adam Corner, Sam Fankhauser, Andy Gouldson, Lorraine Whitmarsh, Rebecca Willis, Building a Social Mandate for Climate Action: Lessons from COVID-19, Environmental and Resource Economics, 10.1007/s10640-020-00446-9, (2020).
- Spencer Lessans, Xamil Vega, Brandon Foley, Alexia Bossan, Alexandra Baker, Mitchell McElroy, Eloisa Crouse, Magdalena Pasarica, A patient-centredness improvement study for efficacy of behaviour change for healthy lifestyle and weight loss in a student-run free clinic, Family Practice, 10.1093/fampra/cmaa057, (2020).
- Jackie Hammill, Thinh Nguyen, Fiona Henderson, Student engagement: The impact of positive psychology interventions on students, Active Learning in Higher Education, 10.1177/1469787420950589, (146978742095058), (2020).
- Kwok Hong Law, James A Dimmock, Ashleigh L Thornton, Joanna C Nicholas, Gordon Ho, Daniel F Gucciardi, Kym J Guelfi, Ben Jackson, ‘They deserve a treat’: the nature and antecedents of parental licensing surrounding children’s physical activity, Public Health Nutrition, 10.1017/S1368980020002554, (1-11), (2020).
- Haywantee Ramkissoon, COVID-19 Place Confinement, Pro-Social, Pro-environmental Behaviors, and Residents’ Wellbeing: A New Conceptual Framework, Frontiers in Psychology, 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02248, 11, (2020).
- Femke P. M. Hoevenaars, Charlotte M. M. Berendsen, Wilrike J. Pasman, Tim J. van den Broek, Emmanuel Barrat, Iris M. de Hoogh, Suzan Wopereis, Evaluation of Food-Intake Behavior in a Healthy Population: Personalized vs. One-Size-Fits-All, Nutrients, 10.3390/nu12092819, 12, 9, (2819), (2020).
- Rikke Aune Asbjørnsen, Jobke Wentzel, Mirjam Lien Smedsrød, Jøran Hjelmesæth, Matthew M. Clark, Lise Solberg Nes, Julia E.W.C. Van Gemert-Pijnen, Design for Long-term Weight Loss Maintenance: Identifying Persuasive Design Principles and Behavior Change Techniques Supporting End-user Values and Needs in eHealth Interventions (Preprint), Journal of Medical Internet Research, 10.2196/22598, (2020).
- Qin Xiang Ng, Michelle Lee Zhi Qing De Deyn, Wee Song Yeo, Do face masks help? is not the question, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.1073/pnas.2012241117, (202012241), (2020).
- Anna Kitunen, Julia Carins, Sharyn Rundle-Thiele, Motivating Military Trainee Healthy Eating: Insight from Two Sites, Foods, 10.3390/foods9081053, 9, 8, (1053), (2020).
- Dawn Garbett, Lynn Thomas, Developing inter-collegial friendships to sustain professional wellbeing in the academy, Teachers and Teaching, 10.1080/13540602.2020.1832062, (1-12), (2020).
- M. Mohajeri, A. Ardeshir, M. T. Banki, H. Malekitabar, Discovering causality patterns of unsafe behavior leading to fall hazards on construction sites, International Journal of Construction Management, 10.1080/15623599.2020.1839704, (1-11), (2020).
- Owen Purvis, Richard Evans, A Behavioral Change Intervention System to Support the Hydration Habits of Nurses in Hospital Wards, Sustainability, 10.3390/su12229391, 12, 22, (9391), (2020).
- See more
