Research Article
A solution to the problem of separation in logistic regression
Abstract
The phenomenon of separation or monotone likelihood is observed in the fitting process of a logistic model if the likelihood converges while at least one parameter estimate diverges to ± infinity. Separation primarily occurs in small samples with several unbalanced and highly predictive risk factors. A procedure by Firth originally developed to reduce the bias of maximum likelihood estimates is shown to provide an ideal solution to separation. It produces finite parameter estimates by means of penalized maximum likelihood estimation. Corresponding Wald tests and confidence intervals are available but it is shown that penalized likelihood ratio tests and profile penalized likelihood confidence intervals are often preferable. The clear advantage of the procedure over previous options of analysis is impressively demonstrated by the statistical analysis of two cancer studies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citing Literature
Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 813
- Louis Ehwerhemuepha, Peter T. Yu, Yigit S. Guner, Elizabeth Wallace, William Feaster, A Nested Mixed Effects Multicenter Model Examining the Risk Factors for Pediatric Trauma Return Visits Within 72 h, Journal of Surgical Research, 10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.021, 257, (370), (2021).
- Ramon Silva da Santos, Liedson Tavares Carneiro, José Peroba de Oliveira Santos, Mairon Moura da Silva, Marcelo de Oliveira Milfont, Cibele Cardoso Castro, Bee pollination services and the enhancement of fruit yield associated with seed number in self-incompatible tangelos, Scientia Horticulturae, 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109743, 276, (109743), (2021).
- Roger Silvers, Cross-border cooperation between securities regulators, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 10.1016/j.jacceco.2020.101301, (101301), (2020).
- Anthony Y B Teoh, Masayuki Kitano, Takao Itoi, Manuel Pérez-Miranda, Takeshi Ogura, Shannon Melissa Chan, Carlos Serna-Higuera, Shunsuke Omoto, Raul Torres-Yuste, Takayoshi Tsuichiya, Ka Tak Wong, Chi-Ho Leung, Philip Wai Yan Chiu, Enders Kwok Wai Ng, James Yun Wong Lau, Endosonography-guided gallbladder drainage versus percutaneous cholecystostomy in very high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis: an international randomised multicentre controlled superiority trial (DRAC 1), Gut, 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319996, 69, 6, (1085-1091), (2020).
- Tor Håkon Jackson Inderberg, Ole Magnus Theisen, Karoline Hægstad Flåm, What influences windpower decisions? A statistical analysis of licensing in Norway, Journal of Cleaner Production, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122860, (122860), (2020).
- Valentina Rosato, Eva Negri, Cristina Bosetti, Núria Malats, Paulina Gomez-Rubio, PanGenEU Consortium, Patrick Maisonneuve, Anthony B. Miller, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Peter A. Baghurst, Witold Zatonski, Gloria M. Petersen, Ghislaine Scelo, Ivana Holcatova, Eleonora Fabianova, Diego Serraino, Sara H. Olson, Jesús Vioque, Pagona Lagiou, Eric J. Duell, Paolo Boffetta, Carlo La Vecchia, Gallbladder disease, cholecystectomy, and pancreatic cancer risk in the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4), European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000572, 29, 5, (408-415), (2020).
- Maria Koliou, Diamanto Kasapi, Stella Mazeri, Panagiota Maikanti, Anna Demetriou, Chrystalla Skordi, Maria Agathocleous, Georgina Tzanakaki, Elisavet Constantinou, Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in Cyprus 2004 to 2018, Eurosurveillance, 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.30.1900534, 25, 30, (2020).
- Balazs Feher, Stefan Lettner, Georg Heinze, Florian Karg, Christian Ulm, Reinhard Gruber, Ulrike Kuchler, An advanced prediction model for postoperative complications and early implant failure, Clinical Oral Implants Research, 10.1111/clr.13636, 31, 10, (928-935), (2020).
- Eunjeong Kang, Seung Seok Han, Jayoun Kim, Sue Kyung Park, Wookyung Chung, Yun Kyu Oh, Dong-Wan Chae, Yong-Soo Kim, Curie Ahn, Kook-Hwan Oh, Discrepant glomerular filtration rate trends from creatinine and cystatin C in patients with chronic kidney disease: results from the KNOW-CKD cohort, BMC Nephrology, 10.1186/s12882-020-01932-4, 21, 1, (2020).
- Ehsan Yaghmaei, Louis Ehwerhemuepha, William Feaster, David Gibbs, Cyril Rakovski, A multicenter mixed-effects model for inference and prediction of 72-h return visits to the emergency department for adult patients with trauma-related diagnoses, Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 10.1186/s13018-020-01863-8, 15, 1, (2020).
- Rachael H. Nolan, Simin Rahmani, Stephanie A. Samson, Harriet M. Simpson-Southward, Matthias M. Boer, Ross A. Bradstock, Bark attributes determine variation in fire resistance in resprouting tree species, Forest Ecology and Management, 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118385, 474, (118385), (2020).
- A.E. Coleman, T.C. DeFrancesco, E.H. Griffiths, B.D.X. Lascelles, D.J. Kleisch, C.E. Atkins, B.W. Keene, Atenolol in cats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of effect on quality of life, activity, and cardiac biomarkers, Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, 10.1016/j.jvc.2020.06.002, 30, (77-91), (2020).
- J. Magaña, M. G. Contreras, K. L. Keys, O. Risse-Adams, P. C. Goddard, A. M. Zeiger, A. C. Y. Mak, J. R. Elhawary, L. A. Samedy-Bates, E. Lee, N. Thakur, D. Hu, C. Eng, S. Salazar, S. Huntsman, T. Hu, E. G. Burchard, M. J. White, An epistatic interaction between pre-natal smoke exposure and socioeconomic status has a significant impact on bronchodilator drug response in African American youth with asthma, BioData Mining, 10.1186/s13040-020-00218-7, 13, 1, (2020).
- Franz Essl, Bernd Lenzner, Sven Bacher, Sarah Bailey, Cesar Capinha, Curtis Daehler, Stefan Dullinger, Piero Genovesi, Cang Hui, Philip E. Hulme, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Stelios Katsanevakis, Ingolf Kühn, Brian Leung, Andrew Liebhold, Chunlong Liu, Hugh J. MacIsaac, Laura A. Meyerson, Martin A. Nuñez, Aníbal Pauchard, Petr Pyšek, Wolfgang Rabitsch, David M. Richardson, Helen E. Roy, Gregory M. Ruiz, James C. Russell, Nathan J. Sanders, Dov F. Sax, Riccardo Scalera, Hanno Seebens, Michael Springborn, Anna Turbelin, Mark Kleunen, Betsy Holle, Marten Winter, Rafael D. Zenni, Brady J. Mattsson, Nuria Roura‐Pascual, Drivers of future alien species impacts: An expert‐based assessment, Global Change Biology, 10.1111/gcb.15199, 26, 9, (4880-4893), (2020).
- Clara Menéndez, Llorenç Quintó, Paola Castillo, Fabiola Fernandes, Carla Carrilho, Mamudo R Ismail, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Juan Carlos Hurtado, Natalia Rakislova, Khátia Munguambe, Cinta Moraleda, Maria Maixenchs, Eusebio Macete, Inacio Mandomando, Miguel J Martínez, Pedro L Alonso, Quique Bassat, Jaume Ordi, Quality of care and maternal mortality in a tertiary-level hospital in Mozambique: a retrospective study of clinicopathological discrepancies, The Lancet Global Health, 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30236-9, 8, 7, (e965-e972), (2020).
- Xiaojian Xu, Charlie Shay, undefined, 2020 5th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS), 10.1109/ICCCS49078.2020.9118568, (15-19), (2020).
- Yilin Ning, Nathalie C. Støer, Peh Joo Ho, Shih Ling Kao, Kee Yuan Ngiam, Eric Yin Hao Khoo, Soo Chin Lee, E-Shyong Tai, Mikael Hartman, Marie Reilly, Chuen Seng Tan, Robust estimation of the effect of an exposure on the change in a continuous outcome, BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10.1186/s12874-020-01027-6, 20, 1, (2020).
- Yen Tran, Toshiyuki Yamamoto, Hitomi Sato, Tomio Miwa, Takayuki Morikawa, The analysis of influences of attitudes on mode choice under highly unbalanced mode share patterns., Journal of Choice Modelling, 10.1016/j.jocm.2020.100227, (100227), (2020).
- Stephen H. Gregory, Christopher R. King, Arbi Ben Abdallah, Alex Kronzer, Troy S. Wildes, Abnormal preoperative cognitive screening in aged surgical patients: a retrospective cohort analysis, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 10.1016/j.bja.2020.08.026, (2020).
- Adam Mayer, Social support for de-carbonizing the energy system: The role of expressive partisanship, Environmental Science & Policy, 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.03.013, 109, (83-94), (2020).
- Patrick T. Delaplain, Yigit S. Guner, William Feaster, Elizabeth Wallace, David Gibbs, Maryam Gholizadeh, Troy Reyna, Louis Ehwerhemuepha, Prediction of 7-Day Readmission Risk for Pediatric Trauma Patients, Journal of Surgical Research, 10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.068, 253, (254-261), (2020).
- Kristin N Ray, Ateev Mehrotra, Jonathan Yabes, Jeremy M Kahn, Telemedicine and Outpatient Subspecialty Visits among Pediatric Medicaid Beneficiaries, Academic Pediatrics, 10.1016/j.acap.2020.03.014, (2020).
- Caitlin M. Pinciotti, Holly K. Orcutt, Common Symptom Presentations in Individuals With Probable Comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001211, 208, 10, (777-784), (2020).
- Elliott J. Yee, S. Keisin Wang, Lava R. Timsina, Sebastian Ruiz-Herrera, Jane L. Liao, Nikunj N. Donde, Andres C. Fajardo, Raghu L. Motaganahalli, Propensity-Matched Outcomes of Transcarotid Artery Revascularization Versus Carotid Endarterectomy, Journal of Surgical Research, 10.1016/j.jss.2019.12.003, 252, (22-29), (2020).
- Ji Young Bang, Bryce Sutton, Udayakumar Navaneethan, Robert Hawes, Shyam Varadarajulu, Efficacy of Single-Operator Cholangioscopy-Guided Lithotripsy Compared With Large Balloon Sphincteroplasty in Management of Difficult Bile Duct Stones in a Randomized Trial, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.02.003, (2020).
- Gal Friedman, Polina Stepensky, Wiessam Abu Ahmad, Reem Masarwa, Violetta Temper, Yonatan Oster, Sharon Amit, Diana Averbuch, Enterococcal Bacteremia in Children With Malignancies and Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 10.1097/INF.0000000000002579, 39, 4, (318-324), (2020).
- Marjan Faghih, Zahra Bagheri, Dejan Stevanovic, Seyyed Mohhamad Taghi Ayatollahi, Peyman Jafari, A Comparative Study of the Bias Correction Methods for Differential Item Functioning Analysis in Logistic Regression with Rare Events Data, BioMed Research International, 10.1155/2020/1632350, 2020, (1-12), (2020).
- Pavel V. Voinov, Josep Call, Günther Knoblich, Marina Oshkina, Matthias Allritz, Chimpanzee Coordination and Potential Communication in a Two-touchscreen Turn-taking Game, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-020-60307-9, 10, 1, (2020).
- Daniel L. Riddle, Robert A. Perera, American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Appropriate Use Criteria for Hip Preservation Surgery: Variables That Drive Appropriateness for Surgery, Arthritis Care & Research, 10.1002/acr.23828, 72, 3, (405-411), (2020).
- Carsten F. Dormann, Calibration of probability predictions from machine‐learning and statistical models, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 10.1111/geb.13070, 29, 4, (760-765), (2020).
- Erin R. Weeda, Zemin Su, David J. Taber, John Bian, Thomas A. Morinelli, Michael Casey, Derek A. DuBay, Costs and factors associated with heart failure following kidney transplantation – a single‐center retrospective cohort study, Transplant International, 10.1111/tri.13571, 33, 4, (414-422), (2020).
- Justin M Haller, Hunter Ross, Kimberly Jacobson, Zhining Ou, David Rothberg, Michael Githens, Supination adduction ankle fractures: Ankle fracture or pilon variant?, Injury, 10.1016/j.injury.2020.01.008, (2020).
- Cameron Radford, John Weldon McNutt, Tracey Rogers, Ben Maslen, Neil Jordan, Artificial eyespots on cattle reduce predation by large carnivores, Communications Biology, 10.1038/s42003-020-01156-0, 3, 1, (2020).
- Ellen H.M. de Kort, Sandra A. Prins, Irwin K.M. Reiss, Sten P. Willemsen, Peter Andriessen, Mirjam M. van Weissenbruch, Sinno H.P. Simons, Propofol for endotracheal intubation in neonates: a dose-finding trial, Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318474, 105, 5, (489-495), (2020).
- Tristan Juvet, Kevin A Parikh, Colleen T Ball, Chandler D Dora, Morphologic Factors Associated with Open Conversion During Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate, Urology, 10.1016/j.urology.2020.08.017, (2020).
- Minh Duc Do, Thao Phuong Mai, Anh Duy Do, Quang Dinh Nguyen, Nghia Hieu Le, Linh Gia Hoang Le, Vu Anh Hoang, Anh Ngoc Le, Hung Quoc Le, Pascal Richette, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Thomas Bardin, Risk factors for cutaneous reactions to allopurinol in Kinh Vietnamese: results from a case-control study, Arthritis Research & Therapy, 10.1186/s13075-020-02273-1, 22, 1, (2020).
- John M. Abbamonte, Manasi S. Parrish, Tae K. Lee, Shandir Ramlagan, Sibusiso Sifunda, Karl Peltzer, Stephen M. Weiss, Deborah L. Jones, Influence of Male Partners on HIV Disclosure Among South African Women in a Cluster Randomized PMTCT Intervention, AIDS and Behavior, 10.1007/s10461-020-03021-x, (2020).
- Sohrab Arora, Chandler Bronkema, James R. Porter, Alexander Mottrie, Prokar Dasgupta, Benjamin Challacombe, Koon H Rha, Rajesh K Ahlawat, Umberto Capitanio, Thyavihally B. Yuvaraja, Sudhir Rawal, Daniel A. Moon, Ananthakrishnan Sivaraman, Kris K. Maes, Fansesco Porpiglia, Gagan Gautam, Levent Turkeri, Mahendra Bhandari, Wooju Jeong, Mani Menon, Craig G. Rogers, Firas Abdollah, Omission of cortical renorrhaphy during robotic partial nephrectomy: a Vattikuti Collective Quality Initiative (VCQI) database analysis, Urology, 10.1016/j.urology.2020.09.003, (2020).
- Alexandra Foust, Patrick R. Johnston, Joanna Kasznia-Brown, Winnie C. Chu, Pilar Garcia-Pena, Pedro Daltro, Karuna M. Das, Domen Plut, Tracy Kilborn, Abbey J. Winant, Edward Y. Lee, Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Radiology Departments Around the World: WFPI COVID-19 Task Force Survey Results from 6 Continents, Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging, 10.1148/ryct.2020200422, 2, 5, (e200422), (2020).
- Nakwon Kwak, Jake Whang, Jeong Seong Yang, Taek Soo Kim, Sung A. Kim, Jae-Joon Yim, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of Clofazimine among Clinical Isolates of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Its Impact on Treatment Outcome, Chest, 10.1016/j.chest.2020.07.040, (2020).
- Alexander H Flannery, Drayton A Hammond, Douglas R Oyler, Chenghui Li, Adrian Wong, Andrew P Smith, Qiu Min Yeo, Whitney Chaney, Caitlin E Pfaff, Angela M Plewa-Rusiecki, Paul Juang, Vancomycin Dosing Practices among Critical Care Pharmacists: A Survey of Society of Critical Care Medicine Pharmacists, Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment, 10.1177/1178633720952078, 13, (117863372095207), (2020).
- Matteo Serenari, Francesca Ratti, Matteo Zanello, Nicola Guglielmo, Federico Mocchegiani, Fabrizio Di Benedetto, Bruno Nardo, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Umberto Cillo, Marco Massani, Michele Colledan, Raffaele Dalla Valle, Matteo Cescon, Marco Vivarelli, Marco Colasanti, Giuseppe Maria Ettorre, Luca Aldrighetti, Elio Jovine, Minimally Invasive Stage 1 to Protect Against the Risk of Liver Failure: Results from the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Series of the Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy Italian Registry, Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques, 10.1089/lap.2020.0563, 30, 10, (1082-1089), (2020).
- Salvatore Cafiso, Giuseppina Pappalardo, Safety effectiveness and performance of lane support systems for driving assistance and automation – Experimental test and logistic regression for rare events, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105791, 148, (105791), (2020).
- Dragana M. Pavlović, Bryan R.L. Guillaume, Emma K. Towlson, Nicole M.Y. Kuek, Soroosh Afyouni, Petra E. Vértes, B.T. Thomas Yeo, Edward T. Bullmore, Thomas E. Nichols, Multi-subject Stochastic Blockmodels for adaptive analysis of individual differences in human brain network cluster structure, NeuroImage, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116611, (116611), (2020).
- Hidekazu Iida, Shino Fujimoto, Takafumi Wakita, Mai Yanagi, Tomo Suzuki, Kenichiro Koitabashi, Masahiko Yazawa, Hiroo Kawarazaki, Yoshitaka Ishibashi, Yugo Shibagaki, Noriaki Kurita, Psychological Flexibility and Depression in Advanced CKD and Dialysis, Kidney Medicine, 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.07.004, (2020).
- Laura M. Martinez-Levasseur, M. Simard, C.M. Furgal, G. Burness, P. Bertrand, S. Suppa, E. Avard, M. Lemire, Towards a better understanding of the benefits and risks of country food consumption using the case of walruses in Nunavik (Northern Quebec, Canada), Science of The Total Environment, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137307, 719, (137307), (2020).
- E.K. Delgado-Angulo, F. Zúñiga Abad, S. Scambler, E. Bernabé, Is there a healthy migrant effect in relation to oral health among adults in England?, Public Health, 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.11.025, 181, (53-58), (2020).
- Mehdi Noroozi, Peter Higgs, Azadeh Bayani, Bahram Armoon, Ali Nazeri Astaneh, Ladan Fattah Moghaddam, Mohammad Askari, Non -fatal overdose among people who inject drugs in Tehran, Iran, Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 10.1186/s13011-020-00323-0, 15, 1, (2020).
- Jacob J Hughey, Jennifer M Colby, Discovering Cross-Reactivity in Urine Drug Screening Immunoassays through Large-Scale Analysis of Electronic Health Records, Clinical Chemistry, 10.1373/clinchem.2019.305409, 65, 12, (1522-1531), (2020).
- Neeta Singh, Padmavati G. Gore, J. Aravind, Breaking seed coat impermeability to aid conservation and utilization of wild Vigna species, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 10.1007/s10722-019-00872-9, (2020).
- Cecilia A. Prator, Rodrigo P. P. Almeida, A Lectin Disrupts Vector Transmission of a Grapevine Ampelovirus, Viruses, 10.3390/v12080843, 12, 8, (843), (2020).
- Melissa P. Knauert, Terrence E. Murphy, Margaret M. Doyle, Margaret A. Pisani, Nancy S. Redeker, Henry K. Yaggi, Pilot Observational Study to Detect Diurnal Variation and Misalignment in Heart Rate Among Critically Ill Patients, Frontiers in Neurology, 10.3389/fneur.2020.00637, 11, (2020).
- Eric J Roseen, Hanna Gerlovin, David T Felson, Anthony Delitto, Karen J Sherman, Robert B Saper, Which Chronic Low Back Pain Patients Respond Favorably to Yoga, Physical Therapy, and a Self-care Book? Responder Analyses from a Randomized Controlled Trial, Pain Medicine, 10.1093/pm/pnaa153, (2020).
- Yasin ALTİNİSİK, A comparative study on the performance of frequentist and Bayesian estimation methods under separation in logistic regression, Communications Faculty Of Science University of Ankara Series A1Mathematics and Statistics, 10.31801/cfsuasmas.614492, (89-109), (2020).
- S. Afach, A. Chaimani, T. Evrenoglou, L. Penso, E. Brouste, E. Sbidian, L. Le Cleach, Meta‐analysis results do not reflect the real safety of biologics in psoriasis, British Journal of Dermatology, 10.1111/bjd.19244, 0, 0, (2020).
- Aly S. Muadica, Augusto E. Messa, Alejandro Dashti, Sooria Balasegaram, Mónica Santin, Filomena Manjate, Percina Chirinda, Marcelino Garrine, Delfino Vubil, Sozinho Acácio, Pamela C. Köster, Begoña Bailo, Tacilta Nhampossa, Rafael Calero-Bernal, Jason M. Mwenda, Inácio Mandomando, David Carmena, First identification of genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidia) among symptomatic and asymptomatic children in Mozambique, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008419, 14, 6, (e0008419), (2020).
- Rosalind M. Tucker, Suzanne Ryan, Bu’ Hussain Hayee, Ingvar Bjarnason, Aisha D. Augustin, Chianna Umamahesan, David Taylor, Clive Weller, Sylvia M Dobbs, R John Dobbs, André Charlett, Distinctive Pathophysiology Underlying Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease: Implications for Cognitive Inefficiency, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm9061916, 9, 6, (1916), (2020).
- Mohammad H. Pakravan, Nordica MacCarty, What Motivates Behavior Change? Analyzing User Intentions to Adopt Clean Technologies in Low-Resource Settings Using the Theory of Planned Behavior, Energies, 10.3390/en13113021, 13, 11, (3021), (2020).
- Danuta M Skowronski, Siobhan Leir, Suzana Sabaiduc, Catharine Chambers, Macy Zou, Caren Rose, Romy Olsha, James A Dickinson, Anne-Luise Winter, Agatha Jassem, Jonathan B Gubbay, Steven J Drews, Hugues Charest, Tracy Chan, Rebecca Hickman, Nathalie Bastien, Yan Li, Mel Krajden, Gaston De Serres, Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness by A(H3N2) Phylogenetic Subcluster and Prior Vaccination History: 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 Epidemics in Canada, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.1093/infdis/jiaa138, (2020).
- Kelly M. Hughes, Stefan C. Kane, Terrence P. Haines, Penelope M. Sheehan, Cervical length surveillance for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in women with uterine anomalies: A cohort study, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 10.1111/aogs.13923, 0, 0, (2020).
- F. Marro, S. De Smedt, S. Rajasekharan, L. Martens, P. Bottenberg, W. Jacquet, Associations between obesity, dental caries, erosive tooth wear and periodontal disease in adolescents: a case–control study, European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, 10.1007/s40368-020-00534-w, (2020).
- Dongming Huang, Nathan Stein, Donald B. Rubin, S. C. Kou, Catalytic prior distributions with application to generalized linear models, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.1073/pnas.1920913117, (201920913), (2020).
- Ben Van Calster, Maarten van Smeden, Bavo De Cock, Ewout W Steyerberg, Regression shrinkage methods for clinical prediction models do not guarantee improved performance: Simulation study, Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 10.1177/0962280220921415, (096228022092141), (2020).
- Ji-Eun Lee, Ji-Hoon Park, Effects of Socialization on Adolescent Sexual Behaviors in Lao PDR, Journal of Child and Family Studies, 10.1007/s10826-020-01713-5, (2020).
- Claire Humphries, Suganthi Jaganathan, Jeemon Panniyammakal, Sanjeev Singh, Prabhakaran Dorairaj, Malcolm Price, Paramjit Gill, Sheila Greenfield, Richard Lilford, Semira Manaseki-Holland, Investigating discharge communication for chronic disease patients in three hospitals in India, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0230438, 15, 4, (e0230438), (2020).
- Otto Condliffe, Frances A. Maratos, Can compassion, happiness and sympathetic concern be differentiated on the basis of facial expression?, Cognition and Emotion, 10.1080/02699931.2020.1747989, (1-13), (2020).
- Marcos Krull, Comparing statistical analyses to estimate thresholds in ecotoxicology, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0231149, 15, 4, (e0231149), (2020).
- Margaret Wong, R. Brooke Jeffrey, Adam N. Rucker, Eric W. Olcott, Ileocolic vascular curvature: a new CT finding of cecal volvulus, Abdominal Radiology, 10.1007/s00261-020-02491-w, (2020).
- Mark C. Navin, Jason Adam Wasserman, Susanna Jain, Katie R. Baughman, Naomi T. Laventhal, When Do Pediatricians Call the Ethics Consultation Service? Impact of Clinical Experience and Formal Ethics Training, AJOB Empirical Bioethics, 10.1080/23294515.2020.1737983, (1-8), (2020).
- Keshav P. Pokhrel, Taysseer Sharaf, Prem Bhandari, Dirgha Ghimire, Farm Exit Among Smallholder Farmers of Nepal: A Bayesian Logistic Regression Models Approach, Agricultural Research, 10.1007/s40003-020-00465-4, (2020).
- Michel Mandro, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Alfred Dusabimana, Deby Mukendi, Steven Haesendonckx, Richard Lokonda, Swabra Nakato, Francoise Nyisi, Germain Abhafule, D Wonya’rossi, An Hotterbeekx, Steven Abrams, Robert Colebunders, Single versus Multiple Dose Ivermectin Regimen in Onchocerciasis-Infected Persons with Epilepsy Treated with Phenobarbital: A Randomized Clinical Trial in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Pathogens, 10.3390/pathogens9030205, 9, 3, (205), (2020).
- Xiaohan Li, Patrick Willems, Probabilistic flood prediction for urban sub-catchments using sewer models combined with logistic regression models, Urban Water Journal, 10.1080/1573062X.2020.1726409, (1-11), (2020).
- Ariel Zellman, Jonathan Fox, Defending the Faith? Assessing the Impact of State Religious Exclusivity on Territorial MID Initiation, Politics and Religion, 10.1017/S1755048319000488, (1-27), (2020).
- Leah Kern, Lisa Eichberger, Helen Wang, Tuo Lin, Kyung E. Rhee, Parental Knowledge and Attitudes About Universal Lipid Screening Among Children Aged 9 to 11 Years, Clinical Pediatrics, 10.1177/0009922820903043, (000992282090304), (2020).
- Ana Jerončić, Diana Nonković, Anamarija Vrbatović, Jerko Hrabar, Ivana Bušelić, Victoria Martínez-Sernández, Santiago A. Lojo Rocamonde, Florencio M. Ubeira, Sonja Jaman, Esma Čečuk Jeličić, Marco Amati, Maria Angeles Gomez Morales, Boris Lukšić, Ivona Mladineo, Anisakis Sensitization in the Croatian Fish Processing Workers: Behavioral Instead of Occupational Risk Factors?, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008038, 14, 1, (e0008038), (2020).
- Yueting Li, Chen Li, Nan Wu, Feng Li, Zhihong Wu, Xiaochuan Sun, Qiyi Li, Li Li, Demographic, clinical, and scintigraphic comparison of patients affected by palmoplantar pustulosis and severe acne: a retrospective study, Clinical Rheumatology, 10.1007/s10067-019-04904-8, (2020).
- Máté E. Maros, David Capper, David T. W. Jones, Volker Hovestadt, Andreas von Deimling, Stefan M. Pfister, Axel Benner, Manuela Zucknick, Martin Sill, Machine learning workflows to estimate class probabilities for precision cancer diagnostics on DNA methylation microarray data, Nature Protocols, 10.1038/s41596-019-0251-6, (2020).
- Apollo O. Gomez, Joanne De FAVERI, Jodi M. Neal, Elizabeth A.B. Aitken, Mark E. Herrington, Response of Strawberry Cultivars Inoculated with Macrophomina phaseolina in Australia , International Journal of Fruit Science, 10.1080/15538362.2019.1709114, (1-14), (2020).
- Kyle D. Le, Stefan G. Schreiber, Simon M. Landhäusser, Amanda L. Schoonmaker, Manipulating aspen ( Populus tremuloides ) seedling size characteristics to improve initial establishment and growth on competitive sites , Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 10.1080/02827581.2019.1707274, (1-17), (2020).
- Bayron R. Calle-Rendón, Jose Julio de Toledo, Karen Mustin, Renato R. Hilário, Drivers of primate richness and occurrence in a naturally patchy landscape in the Brazilian Amazon, Biodiversity and Conservation, 10.1007/s10531-020-02028-z, (2020).
- Daniel L. Belavy, Patrick J. Owen, Patricia M. Livingston, Do successful PhD outcomes reflect the research environment rather than academic ability?, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0236327, 15, 8, (e0236327), (2020).
- Anura W. G. Ratnasiri, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Ronald A. Dieckmann, Henry C. Lee, Jeffrey B. Gould, Steven S. Parry, Vivi N. Arief, Ian H. DeLacy, Ralph J. DiLibero, Kaye E. Basford, Maternal and infant predictors of infant mortality in California, 2007–2015, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0236877, 15, 8, (e0236877), (2020).
- Carol Orr, Colleen M. Fisher, David B. Preen, Rebecca A. Glauert, Melissa O’Donnell, Exposure to family and domestic violence is associated with increased childhood hospitalisations, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0237251, 15, 8, (e0237251), (2020).
- Fabio Salvatore Macaluso, Walter Fries, Sara Renna, Anna Viola, Marco Muscianisi, Maria Cappello, Laura Guida, Sebastiano Siringo, Salvatore Camilleri, Serena Garufi, Antonino Carlo Privitera, Nunzio Belluardo, Emiliano Giangreco, Carmelo Bertolami, Roberto Vassallo, Giulia Rizzuto, Rosalba Orlando, Marco Ventimiglia, Ambrogio Orlando, Effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in biologically naïve patients: A real-world multi-centre study, United European Gastroenterology Journal, 10.1177/2050640620948802, (205064062094880), (2020).
- Elisa Gallo, Franco Folino, Gianfranco Buja, Gabriele Zanotto, Daniele Bottigliengo, Rosanna Comoretto, Elena Marras, Giuseppe Allocca, Diego Vaccari, Gianni Gasparini, Emanuele Bertaglia, Franco Zoppo, Vittorio Calzolari, Rene Nangah Suh, Barbara Ignatiuk, Corrado Lanera, Alessandro Benassi, Dario Gregori, Sabino Iliceto, Daily Exposure to Air Pollution Particulate Matter Is Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in High-Risk Patients, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10.3390/ijerph17176017, 17, 17, (6017), (2020).
- Ujjwal Das, Kalyan Das, Selection of influential variables in ordinal data with preponderance of zeros, Statistica Neerlandica, 10.1111/stan.12225, 0, 0, (2020).
- John D’Arcy, Idris Adjerid, Corey M. Angst, Ante Glavas, Too Good to Be True: Firm Social Performance and the Risk of Data Breach, Information Systems Research, 10.1287/isre.2020.0939, (2020).
- Toshio Honda, Chien-Tong Lin, Forward variable selection for sparse ultra-high-dimensional generalized varying coefficient models, Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science, 10.1007/s42081-020-00090-z, (2020).
- Avizit C. Adhikary, M. Shafiqur Rahman, Firth's penalized method in Cox proportional hazard framework for developing predictive models for sparse or heavily censored survival data, Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 10.1080/00949655.2020.1817924, (1-19), (2020).
- Lonnie Schaible, Lauren Gant, Stephanie Ames, The Impact of Police Attitudes Towards Offenders on Law-Enforcement Assisted Diversion Decisions, Police Quarterly, 10.1177/1098611120960714, (109861112096071), (2020).
- Colleen B. Mistler, Divya K. Chandra, Michael M. Copenhaver, Jeffrey A. Wickersham, Roman Shrestha, Engagement in Harm Reduction Strategies After Suspected Fentanyl Contamination Among Opioid-Dependent Individuals, Journal of Community Health, 10.1007/s10900-020-00928-3, (2020).
- Matthias Ploeg, Joris Knoben, Patrick Vermeulen, Cees van Beers, Rare gems or mundane practice? Resource constraints as drivers of frugal innovation, Innovation, 10.1080/14479338.2020.1825089, (1-34), (2020).
- Hannu Ojala, Juha Kinnunen, Lasse Niemi, Pontus Troberg, Jill Collis, What Turns the Taxman on? Tax Aggressiveness, Financial Statement Audits, and Tax Return Adjustments in Small Private Companies, The International Journal of Accounting, 10.1142/S1094406020500110, (2050011), (2020).
- Ioannis Kosmidis, David Firth, Jeffreys-prior penalty, finiteness and shrinkage in binomial-response generalized linear models, Biometrika, 10.1093/biomet/asaa052, (2020).
- Kari Lehtilä, Tiina Vinter, Patrik Dinnetz, Plant response to habitat amount and configuration in Swedish forests, Diversity and Distributions, 10.1111/ddi.13019, 26, 3, (329-339), (2019).
- Sunbok Lee, Logistic Regression Procedure Using Penalized Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Differential Item Functioning, Journal of Educational Measurement, 10.1111/jedm.12253, 57, 3, (443-457), (2019).
- Burak Kürsad Günhan, Christian Röver, Tim Friede, Random‐effects meta‐analysis of few studies involving rare events, Research Synthesis Methods, 10.1002/jrsm.1370, 11, 1, (74-90), (2019).
- Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi, Mohammad Hossein Panahi, Comment on unplanned out-of-hospital birth and risk factors of adverse perinatal outcome: findings from a prospective cohort, Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 10.1186/s13049-019-0626-2, 27, 1, (2019).
- Adam Mayer, National energy transition, local partisanship? Elite cues, community identity, and support for clean power in the United States, Energy Research & Social Science, 10.1016/j.erss.2018.11.020, 50, (143-150), (2019).
- Daniel J. Laxman, Brian J. Higginbotham, Kay Bradford, Predictors of attrition and attendance in a fatherhood education program, Children and Youth Services Review, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.05.007, (2019).
- See more
