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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Confucius on Educational Failure: Three Types of Misguided Students

David W. Black

Department of Philosophy, University of Scranton

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First published: 09 April 2014

Abstract

In this essay David Black claims that, if one pieces together the many sketches of educational decorum found in the Confucian Analects, one will discover three types of misguided student; that is, one will come to recognize that Confucius admonishes three types of insensitive learners who, due to the lure of personal advantage and social rhetoric, begin to mismanage the exchanges of respect particular to the educational process. These students misappropriate key rituals of decorum and dialogue, and consequently create a degree of disorder that, for Confucius, actually threatens the existence of civil society.