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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

What makes fish vulnerable to capture by hooks? A conceptual framework and a review of key determinants

Robert J Lennox

Corresponding Author

E-mail address:robert.lennox@carleton.ca

Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Correspondence

Robert J Lennox, Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Email: robert.lennox@carleton.ca

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Josep Alós

Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany

Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC‐UIB), Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain

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Robert Arlinghaus

Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany

Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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Andrij Horodysky

Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA

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Thomas Klefoth

Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany

Angling Association of Lower Saxony (Anglerverband Niedersachsen e.V.), Hannover, Germany

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Christopher T Monk

Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany

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Steven J Cooke

Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada

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First published: 11 April 2017
Cited by: 10

Abstract

Considerable time and money are expended in the pursuit of catching fish with hooks (e.g., handlining, angling, longlining, trolling, drumlining) across the recreational, commercial and subsistence fishing sectors. The fish and other aquatic organisms (e.g., squid) that are captured are not a random sample of the population because external (e.g., turbidity) and underlying internal variables (e.g., morphology) contribute to variation in vulnerability to hooks. Vulnerability is the probability of capture for any given fish in a given location at a given time and mechanistically explains the population‐level catchability coefficient, which is a fundamental and usually time‐varying (i.e., dynamic) variable in fisheries science and stock assessment. The mechanistic drivers of individual vulnerability to capture are thus of interest to fishers by affecting catch rates, but are also of considerable importance to fisheries managers whenever hook‐and‐line‐generated data contribute to stock assessments. In this paper, individual vulnerability to hooks is conceptualized as a dynamic state, in which individual fish switch between vulnerable and invulnerable states as a function of three interdependent key processes: an individual fish's internal state, its encounter with the gear, and the characteristics of the encountered gear. We develop a new conceptual framework of “vulnerability,” summarize the major drivers of fish vulnerability, and conclude that fish vulnerability involves complex processes. To understand vulnerability, a shift to interdisciplinary research and the integration of ecophysiology, fish ecology, fisheries ecology and human movement ecology, facilitated by new technological developments, is required.

Number of times cited: 10

  • , A physiological perspective on fisheries‐induced evolution, Evolutionary Applications, 11, 5, (561-576), (2018).
  • , Narrow lenses for capturing the complexity of fisheries: A topic analysis of fisheries science from 1990 to 2016, Fish and Fisheries, 19, 4, (643-661), (2018).
  • , Spearfishing modulates flight initiation distance of fishes: the effects of protection, individual size, and bearing a speargun, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 10.1093/icesjms/fsy059, 75, 5, (1779-1789), (2018).
  • , Metabolic phenotype is not associated with vulnerability to angling in bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ) , Canadian Journal of Zoology, 10.1139/cjz-2017-0363, 96, 11, (1264-1271), (2018).
  • , Comparing catch rate, conventional tagging, and acoustic telemetry data for understanding the migration patterns of coastal fishes, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10.1139/cjfas-2017-0428, 75, 12, (2364-2374), (2018).
  • , Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis, spatial behaviour determines vulnerability independent of angler skill in a whole-lake reality mining experiment, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, (1), (2017).
  • , Toward a mechanistic understanding of vulnerability to hook-and-line fishing: Boldness as the basic target of angling-induced selection, Evolutionary Applications, 10.1111/eva.12504, 10, 10, (994-1006), (2017).
  • , Investigating three sources of bias in hook-and-line surveys: survey design, gear saturation, and multispecies interactions, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10.1139/cjfas-2017-0286, (1-16), (2018).
  • , Never Off the Hook—How Fishing Subverts Predator-Prey Relationships in Marine Teleosts, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10.3389/fevo.2018.00157, 6, (2018).
  • , Studying behavioural variation in salmonids from an ecological perspective: observations questions methodological considerations, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 10.1007/s11160-018-9532-3, (2018).