Tusklessness in African elephants: a future trend
Abstract
Summary
In the South Luangwa National Park and the adjacent Lupande Game Management Area, located in Zambia's Eastern Province, the fraction of adult tuskless female elephants increased from 10·5% in 1969 to 38·2% in 1989, apparently as a direct result of selective illegal ivory hunting. From 1989 to 1993, the fraction of adult tuskless females declined from 38·2% to 28·70%, as a result of immigration of a relatively larger fraction of tusked females from adjacent Game Management Areas. Tusklessness appears to run in families and is sex‐linked.
Résumé
Dans le Parc National de la Luangwa Sud et dans l'Aire de Gestion de la Faune de Lupande voisine, dans la province Orientale de Zambie, la proportion de femelles éléphants sans défenses est passée de 10,5% en 1969 à 38,2%, en 1989, suite directe semble‐t‐il de la chasse sélective pour l'ivoire. De 1989 à 1993, la proportion de femelles adultes sans défenses a baissé de 38,2%à 28,7%, en raison notamment de l'arrivée d'un assez grand nombre de femelles avec défenses en provenance des zones de gestion de la faune adjacentes, mais aussi à cause d'un changement de sex‐ratio en faveur des mâles. L'absence de défences semble être un caractère familial et lié au sexe de l'animal.
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