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Anticonvulsant Effects of Transcranial Direct‐current Stimulation (tDCS) in the Rat Cortical Ramp Model of Focal Epilepsy
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. D. Liebetanz at Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg‐August‐University, Robert‐Koch Strasse 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany. E‐mail: dliebet@gwdg.de
Abstract
Summary: Purpose: Weak direct currents induce lasting alterations of cortical excitability in animals and humans, which are controlled by polarity, duration of stimulation, and current strength applied. To evaluate its anticonvulsant potential, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was tested in a modified cortical ramp‐stimulation model of focal epilepsy.
Methods: The threshold for localized seizure activity (TLS) was determined in freely moving rats by applying a single train of rising bipolar pulses through a unilateral epicranial electrode. After tDCS, TLS was determined repeatedly for 120 min at intervals of 15 min. The first group of animals received two sessions of cathodal tDCS at 100 μA, one for 30 and one for 60 min. A third session consisted of 60 min of anodal tDCS. A second group received cathodal tDCS at 200 μA for 15 and for 30 min, as well as anodal tDCS for 30 min.
Results: Sixty minutes of cathodal tDCS at 100 μA resulted in a TLS increase lasting for ≥2 h. When the intensity was increased to 200 μA, a similar lasting TLS elevation occurred after a stimulation of just 30‐min duration. In contrast, anodal tDCS at identical stimulation durations and current strengths had no significant effect on TLS.
Conclusions: The anticonvulsive effect induced by cathodal tDCS depends on stimulation duration and current strength and may be associated with the induction of alterations of cortical excitability that outlast the actual stimulation. The results lead to the reasonable assumption that cathodal tDCS could evolve as a therapeutic tool in drug‐refractory partial epilepsy.
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- Abhishek Datta, Marom Bikson and Felipe Fregni, Transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with skull defects and skull plates: High-resolution computational FEM study of factors altering cortical current flow, NeuroImage, 52, 4, (1268), (2010).
- Sang Jun Kim, Byeong Kwon Kim, Young Jin Ko, Moon Suk Bang, Man Ho Kim and Tai Ryoon Han, Functional and Histologic Changes After Repeated Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Rat Stroke Model, Journal of Korean Medical Science, 25, 10, (1499), (2010).
- Marco Cambiaghi, Svetla Velikova, Javier J. Gonzalez‐Rosa, Marco Cursi, Giancarlo Comi and Letizia Leocani, Brain transcranial direct current stimulation modulates motor excitability in mice, European Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 4, (704-709), (2010).
- Abhishek Datta, Varun Bansal, Julian Diaz, Jinal Patel, Davide Reato and Marom Bikson, Gyri-precise head model of transcranial direct current stimulation: Improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad, Brain Stimulation, 2, 4, (201), (2009).
- Wolfgang Löscher, Andrew J. Cole and Michael J. McLean, Commentary: Physical approaches for the treatment of epilepsy: Electrical and magnetic stimulation and cooling, Neurotherapeutics, 6, 2, (258), (2009).
- Nordeyn Oulad Ben Taib and Mario Manto, Trains of transcranial direct current stimulation antagonize motor cortex hypoexcitability induced by acute hemicerebellectomy, Journal of Neurosurgery, 111, 4, (796), (2009).
- Michael A. Nitsche and Walter Paulus, Noninvasive brain stimulation protocols in the treatment of epilepsy: Current state and perspectives, Neurotherapeutics, 6, 2, (244), (2009). 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Minneapolis, MN 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE , (2009). P. Faria, A. Leal and P.C. Miranda Comparing different electrode configurations using the 10-10 international system in tDCS: A finite element model analysis , (2009). 1596 1599 5334121 , 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5334121 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5334121/
- A.K. Herzer, W. Paulus and M.A. Nitsche, Nichtinvasive Hirnstimulation zur Behandlung von Epilepsien, Zeitschrift für Epileptologie, 22, 2, (58), (2009).
- David Liebetanz, Reinhard Koch, Susanne Mayenfels, Fatima König, Walter Paulus and Michael A. Nitsche, Safety limits of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation in rats, Clinical Neurophysiology, 120, 6, (1161), (2009).
- Thomas Radman, Raddy L. Ramos, Joshua C. Brumberg and Marom Bikson, Role of cortical cell type and morphology in subthreshold and suprathreshold uniform electric field stimulation in vitro, Brain Stimulation, 2, 4, (215), (2009).
- Andrew Wilz, Eleanor M. Pritchard, Tianfu Li, Jing-Quan Lan, David L. Kaplan and Detlev Boison, Silk polymer-based adenosine release: Therapeutic potential for epilepsy, Biomaterials, 29, 26, (3609), (2008).
- L. Schweid, R. J. Rushmore and A. Valero-Cabré, Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation on posterior parietal cortex disrupts visuo-spatial processing in the contralateral visual field, Experimental Brain Research, 10.1007/s00221-007-1245-0, 186, 3, (409-417), (2008).
- Roland Sparing and Felix M. Mottaghy, Noninvasive brain stimulation with transcranial magnetic or direct current stimulation (TMS/tDCS)—From insights into human memory to therapy of its dysfunction, Methods, 44, 4, (329), (2008).
- Michael A. Nitsche, Leonardo G. Cohen, Eric M. Wassermann, Alberto Priori, Nicolas Lang, Andrea Antal, Walter Paulus, Friedhelm Hummel, Paulo S. Boggio, Felipe Fregni and Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008, Brain Stimulation, 10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.004, 1, 3, (206-223), (2008).
- Abhishek Datta, Maged Elwassif, Fortunato Battaglia and Marom Bikson, Transcranial current stimulation focality using disc and ring electrode configurations: FEM analysis, Journal of Neural Engineering, 5, 2, (163), (2008).
- Csaba Poreisz, Klára Boros, Andrea Antal and Walter Paulus, Safety aspects of transcranial direct current stimulation concerning healthy subjects and patients, Brain Research Bulletin, 72, 4-6, (208), (2007).
- Timothy Wagner, Antoni Valero-Cabre and Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Noninvasive Human Brain Stimulation, Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 9, 1, (527), (2007).
- Narong Auvichayapat, Katenipa Sinsupan, Orathai Tunkamnerdthai and Paradee Auvichayapat, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Treatment of Childhood Pharmacoresistant Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome: A Pilot Study, Frontiers in Neurology, 10.3389/fneur.2016.00066, 7, (2016).
