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Once‐Weekly Resistance Exercise Improves Muscle Strength and Neuromuscular Performance in Older Adults

Dennis R. Taaffe PhD

Corresponding Author

Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California

Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California

National Institute on Aging, Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program, Gateway Building, 7201 Wisconsin Ave., Suite 3C‐309, Bethesda, MD 20892‐9205.
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Camille Duret MA

Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California

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Steve Wheeler BS

Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California

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Robert Marcus MD

Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California

Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland

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First published: 27 April 2015
Cited by: 188

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of frequency of resistive training on gain in muscle strength and neuromuscular performance in healthy older adults.

DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial with subjects assigned either to high‐intensity resistance training 1 (EXl), 2 (EX2), or 3 (EX3) days per week for 24 weeks or to a control group (CO).

SETTING: An exercise facility at an academic medical center.

SUBJECTS: Forty‐six community‐dwelling healthy men (n = 29) and women (n = 17) aged 65 to 79 years.

INTERVENTION: Progressive resistance training consisting of three sets of eight exercises targeting major muscle groups of the upper and lower body, at 80% of one‐repetition maximum (1‐RM) for eight repetitions, either 1,2, or 3 days per week.

MEASURES: Dynamic muscle strength (1‐RM) using iso‐tonic equipment every 4 weeks, bone mineral density and body composition by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), and neuromuscular performance by timed chair rise and 6‐meter backward tandem walk.

RESULTS: For each of the eight exercises, muscle strength increased in the exercise groups relative to CO (P < .01), with no difference among EXl, EX2 and EX3 groups at any measurement interval. Percent change averaged 3.9 ± 2.4 (CO), 37.0 ± 15.2 (EXl), 41.9 ± 18.2 (EX2), and 39.7 ± 9.8 (EX3). The time to rise successfully from the chair 5 times decreased significantly (P < .01) at 24 weeks, whereas improvement in the 6‐meter backward tandem walk approached significance (P = .10) in the three exercise groups compared with CO. Changes in chair rise ability were correlated to percent changes in quadriceps strength (r = −0.40, P < .01) and lean mass (r = −0.40, P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS: A program of once or twice weekly resistance exercise achieves muscle strength gains similar to 3 days per week training in older adults and is associated with improved neuromuscular performance. Such improvement could potentially reduce the risk of falls and fracture in older adults.

Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 188

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