Investigation of a bright flying object over northwest Spain, 1994 January 18

Abstract

Abstract— On the early morning of 1994 January 18, a very bright luminous object crossed the sky of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. From visual sightings, it is concluded that the object wasn't a meteoric fireball (bolide). A surface “crater” in Cando (close to Santiago) with dimensions 29 × 13 m and 1.5 m deep was later discovered within 1 km of the projected “impact” point of the luminous object. At this site, in addition to the topsoil, full‐grown pine trees >20 m high were thrown downhill over a nearby road, leaving the down‐slope edge of the “crater” untouched and with a steep interior wall (this would not be the case if a regular landslide were responsible for the transport). Standing trees below the “crater” showed embedded soil and plant residues up to heights >3 m. No strange materials (meteorites or artifacts) were recovered in or close to the “crater”; all materials belonged to the site and were not shocked; thus, an impact is very improbable.

A possible explanation capable of reconciling all of the observations is presented. It hypothesizes an eruption of earth gases to create the crater, with the rising gas plume then interacting with atmospheric electricity to produce the propagating fireball that was observed.