Original article
Game immersion experience: its hierarchical structure and impact on game‐based science learning
Abstract
Many studies have shown the positive impact of serious educational games (SEGs) on learning outcomes. However, there still exists insufficient research that delves into the impact of immersive experience in the process of gaming on SEG‐based science learning. The dual purpose of this study was to further explore this impact. One purpose was to develop and validate an innovative measurement, the Game Immersion Questionnaire (GIQ), and to further verify the hierarchical structure of game immersion by construct validity approaches, including exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 257) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 1044). The second purpose was to investigate the impact of game immersion on science learning through SEG play (n = 260). Overall, the results supported the internal structure of the GIQ with good reliability and validity, and the inter factor bivariate correlations for each construct indicated a high internal consistency. Players did learn from playing an SEG, and game immersion experience did lead to higher gaming performance. Moreover, players' gaming performance plays a role in mediating the effect of immersion on science learning outcomes through SEG play. However, as players became more emotionally and subjectively attached to the game, the science learning outcomes were not definitively reliable.
Citing Literature
Number of times cited: 29
- Chuen-Tsai Sun, Li-Xian Chen and Hsiu-Mei Chu, Associations among scaffold presentation, reward mechanisms and problem-solving behaviors in game play, Computers & Education, 119, (95), (2018).
- S.‐H. Ye, T.‐Y. Hsiao and C.‐T. Sun, Using commercial video games in flipped classrooms to support physical concept construction, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34, 5, (602-614), (2018).
- Yiannis Georgiou and Eleni A. Kyza, Relations between student motivation, immersion and learning outcomes in location-based augmented reality settings, Computers in Human Behavior, 10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.011, 89, (173-181), (2018).
- Jeffrey K. Mullins and Rajiv Sabherwal, Gamification: A cognitive-emotional view, Journal of Business Research, 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.09.023, (2018).
- Paul A Barclay and Clint Bowers, Associations of Subjective Immersion, Immersion Subfactors, and Learning Outcomes in the Revised Game Engagement Model, International Journal of Game-Based Learning, 10.4018/IJGBL.2018010103, 8, 1, (41-51), (2018).
- Per Backlund, Hanna Maurin Söderholm, Henrik Engström, Magnus Andersson Hagiwara and Mikael Lebram, Breaking Out of the Bubble Putting Simulation Into Context to Increase Immersion and Performance, Simulation & Gaming, 10.1177/1046878118772612, 49, 6, (642-660), (2018).
- Amir Zaib Abbasi, Ding Hooi Ting, Helmut Hlavacs, Liliana Vale Costa and Ana Isabel Veloso, An Empirical Validation of Consumer Video Game Engagement: A Playful-Consumption Experience Approach, Entertainment Computing, 10.1016/j.entcom.2018.12.002, (2018).
- Meng‐Tzu Cheng, Yu‐Wen Lin, Hsiao‐Ching She and Po‐Chih Kuo, Is immersion of any value? Whether, and to what extent, game immersion experience during serious gaming affects science learning, British Journal of Educational Technology, 48, 2, (246-263), (2016).
- Yiannis Georgiou and Eleni A. Kyza, The development and validation of the ARI questionnaire: An instrument for measuring immersion in location-based augmented reality settings, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 98, (24), (2017).
- Tamarah Smith, Gamified Modules for an Introductory Statistics Course and Their Impact on Attitudes and Learning, Simulation & Gaming, 48, 6, (832), (2017).
- Amir Zaib Abbasi, Ding Hooi Ting and Helmut Hlavacs, Engagement in Games: Developing an Instrument to Measure Consumer Videogame Engagement and Its Validation, International Journal of Computer Games Technology, 2017, (1), (2017).
- Gloria Yi-Ming Kao, Chieh-Han Chiang and Chuen-Tsai Sun, Customizing scaffolds for game-based learning in physics: Impacts on knowledge acquisition and game design creativity, Computers & Education, 113, (294), (2017). Unknown the 2017 International Conference ICEEG 2017 Turku, Finland Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on E-commerce, E-Business and E-Government - ICEEG 2017 E-commerce, E-Business and E-Government ACM Press New York, New York, USA , (2017). 9781450352482 , 10.1145/3108421 20170804094621 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3108421 Vanisri Nagalingam and Roslina Ibrahim Finding the Right Elements User Experience Elements for Educational Games , (2017). 90 93 , 10.1145/3108421.3108436 20170804094622 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3108421.3108436
- Amir Zaib Abbasi, Ding Hooi Ting and Helmut Hlavacs, Playful-Consumption Experience in Digital Game Playing: A Scale Development, Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2017, 10.1007/978-3-319-66715-7_32, (290-296), (2017). 2017 6th IIAI International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI) Hamamatsu 2017 6th IIAI International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI) IEEE , (2017). 978-1-5386-0621-6 Han-Yu Sung, Po-Han Wu, Gwo-Jen Hwang and Dai-Chi Lin A Learning Analytics Approach to Investigating the Impacts of Educational Gaming Behavioral Patterns on Students' Learning Achievements , (2017). 564 568 8113309 , 10.1109/IIAI-AAI.2017.224 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8113309/
- David Drummond, Alice Hadchouel and Antoine Tesnière, Serious games for health: three steps forwards, Advances in Simulation, 2, 1, (2017).
- Maya Israel, Shuai Wang and Matthew T. Marino, A multilevel analysis of diverse learners playing life science video games: Interactions between game content, learning disability status, reading proficiency, and gender, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 53, 2, (324-345), (2015).
- J. Martí‐Parreño, E. Méndez‐Ibáñez and A. Alonso‐Arroyo, The use of gamification in education: a bibliometric and text mining analysis, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 32, 6, (663-676), (2016).
- Amir Zaib Abbasi, Ding Hooi Ting and Helmut Hlavacs, A Revisit of the Measurements on Engagement in Videogames: A New Scale Development, Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2016, 10.1007/978-3-319-46100-7_25, (247-252), (2016).
- Amir Zaib Abbasi, Ding Hooi Ting and Helmut Hlavacs, Proposing a New Conceptual Model Predicting Consumer Videogame Engagement Triggered Through Playful-Consumption Experiences, Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2016, 10.1007/978-3-319-46100-7_11, (126-134), (2016).
- Juan Feldman, Ariel Monteserin and Analía Amandi, Can digital games help us identify our skills to manage abstractions?, Applied Intelligence, 45, 4, (1103), (2016).
- Dragana Martinovic, Gerald H. Burgess, Chantal M. Pomerleau and Cristina Marin, Computer games that exercise cognitive skills: What makes them engaging for children?, Computers in Human Behavior, 60, (451), (2016).
- Shelly Welch and Peter Smith, The User Experience of Disney Infinity, Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality, 10.1007/978-3-319-39907-2_8, (81-91), (2016). 2016 International Conference on Educational Innovation through Technology (EITT) Tainan, Taiwan 2016 International Conference on Educational Innovation through Technology (EITT) IEEE , (2016). 978-1-5090-6138-9 Shu-Yuan Tao, Yun-Hsuan Huang and Mei-Jia Tsai Applying the Flipped Classroom with Game-Based Learning in Elementary School Students' English Learning , (2016). 59 63 7839494 , 10.1109/EITT.2016.19 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7839494/
- Juho Hamari, David J. Shernoff, Elizabeth Rowe, Brianno Coller, Jodi Asbell-Clarke and Teon Edwards, Challenging games help students learn: An empirical study on engagement, flow and immersion in game-based learning, Computers in Human Behavior, 54, (170), (2016).
- Henrik Engström, Magnus Andersson Hagiwara, Per Backlund, Mikael Lebram, Lars Lundberg, Mikael Johannesson, Anders Sterner and Hanna Maurin Söderholm, The impact of contextualization on immersion in healthcare simulation, Advances in Simulation, 1, 1, (2016).
- Peter A. Smith and Shelly Welch, The Use of Smart Toys in Learning Games, Handbook of Research on Gaming Trends in P-12 Education, 10.4018/978-1-4666-9629-7.ch022, (470-480)
- A.R. Denham, Supporting conceptual understanding of the associative and distributive properties through digital gameplay, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 31, 6, (706-721), (2015).
- Han-Yu Sung, Gwo-Jen Hwang, Po-Han Wu and Dai-Qi Lin, Facilitating deep-strategy behaviors and positive learning performances in science inquiry activities with a 3D experiential gaming approach, Interactive Learning Environments, 10.1080/10494820.2018.1437049, (1-21), (2018).
