A late Neolithic expansion of Y chromosomal haplogroup O2a1‐M95 from east to west
The participants of the Genographic Consortium: Christina J. Adleraa, Elena Balanovskab, Oleg Balanovskyb, Jaume Bertranpetitc, Andrew C. Clarked, David Comasc, Alan Coopera, Clio S. I. Der Sarkissiana, Matthew C. Dulike, Jill B. Gaieskie, Wolfgang Haaka, Marc Haberc,f, Angela Hobbsg, Asif Javedh, Li Jini, Matthew E. Kaplanj, Shilin Lii, Begoña Martínez‐Cruzc, Elizabeth A. Matisoo‐Smithd, Marta Meléc, Nirav C. Merchantj, R. John Mitchellk, Amanda C. Owingse, Laxmi Paridah, Daniel E. Platth, Lluis Quintana‐Murcil, Colin Renfrewm, Daniela R. Lacerdan, Ajay K. Royyuruh, Theodore G. Schurre, Fabrício R. Santosn, Himla Soodyallg, David F. Soria Hernanz0, Pandikumar Swamikrishnanp, Chris Tyler‐Smithq, Pedro Paulo Vieirar, Miguel G. Vilare, R. Spencer Wells0, Pierre A. Zallouaf, and Janet S. Ziegles
aUniversity of Adelaide, South Australia; bResearch Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; cUniversitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; dUniversity of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; eUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; fLebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon; gNational Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; hIBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA; iFudan University, Shanghai, China; jUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; kLa Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; lInstitut Pasteur, Paris, France; mUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; nUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; 0National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA; pIBM, Somers, NY, USA; qThe Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom; rUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and sApplied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA.
Abstract
The origin and dispersal of Y‐Chromosomal haplogroup O2a1‐M95, distributed across the Austro Asiatic speaking belt of East and South Asia, are yet to be fully understood. Various studies have suggested either an East Indian or Southeast Asian origin of O2a1‐M95. We addressed the issue of antiquity and dispersal of O2a1‐M95 by sampling 8748 men from India, Laos, and China and compared them to 3307 samples from other intervening regions taken from the literature. Analyses of haplogroup frequency and Y‐STR data on a total 2413 O2a1‐M95 chromosomes revealed that the Laos samples possessed the highest frequencies of O2a1‐M95 (74% with >0.5) and its ancestral haplogroups (O2*‐P31, O*‐M175) as well as a higher proportion of samples with 14STR‐median haplotype (17 samples in 14 populations), deep coalescence time (5.7 ± 0.3 Kya) and consorted O2a1‐M95 expansion evidenced from STR evolution. All these suggested Laos to carry a deep antiquity of O2a1‐M95 among the study regions. A serial decrease in expansion time from east to west: 5.7 ± 0.3 Kya in Laos, 5.2 ± 0.6 in Northeast India, and 4.3 ± 0.2 in East India, suggested a late Neolithic east to west spread of the lineage O2a1‐M95 from Laos.
Number of times cited: 3
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