Volume 42, Issue 4
Symposium: Personalist Leadership

Toward a Theory of Personalist Parties: Concept Formation and Theory Building

First published: 11 August 2014
Citations: 13
Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Kirk Hawkins, Kenneth Roberts, and Gianfranco Pasquino who provided valuable comments and suggestions. An earlier version of this article was prepared for presentation at the 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association.

Abstract

en

Personalistic leadership—the exercise of authority vested in influential individuals based on personal attributes rather than organizational role—is a political phenomenon not limited by time or space. But what do we mean when we say that a political leader or a party is “personalistic”? While the theme of personalist leadership is not absent from political analyses, there is a lack of scholarly consensus on core elements of the concept itself. The goal of this article is to define in clearer terms what personalism is and how it differs from concepts such as charisma, populism, and anti‐establishment politics. We introduce a parsimonious definition based on intra‐organizational power and identify a party as personalist if two conditions are met: a dominant leader and a weakly structured organization. Finally, we present a more comprehensive typology of parties based on those two criteria and briefly illustrate the utility of our approach for explaining personalist formations as a distinct organizational type.

Abstract

es

El liderazgo personalístico—el ejercicio de la autoridad atribuida a individuos influyentes basado en atributos personales en lugar de rol organizacional—es un fenómeno político que no está limitado por época histórica o región geográfica. Pero, ¿qué significa afirmar que un líder o partido político son “personalísticos”? Mientras que la idea del liderazgo personalístico no ha estado ausente del análisis político, existe una falta de consenso académico sobre los elementos centrales que definen al concepto. El objetivo de este estudio es definir en términos más claro qué es el personalismo y cómo difiere de conceptos como carisma, populismo, políticas en contra del establecimiento. Introducimos una definición concisa basada en el poder intra‐organizacional, y se identifica un partido como personalista si se cumplen dos condiciones: un líder dominante y una organización pobremente estructurada. Finalmente, presentamos una tipología comprehensiva de partidos políticos basada en estos dos criterios y brevemente ilustramos la utilidad de nuestro enfoque para explicar las formaciones personalistas como formas organizacionales distintivas.

Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 13

  • The Power of Charisma: Investigating the Neglected Citizen–Politician Linkage, Journal of Politics in Latin America, 10.1177/1866802X19891472, (1866802X1989147), (2020).
  • Definitions and measures of party institutionalization in new personal politics: The case of the 5 star movementDefinition und Messung von Parteiinstitutionalisierung im Kontext personalisierter Politik: Eine Fallstudie auf Basis der Fünf-Sterne-Bewegung, Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 10.1007/s12286-019-00422-8, (2019).
  • Plutocratic leadership in the electoral arena: three Mitteleuropean cases of personal wealth in politics, Comparative European Politics, 10.1057/s41295-019-00187-0, (2019).
  • The perils of personalism, Democratization, 10.1080/13510347.2019.1696310, (1-19), (2019).
  • The Revival of Charisma: Experimental Evidence From Argentina and Venezuela, Comparative Political Studies, 10.1177/0010414018797952, 52, 5, (687-719), (2018).
  • The Direct Election of Party Heads, Political Leaders Beyond Party Politics, 10.1007/978-3-319-59348-7, (31-63), (2018).
  • The Personal Side of Politics, Political Leaders Beyond Party Politics, 10.1007/978-3-319-59348-7, (153-167), (2018).
  • Inside the personal party: Leader-owners, light organizations and limited lifespans, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 10.1177/1369148117750819, 20, 2, (379-394), (2018).
  • , Life after Dictatorship, 10.1017/9781108560566, (2018).
  • Endogenous ballot structures: The selection of open and closed lists in Colombia’s legislative elections, Electoral Studies, 10.1016/j.electstud.2017.06.006, 49, (136-154), (2017).
  • Owner parties and party institutionalisation in Italy: is the Northern League exceptional?, Modern Italy, 10.1017/S1353294400014848, 20, 4, (395-410), (2016).
  • The puzzling success of populist parties in promoting women’s political representation, Party Politics, 10.1177/1354068815601604, 23, 4, (400-412), (2015).
  • Owner parties and party institutionalisation in Italy: is the Northern League exceptional?, Modern Italy, 10.1080/13532944.2015.1094733, 20, 4, (395-410), (2015).

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