Toward a Theory of Personalist Parties: Concept Formation and Theory Building
Abstract
enPersonalistic leadership—the exercise of authority vested in influential individuals based on personal attributes rather than organizational role—is a political phenomenon not limited by time or space. But what do we mean when we say that a political leader or a party is “personalistic”? While the theme of personalist leadership is not absent from political analyses, there is a lack of scholarly consensus on core elements of the concept itself. The goal of this article is to define in clearer terms what personalism is and how it differs from concepts such as charisma, populism, and anti‐establishment politics. We introduce a parsimonious definition based on intra‐organizational power and identify a party as personalist if two conditions are met: a dominant leader and a weakly structured organization. Finally, we present a more comprehensive typology of parties based on those two criteria and briefly illustrate the utility of our approach for explaining personalist formations as a distinct organizational type.
Abstract
esEl liderazgo personalístico—el ejercicio de la autoridad atribuida a individuos influyentes basado en atributos personales en lugar de rol organizacional—es un fenómeno político que no está limitado por época histórica o región geográfica. Pero, ¿qué significa afirmar que un líder o partido político son “personalísticos”? Mientras que la idea del liderazgo personalístico no ha estado ausente del análisis político, existe una falta de consenso académico sobre los elementos centrales que definen al concepto. El objetivo de este estudio es definir en términos más claro qué es el personalismo y cómo difiere de conceptos como carisma, populismo, políticas en contra del establecimiento. Introducimos una definición concisa basada en el poder intra‐organizacional, y se identifica un partido como personalista si se cumplen dos condiciones: un líder dominante y una organización pobremente estructurada. Finalmente, presentamos una tipología comprehensiva de partidos políticos basada en estos dos criterios y brevemente ilustramos la utilidad de nuestro enfoque para explicar las formaciones personalistas como formas organizacionales distintivas.
Citing Literature
Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 13
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