Using species co‐occurrence networks to assess the impacts of climate change
M. B. Araújo (maraujo@mncn.csic.es), Depto de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, ES‐28006, Madrid, Spain. MBA also at: Rui Nabeiro Biodiversity Chair, CIBIO, Univ. of Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, PT‐7000 Évora, Portugal, and Lab Internacional en Cambio Global, UC‐CSIC, Depto de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, PUC, Alameda 340, CP 6513677, Santiago, Chile. – A. Rozenfeld and P. A. Marquet, Lab Internacional en Cambio Global, UC‐CSIC, Depto de Ecologiá, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, PUC, Alameda 340, CP 6513677, Santiago, Chile. AR also at: Inst. Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, CSIC, C/Miquel Marquès, ES‐21‐07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain. PAM also at: Inst. de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile. – C. Rahbek, Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK‐2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Get access to the full version of this article.View access options below.
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials.
If you have previously obtained access with your personal account, Please log in.
If you previously purchased this article, Log in to Readcube.
You previously purchased this article on READCUBE_PURCHASE_DATE. Click on an option below to access.
Logged in as READCUBE_USER. Log out of ReadCube.
Abstract
Viable populations of species occur in a given place if three conditions are met: the environment at the place is suitable; the species is able to colonize it; co‐occurrence is possible despite or because of interactions with other species. Studies investigating the effects of climate change on species have mainly focused on measuring changes in climate suitability. Complex interactions among species have rarely been explored in such studies. We extend network theory to the analysis of complex patterns of co‐occurrence among species. The framework is used to explore the robustness of networks under climate change. With our data, we show that networks describing the geographic pattern of co‐occurrence among species display properties shared by other complex networks, namely that most species are poorly connected to other species in the network and only a few are highly connected. In our example, species more exposed to climate change tended to be poorly connected to other species within the network, while species more connected tended to be less exposed. Such high connectance would make the co‐occurrence networks more robust to climate change. The proposed framework illustrates how network analysis could be used, together with co‐occurrence data, to help addressing the potential consequences of species interactions in studies of climate change and biodiversity. However, more research is needed to test for links between co‐occurrence and network interactions.
Citing Literature
Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 76
- Mathilde Besson, Eva Delmas, Timothée Poisot and Dominique Gravel, Complex Ecological Networks, Encyclopedia of Ecology, 10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.10564-0, (536-545), (2019).
- Tad A. Dallas, Barbara A. Han, Charles L. Nunn, Andrew W. Park, Patrick R. Stephens and John M. Drake, Host traits associated with species roles in parasite sharing networks, Oikos, 128, 1, (23-32), (2018).
- Eva Delmas, Mathilde Besson, Marie‐Hélène Brice, Laura A. Burkle, Giulio V. Dalla Riva, Marie‐Josée Fortin, Dominique Gravel, Paulo R. Guimarães, David H. Hembry, Erica A. Newman, Jens M. Olesen, Mathias M. Pires, Justin D. Yeakel and Timothée Poisot, Analysing ecological networks of species interactions, Biological Reviews, 94, 1, (16-36), (2018).
- Mi-Jung Bae and Young-Seuk Park, Evaluation of precipitation impacts on benthic macroinvertebrate communities at three different stream types, Ecological Indicators, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.02.060, 102, (446-456), (2019).
- Allison K. Barner, Kyle E. Coblentz, Sally D. Hacker and Bruce A. Menge, Fundamental contradictions among observational and experimental estimates of non‐trophic species interactions, Ecology, 99, 3, (557-566), (2018).
- Bruno Maia‐Carvalho, Cândida Gomes Vale, Fernando Sequeira, Nuno Ferrand, Iñigo Martínez‐Solano and Helena Gonçalves, The roles of allopatric fragmentation and niche divergence in intraspecific lineage diversification in the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans), Journal of Biogeography, 45, 9, (2146-2158), (2018).
- Mara A. Freilich, Evie Wieters, Bernardo R. Broitman, Pablo A. Marquet and Sergio A. Navarrete, Species co‐occurrence networks: Can they reveal trophic and non‐trophic interactions in ecological communities?, Ecology, 99, 3, (690-699), (2018).
- April E. Reside, Nathalie Butt and Vanessa M. Adams, Adapting systematic conservation planning for climate change, Biodiversity and Conservation, 10.1007/s10531-017-1442-5, 27, 1, (1-29), (2017).
- Geoffrey M. Kay, Ayesha Tulloch, Philip S. Barton, Saul A. Cunningham, Don A. Driscoll and David B. Lindenmayer, Species co‐occurrence networks show reptile community reorganization under agricultural transformation, Ecography, 41, 1, (113-125), (2017).
- Gary P. Griffith, Peter G. Strutton and Jayson M. Semmens, Climate change alters stability and species potential interactions in a large marine ecosystem, Global Change Biology, 24, 1, (e90-e100), (2017).
- Rebecca L. Selden, Ryan D. Batt, Vincent S. Saba and Malin L. Pinsky, Diversity in thermal affinity among key piscivores buffers impacts of ocean warming on predator–prey interactions, Global Change Biology, 24, 1, (117-131), (2017).
- Daijiang Li, Timothée Poisot, Donald M. Waller and Benjamin Baiser, Homogenization of species composition and species association networks are decoupled, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27, 12, (1481-1491), (2018).
- Corrie Jacobien Carstens, Annabell Berger and Giovanni Strona, A unifying framework for fast randomization of ecological networks with fixed (node) degrees, MethodsX, 10.1016/j.mex.2018.06.018, 5, (773-780), (2018).
- Lisandro Benedetti‐Cecchi, Fabio Bulleri, Martina Dal Bello, Elena Maggi, Chiara Ravaglioli and Luca Rindi, Hybrid datasets: integrating observations with experiments in the era of macroecology and big data, Ecology, 99, 12, (2654-2666), (2018).
- Ayesha I. T. Tulloch, Iadine Chadès and David B. Lindenmayer, Species co-occurrence analysis predicts management outcomes for multiple threats, Nature Ecology & Evolution, 10.1038/s41559-017-0457-3, 2, 3, (465-474), (2018).
- Robert Fletcher and Marie-Josée Fortin, Spatially Structured Communities, Spatial Ecology and Conservation Modeling, 10.1007/978-3-030-01989-1_11, (419-474), (2019).
- Robert Fletcher and Marie-Josée Fortin, Species Distributions, Spatial Ecology and Conservation Modeling, 10.1007/978-3-030-01989-1_7, (213-269), (2019).
- Phillip P.A. Staniczenko, Prabu Sivasubramaniam, K. Blake Suttle and Richard G. Pearson, Linking macroecology and community ecology: refining predictions of species distributions using biotic interaction networks, Ecology Letters, 20, 6, (693-707), (2017).
- Nerea Abrego, David Dunson, Panu Halme, Isabel Salcedo and Otso Ovaskainen, Wood‐inhabiting fungi with tight associations with other species have declined as a response to forest management, Oikos, 126, 2, (2016).
- Hugo Saiz, Jesús Gómez‐Gardeñes, Paloma Nuche, Andrea Girón, Yolanda Pueyo and Concepción L. Alados, Evidence of structural balance in spatial ecological networks, Ecography, 40, 6, (733-741), (2016).
- Manuela D'Amen, Carsten Rahbek, Niklaus E. Zimmermann and Antoine Guisan, Spatial predictions at the community level: from current approaches to future frameworks, Biological Reviews, 92, 1, (169-187), (2015).
- Justin A. Lathlean, Russell A. McWilliam, Jonathan Pankhurst and Todd E. Minchinton, Altering species interactions outweighs the effects of experimental warming in structuring a rocky shore community, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 496, (22), (2017).
- Paige E. Copenhaver‐Parry, Bryan N. Shuman and Daniel B. Tinker, Toward an improved conceptual understanding of North American tree species distributions, Ecosphere, 8, 6, (2017).
- Kévin Cazelles, Nicolas Mouquet, David Mouillot and Dominique Gravel, On the integration of biotic interaction and environmental constraints at the biogeographical scale, Ecography, 39, 10, (921-931), (2016).
- Naia Morueta‐Holme, Benjamin Blonder, Brody Sandel, Brian J. McGill, Robert K. Peet, Jeffrey E. Ott, Cyrille Violle, Brian J. Enquist, Peter M. Jørgensen and Jens‐Christian Svenning, A network approach for inferring species associations from co‐occurrence data, Ecography, 39, 12, (1139-1150), (2016).
- Ayesha I. T. Tulloch, Iadine Chadès, Yann Dujardin, Martin J. Westgate, Peter W. Lane and David Lindenmayer, Dynamic species co‐occurrence networks require dynamic biodiversity surrogates, Ecography, 39, 12, (1185-1196), (2016).
- Alexander Royan, S. James Reynolds, David M. Hannah, Christel Prudhomme, David G. Noble and Jonathan P. Sadler, Shared environmental responses drive co‐occurrence patterns in river bird communities, Ecography, 39, 8, (733-742), (2015).
- Otso Ovaskainen, Nerea Abrego, Panu Halme and David Dunson, Using latent variable models to identify large networks of species‐to‐species associations at different spatial scales, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 5, (549-555), (2015).
- J. Comte, C. Lovejoy, S. Crevecoeur and W. F. Vincent, Co-occurrence patterns in aquatic bacterial communities across changing permafrost landscapes, Biogeosciences, 13, 1, (175), (2016).
- Josef Novotný and Jiří Hasman, Exploring the spatial relatedness network of the global system of international migration, Journal of Maps, 12, sup1, (570), (2016).
- Cristóbal Anguita and Alejandro Simeone, The shifting roles of intrinsic traits in determining seasonal feeding flock composition in seabirds, Behavioral Ecology, 27, 2, (501), (2016).
- Emmanuel A. Frimpong, Jian Huang and Yu Liang, IchthyMaps: A Database of Historical Distributions of Freshwater Fishes of the United States, Fisheries, 41, 10, (590-599), (2016).
- Steven N. Baldassano and Danielle S. Bassett, Topological distortion and reorganized modular structure of gut microbial co-occurrence networks in inflammatory bowel disease, Scientific Reports, 6, 1, (2016).
- G. Caneva, F. Bartoli, V. Savo, Y. Futagami and G. Strona, Combining Statistical Tools and Ecological Assessments in the Study of Biodeterioration Patterns of Stone Temples in Angkor (Cambodia), Scientific Reports, 10.1038/srep32601, 6, 1, (2016).
- Kévin Cazelles, Miguel B. Araújo, Nicolas Mouquet and Dominique Gravel, A theory for species co-occurrence in interaction networks, Theoretical Ecology, 10.1007/s12080-015-0281-9, 9, 1, (39-48), (2015).
- Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry, Shannon E. Albeke and Daniel B. Tinker, Do community-level models account for the effects of biotic interactions? A comparison of community-level and species distribution modeling of Rocky Mountain conifers, Plant Ecology, 217, 5, (533), (2016).
- Marco Milazzo, Federico Quattrocchi, Ernesto Azzurro, Angelo Palmeri, Renato Chemello, Antonio Di Franco, Paolo Guidetti, Enric Sala, Mariangela Sciandra, Fabio Badalamenti and José A. García-Charton, Warming-related shifts in the distribution of two competing coastal wrasses, Marine Environmental Research, 120, (55), (2016).
- A. A. Chariton, M. Sun, J. Gibson, J. A. Webb, K. M. Y. Leung, C. W. Hickey and G. C. Hose, Emergent technologies and analytical approaches for understanding the effects of multiple stressors in aquatic environments, Marine and Freshwater Research, 10.1071/MF15190, 67, 4, (414), (2016).
- Juan M. Pérez-García, Esther Sebastián-González, Francisco Botella and José A. Sánchez-Zapata, Selecting indicator species of infrastructure impacts using network analysis and biological traits: Bird electrocution and power lines, Ecological Indicators, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.07.020, 60, (428-433), (2016).
- Manuela D'Amen, Anne Dubuis, Rui F. Fernandes, Julien Pottier, Loïc Pellissier and Antoine Guisan, Using species richness and functional traits predictions to constrain assemblage predictions from stacked species distribution models, Journal of Biogeography, 42, 7, (1255-1266), (2015).
- Timothée Poisot, Daniel B. Stouffer and Dominique Gravel, Beyond species: why ecological interaction networks vary through space and time, Oikos, 124, 3, (243-251), (2014).
- Paul E. Renaud, Mikael K. Sejr, Bodil A. Bluhm, Boris Sirenko and Ingrid H. Ellingsen, The future of Arctic benthos: Expansion, invasion, and biodiversity, Progress in Oceanography, 139, (244), (2015).
- Mara Baudena, Angel Sánchez, Co-Pierre Georg, Paloma Ruiz-Benito, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Miguel A. Zavala and Max Rietkerk, Revealing patterns of local species richness along environmental gradients with a novel network tool, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/srep11561, 5, 1, (2015).
- Ignacio Morales-Castilla, Miguel G. Matias, Dominique Gravel and Miguel B. Araújo, Inferring biotic interactions from proxies, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 30, 6, (347), (2015).
- Vincent Miele, Franck Picard and Stéphane Dray, Spatially constrained clustering of ecological networks, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 5, 8, (771-779), (2014).
- William Godsoe, Inferring the similarity of species distributions using Species’ Distribution Models, Ecography, 37, 2, (130-136), (2013).
- Joseph A. Veech, The pairwise approach to analysing species co‐occurrence, Journal of Biogeography, 41, 6, (1029-1035), (2014).
- Miguel B. Araújo and Alejandro Rozenfeld, The geographic scaling of biotic interactions, Ecography, 37, 5, (406-415), (2014).
- Joseph R. Ferrari, Evan L. Preisser and Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Modeling the spread of invasive species using dynamic network models, Biological Invasions, 10.1007/s10530-013-0552-6, 16, 4, (949-960), (2013).
- Anabela Carvalho, Luísa Schmidt, Filipe Duarte Santos and Ana Delicado, Climate change research and policy in Portugal, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5, 2, (199-217), (2013).
- Timothée Poisot, Bérangère Péquin and Dominique Gravel, High‐Throughput Sequencing: A Roadmap Toward Community Ecology, Ecology and Evolution, 3, 4, (1125-1139), (2013).
- Tereza Cristina Giannini, Daniel S. Chapman, Antonio Mauro Saraiva, Isabel Alves‐dos‐Santos and Jacobus C. Biesmeijer, Improving species distribution models using biotic interactions: a case study of parasites, pollinators and plants, Ecography, 36, 6, (649-656), (2012).
- Daniel W. Carstensen, Bo Dalsgaard, Jens‐Christian Svenning, Carsten Rahbek, Jon Fjeldså, William J. Sutherland and Jens M. Olesen, The functional biogeography of species: biogeographical species roles of birds in Wallacea and the West Indies, Ecography, 36, 10, (1097-1105), (2013).
- John W. Williams, Jessica L. Blois, Jacquelyn L. Gill, Leila M. Gonzales, Eric C. Grimm, Alejandro Ordonez, Bryan Shuman and Samuel D. Veloz, Model systems for a no‐analog future: species associations and climates during the last deglaciation, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1297, 1, (29-43), (2013).
- Steffen U. Pauls, Carsten Nowak, Miklós Bálint and Markus Pfenninger, The impact of global climate change on genetic diversity within populations and species, Molecular Ecology, 22, 4, (925-946), (2012).
- Dominique Gravel, Timothée Poisot, Camille Albouy, Laure Velez and David Mouillot, Inferring food web structure from predator–prey body size relationships, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 4, 11, (1083-1090), (2013).
- Hari Sridhar, Ferenc Jordán and Kartik Shanker, Species importance in a heterospecific foraging association network, Oikos, 122, 9, (1325-1334), (2013).
- Marco Pautasso, Gregor Aas, Valentin Queloz and Ottmar Holdenrieder, European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) dieback – A conservation biology challenge, Biological Conservation, 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.026, 158, (37-49), (2013).
- Maria Triviño, Mar Cabeza, Wilfried Thuiller, Thomas Hickler and Miguel B. Araújo, Risk assessment for Iberian birds under global change, Biological Conservation, 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.005, 168, (192-200), (2013).
- Daril A. Vilhena, Elisha B. Harris, Carl T. Bergstrom, Max E. Maliska, Peter D. Ward, Christian A. Sidor, Caroline A. E. Strömberg and Gregory P. Wilson, Bivalve network reveals latitudinal selectivity gradient at the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, Scientific Reports, 3, 1, (2013).
- Mans Schepers, J. F. Scheepens, René T. J. Cappers, Onno F. R. van Tongeren, Daan C. M. Raemaekers and Renée M. Bekker, An objective method based on assemblages of subfossil plant macro-remains to reconstruct past natural vegetation: a case study at Swifterbant, The Netherlands, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 22, 3, (243), (2013).
- Tobin D. Northfield, Anthony R. Ives and Nick H. Barton, Coevolution and the Effects of Climate Change on Interacting Species, PLoS Biology, 11, 10, (e1001685), (2013).
- J. L. Blois, P. L. Zarnetske, M. C. Fitzpatrick and S. Finnegan, Climate Change and the Past, Present, and Future of Biotic Interactions, Science, 10.1126/science.1237184, 341, 6145, (499-504), (2013).
- Miguel B. Araújo and A. Townsend Peterson, Uses and misuses of bioclimatic envelope modeling, Ecology, 93, 7, (1527-1539), (2012).
- B.A. Woodcock, J.M. Bullock, M. Nowakowski, R. Orr, J.R.B. Tallowin and R.F. Pywell, Enhancing floral diversity to increase the robustness of grassland beetle assemblages to environmental change, Conservation Letters, 5, 6, (459-469), (2012).
- CRISTINA FIERA and WERNER ULRICH, Spatial patterns in the distribution of European springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 105, 3, (498-506), (2012).
- Marco Pautasso, Thomas F. Döring, Matteo Garbelotto, Lorenzo Pellis and Mike J. Jeger, Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends, European Journal of Plant Pathology, 10.1007/s10658-012-9936-1, 133, 1, (295-313), (2012).
- P. L. Zarnetske, D. K. Skelly and M. C. Urban, Biotic Multipliers of Climate Change, Science, 336, 6088, (1516), (2012).
- François Guilhaumon, Boris R. Krasnov, Robert Poulin, Georgy I. Shenbrot and David Mouillot, Latitudinal mismatches between the components of mammal-flea interaction networks, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 7, (725), (2012).
- Mariana Munguía, Carsten Rahbek, Thiago F. Rangel, Jose Alexandre F. Diniz-Filho, Miguel B. Araújo and Nicolas Mouquet, Equilibrium of Global Amphibian Species Distributions with Climate, PLoS ONE, 7, 4, (e34420), (2012).
- Cornelis G. Hoogeweg, Debra L. Denton, Rich Breuer, W. Martin Williams and Patti TenBrook, Development of a Spatial-Temporal Co-occurrence Index To Evaluate Relative Pesticide Risks to Threatened and Endangered Species, Pesticide Regulation and the Endangered Species Act, 10.1021/bk-2012-1111.ch022, (303-323), (2012).
- M. Pautasso, Observed impacts of climate change on terrestrial birds in Europe: an overview, Italian Journal of Zoology, 10.1080/11250003.2011.627381, 79, 2, (296-314), (2012).
- Andrés Baselga, Jorge M. Lobo, Jens-Christian Svenning and Miguel B. Araújo, Global patterns in the shape of species geographical ranges reveal range determinants, Journal of Biogeography, 39, 4, (760), (2012).
- P. Segurado, W.E. Kunin, A.F. Filipe and M.B. Araújo, Patterns of coexistence of two species of freshwater turtles are affected by spatial scale, Basic and Applied Ecology, 13, 4, (371), (2012).
- Daniel K. Gibson-Reinemer and Frank J. Rahel, Inconsistent Range Shifts within Species Highlight Idiosyncratic Responses to Climate Warming, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0132103, 10, 7, (e0132103), (2015).
- Daniel J. McGarvey and Joseph A. Veech, Modular structure in fish co-occurrence networks: A comparison across spatial scales and grouping methodologies, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0208720, 13, 12, (e0208720), (2018).
