Functional mimetic peptide discovery isolated by phage display interacts selectively to fibronectin domain and inhibits gelatinase

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play critical roles in a multiple number of autoimmunity diseases progression and metastasis of solid tumor. Gelatinases including MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 are extremely overexpressed in multiple pathological processes. MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 breakdown the extracellular matrix component gelatin very efficaciously. Therefore, designing and expansion of MMPs inhibitors can be an engrossing plan for therapeutic intermediacy. Anyway, a wide range of MMPs inhibitors face failure in several clinical trials. Due to sequence and structural conservation across the various MMPs, achieving specific and selective inhibitors is very demanding. In the current study, a phage‐displayed peptide library was screened using active human recombinant MMP‐9 protein and evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Here, we isolate novel peptide sequence from phage display peptide libraries that can be a specific gelatinase inhibitor. Interestingly, in silico molecular docking showed strong interactions between the peptide three‐dimensional models and some important residues of the MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 proteins at the fibronectin domain. A consensus peptide sequence was then synthesized (named as RSH‐12) to evaluate its inhibitory potency by in vitro assays. Zymography assay was employed to evaluate the effect of RSH‐12 on gelatinolysis activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 secretion from the HT1080 cells using different concentrations of RSH‐12 and inhibiting MMP‐9‐ and MMP‐2‐driven gelatin proteolysis, measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate‐gelatin degradation assay and HT1080 cell invasion assay on Matrigel (gelatinous protein mixture). The negative control peptide (CP) with the irrelevant sequence and no MMP inhibition properties and the positive control compound (GM6001) as a potent inhibitor of MMPs were used to assess the selectivity and specificity of gelatinases inhibition by RSH‐12. Therefore, RSH‐12 decreased the gelatin degradation by specifically preventing gelatin binding to MMP‐9 and MMP‐2. Selective gelatinase inhibitors may prove the usefulness of the new peptide discovered in tumor targeting and anticancer and anti‐inflammation therapies.