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Global Ecology and Biogeography
Research Paper

Species' intrinsic traits inform their range limitations and vulnerability under environmental change

Alba Estrada

Corresponding Author

CIBIO‐InBIO, Universidade de Évora, Casa Cordovil 2° Andar, Rua Dr. Joaquim Henrique da Fonseca, 7000‐890 Évora, Portugal

Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD‐CSIC), Sevilla, Spain

Correspondence: Alba Estrada and Regan Early, CIBIO‐InBIO, Universidade de Évora, Casa Cordovil 2° Andar, Rua Dr. Joaquim Henrique da Fonseca, 7000‐890, Évora, Portugal. Centre for Ecology & Conservation, Cornwall Campus, University of Exeter, UK.

E‐mail: albaestradaa@gmail.com, r.early@exeter.ac.uk

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Catarina Meireles

CIBIO‐InBIO, Universidade de Évora, Casa Cordovil 2° Andar, Rua Dr. Joaquim Henrique da Fonseca, 7000‐890 Évora, Portugal

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Ignacio Morales‐Castilla

CIBIO‐InBIO, Universidade de Évora, Casa Cordovil 2° Andar, Rua Dr. Joaquim Henrique da Fonseca, 7000‐890 Évora, Portugal

Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada

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Peter Poschlod

Institut für Botanik, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

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David Vieites

Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

CIBIO, Universidade de Porto, Portugal

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Miguel B. Araújo

CIBIO‐InBIO, Universidade de Évora, Casa Cordovil 2° Andar, Rua Dr. Joaquim Henrique da Fonseca, 7000‐890 Évora, Portugal

Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

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Regan Early

Corresponding Author

CIBIO‐InBIO, Universidade de Évora, Casa Cordovil 2° Andar, Rua Dr. Joaquim Henrique da Fonseca, 7000‐890 Évora, Portugal

Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

Cornwall Campus, University of Exeter, UK

Correspondence: Alba Estrada and Regan Early, CIBIO‐InBIO, Universidade de Évora, Casa Cordovil 2° Andar, Rua Dr. Joaquim Henrique da Fonseca, 7000‐890, Évora, Portugal. Centre for Ecology & Conservation, Cornwall Campus, University of Exeter, UK.

E‐mail: albaestradaa@gmail.com, r.early@exeter.ac.uk

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First published: 29 April 2015
Cited by: 22

Editor: Antoine Guisan

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Abstract

Aim

Understanding the factors that govern species' geographical ranges is of utmost importance for predicting potential range shifts triggered by environmental change. Species ranges are partially limited by their tolerances to extrinsic environmental conditions such as climate and habitat. However, they are also determined by the capacity of species to disperse, establish new populations and proliferate, which are in turn dependent on species intrinsic life‐history traits. So far, the contribution of intrinsic factors driving species distributions has been inconclusive, largely because intrinsic and extrinsic factors have not been examined simultaneously in a satisfactory way. We investigate how geographical ranges of plants are determined by both extrinsic environmental factors and species intrinsic life‐history traits.

Location

Europe.

Methods

We compiled a database on plant geographical ranges, environmental tolerances and life‐history traits that constitutes the largest dataset analysed to date (1276 species). We used generalized linear modelling to test if range size and range filling (the proportion of climatically suitable area a species occupies) are affected by dispersal distance, habitat breadth and 10 life‐history traits related to establishment and proliferation.

Results

The species characteristics that were most linked to range limitations of European plant species were dispersal potential, seed bank persistence and habitat breadth (which together explained ≥ 30% of deviance in range filling and range size). Specific leaf area, which has been linked to establishment ability, made a smaller contribution to native range limitations.

Main conclusions

Our results can be used to improve estimates of extinction vulnerability under climate change. Species with high dispersal capacity, that can maintain viable seed banks for several years and that can live in an intermediate number of habitats have the fewest non‐climatic limitations on their ranges, and are most likely to shift their geographical ranges under climate change. We suggest that climate‐change risk assessments should not focus exclusively on dispersal capacity.

Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 22

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