Turmeric‐Derived Nanoparticles Functionalized Aerogel Regulates Multicellular Networks to Promote Diabetic Wound Healing

Abstract Regulation of excessive inflammation and impaired cell proliferation is crucial for healing diabetic wounds. Although plant‐to‐mammalian regulation offers effective approaches for chronic wound management, the development of a potent plant‐based therapeutic presents challenges. This study aims to validate the efficacy of turmeric‐derived nanoparticles (TDNPs) loaded with natural bioactive compounds. TDNPs can alleviate oxidative stress, promote fibroblast proliferation and migration, and reprogram macrophage polarization. Restoration of the fibroblast–macrophage communication network by TDNPs stimulates cellular regeneration, in turn enhancing diabetic wound healing. To address diabetic wound management, TDNPs are loaded in an ultralight‐weight, high swelling ratio, breathable aerogel (AG) constructed with cellulose nanofibers and sodium alginate backbones to obtain TDNPs@AG (TAG). TAG features wound shape‐customized accessibility, water‐adaptable tissue adhesiveness, and capacity for sustained release of TDNPs, exhibiting outstanding performance in facilitating in vivo diabetic wound healing. This study highlights the potential of TDNPs in regenerative medicine and their applicability as a promising solution for wound healing in clinical settings.


Figure S2 .
Figure S2.Pathway enrichment analysis of TDNPs target genes.(A) Gene ontology (GO) and (B) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the TDNPs target genes.TDNPs, turmeric-derived nanoparticles.

Figure S7 .
Figure S7.Photographs of the aerogel (AG), medical cotton, and gauze soaked in water.

Figure S8 .
Figure S8.Four pieces of the aerogel (AG) made in different shapes.

Figure S9 .
Figure S9.Characterization of the mechanical strength of aerogel (AG) cross-linked with different calcium ion ratios.(A, B) Tensile strength and (C, D) compression performance of AG.Data are shown as mean ± SD.Statistical significance was based on Student's t-test; *p < 0.05, and ****p < 0. 0001.

Figure S10 .
Figure S10.Hemolysis of aerogel (AG).The three tubes in the insert represent (from left to right) the positive control (PBS containing 1% Triton-X), negative control (PBS), and AGtreated red blood cells (n = 3).Data are shown as mean ± SD.PBS, phosphate buffer saline.

Table S2 .
Number of interactional genes of the 10 active metabolites in Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD).

Table S4 .
Primers used for RT-PCR