Visualization and analysis of the transformation and development of thermal power plants under the low‐carbon policy

To better grasp the dynamic trend of the transformation and development of thermal power enterprises in the context of low carbon worldwide; the background of the transformation development of thermal power enterprises, the low carbon economic model, and the basic situation of the thermal power industry are reviewed and analyzed. Yearly quantitative distribution of literature, country (region) distribution, main source journal distribution, organization distribution, research hotspots, and frontiers are all analyzed, CiteSpace and Vosviewer are used to plot expertise area maps. The results show that the number of studies on the transformation and development of thermal power plants under the background of low carbon is on the rise in general, among which the contribution of China is the largest. Research articles have been published in 77 publications worldwide, mainly in the fields of chemistry, materials, and fuels. The framework of simple theories and research strategies has been completed. However, the research community is too targeted and there are few frontier branches. Based on technology development, process updating and process development, environmental remediation, electrochemical CO2 reduction, organic contaminants, active sites, and bifunctional electrocatalysts have become the leading research topics of thermal power plant transformation development.


| INTRODUCTION 1.| Background to the transformation and development of thermal power companies
Global climate change is one of the most daunting challenges humanity is dealing with in the 21st century.2][3][4] And the large-scale revolution of new energy, the low-carbon revolution of fossil energy, and the intelligent revolution of energy management are three major energy revolutions. 5To accelerate the process of economic development, China, as the largest developing country, has proposed the development of a low-carbon economy and formulated policies and regulations related to CO 2 reduction and CO 2 emissions in the face of enormous pressure to control greenhouse gas emissions to a minimum. 6ccording to the IEA, the power industry is responsible for more than 41% of global carbon dioxide emissions, a situation that is not expected to change by 2050. 7And the relevant statistics show that China, the United States, India, Japan, South Korea, Germany, South Africa, Australia, Russia, Indonesia, Poland, China's Taiwan, Turkey, a total of 13 countries or regions of coal-fired power generation accounted for more than 90% of the global coal-fired power generation.Among them, China, the United States and India account for 70% of global coal-fired power generation, and more than two-thirds of electricity in China, India, Poland and South Africa comes from coal-fired power. 8In China, over 70% of electricity is generated by thermal power, which accounts for 30%-40% of total CO 2 emissions.China's policies and activities on climate change had a significant impact on the international community. 9herefore, to strengthen ecological civilization, thermal power companies must save energy and reduce emissions. 10With gradual progress, the pilot work is beginning to show results and the systems are gradually being improved, but the development situation of thermal power enterprises under low-carbon policies is still a hot and difficult issue of concern at the moment.

| Low carbon economic model
China's rapid economic growth has resulted in increased energy consumption, which results in a rapid increase in carbon dioxide emissions. 11On the eve of the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference, China proposed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) by 40%-45% by 2020 compared to 2005.Further, in its national autonomous emission reduction contribution to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), it pledged to reduce carbon emissions intensity by 60%-65% by 2030 and that total CO 2 emissions would peak around 2030.In September 2020, President Xi Jinping at the 75th UN General Assembly explicitly stated that China's CO 2 emissions strive to peak by 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.As the most important part of the basic energy industry for economic development, the power industry plays a key role in the economic development strategy of countries around the world.The low-carbon economy is an economic development model under the guidance of the concept of sustainable development.Its characteristic is to establish an economic development system based on low energy consumption and low pollution, and its core is to achieve the economic development goal of "low consumption, low pollution and low emission."Therefore, reforming the traditional system and developing green innovation technology is an important part of the new low-carbon economic model.Minimizing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions and achieving sustainable economic and social development are the ultimate goals of the new low-carbon economic model.
Under the low-carbon economic model, carbon emission reduction of enterprises and sectors is the key to achieving the goal of individual national independent contribution (NCD).The low-carbon economy, domestic and foreign experts and scholars have researched it.Fang 12 used regression analysis and Monte Carlo simulation to study the pathways of carbon peaks in the industrial sector.Liu 13 analyzed the carbon-neutral pathways of different cities based on the LEAP model.The results show that the industrial sector consistently dominates the majority of CO Under the 2°C target, Liu 14 analyzed low carbon pathways at the sectoral level based on an energy system model.The study found that the power industry plays a leading role in carbon emission reduction under the low-carbon economic model, especially nuclear energy, renewable energy, conventional fuels with CCS, and bio-energy with CCS (BECCS), which are the key to low-carbon technologies. 15

| Basic information on the thermal power sector
The basic industry of China's national economic development is the power generation industry.As the main body of carbon trading, the power generation industry plays a major role in carbon emission reduction. 16It mainly includes hydropower generation, thermal power generation (coal power generation), nuclear power generation, and other energy power generation enterprises, among which thermal power generation enterprises have the most serious environmental pollution consequences.Although coal plants and power plants are currently in the process of policy reform, the consumption of coal products for power supply still accounts for half of the national consumption of coal products. 17rom the analysis of the proportion of electricity consumption in the industry, it can be seen from Table 1 that the proportion of thermal power generation in the national power generation has decreased year by year, and the proportion of other energy power generation has increased steadily.However, thermal power generation still accounts for more than two-thirds of the national consumption.It can be seen that thermal power generation is still the main force of China's power supply and has an absolute position in China's power supply system.
The relationship between coal and power companies directly affects the stability of demand and supply in the energy and electricity market.This not only has a certain impact on multimarket cooperation but also harms national policies and macrocontrol.Tang and Luo 18 found through a study of corporate coal inputs and emissions that improving the efficiency of input use can mitigate emissions and risks.Also, studies on carbon accounting in coal power generation illustrate certain issues. 19,20Wang et al. 21believe that the function of changing the power generation structure to reduce carbon emissions is gradually weakening.Duan et al. 22 found that CO emission reduction efficiency performance and energy efficiency of the thermal power industry interact with each other, and the development of the thermal power industry determines the realization of the carbon emission reduction target.4][25] Although economic benefits are the basis for the survival and development of enterprises, environmental benefits are becoming more and more important for the development of enterprises. 26Therefore, with the increasing demand for carbon emissions in the global environment, it is a new way to explore new green resources to improve power generation efficiency and reduce carbon emissions through technology and reform. 27he above research shows that under the goal of carbon neutrality, the thermal power industry is affected by many aspects, such as unclear development prospects, unsmooth market mechanisms, and insufficient key technical reserves.It is faced with the dilemma of great pressure of survival, great resistance to development, and great difficulty in transformation.To meet the requirements of low-carbon development, the state has put forward higher standards for the emission of thermal power enterprises. 28Therefore, this paper uses the method of bibliometrics to analyze the development situation of thermal power enterprises under the macroenvironmental background of "low carbon" from the aspects of time series output, national/regional distribution, organizational distribution, journal distribution, and research hotspots and obtains the relevant literature on the research direction of thermal power industry under the background of low carbon in recent years.This paper discusses the transformation and development of the thermal power industry under the background of low carbon, puts forward relevant suggestions, and provides valuable information for academic research in the field of thermal power enterprise development under low carbon policy.

| Methods
The WOS core database was selected for data collection and analysis.In addition, knowledge maps for the country (region), research institution, author, organization coauthor, journal cocitation, and keyword co-occurrence were mapped using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, 29,30 and Keywords timeline distribution is drawn using CiteSpace. 31| RESULTS AND DISCUSSION To date, 52 articles have been published for the 2022 count.The number of related articles published reflects the research progress of thermal power plant transformation under low carbon environment in recent 10 years, and the development process is divided into four stages to reflect the level of research interest in this area globally.

| Quantitative analysis of countries (regions)
To present the main national and regional contributions to research on the transformational development of thermal power plants in a low-carbon context and the collaborative relationships between them, the distribution of this research area across different countries and regions was analyzed.The distribution of the research area contributions in common countries (regions) and the mapped knowledge areas are shown in Figure 2, where (a) is the VOSviewer analysis mapping and (b) is the Citespace analysis mapping.The size of the nodes represents the size of the contribution of the country or region in which they are located to this research area.Comparing the two plots, it can be found that in the country contribution echelon, China has the largest nodes, followed by the United States, and the third echelon includes Germany, the United Kingdom, and Australia.The connecting lines between countries in Figure 2A indicate the degree of linkage between the two countries.The green group with China at its core, the blue group with the United States at its core, and the red group with Germany at its core, each have some degree of cooperation with other countries and thus contributes to research on the development of thermal power plant transformation in a low carbon context.
In Figure 2B, the peripheral color of the node represents the recent years of the country's academic achievements in the research field, and the node size represents the number of academic achievements published by the country in the research field.According to the map, China and the United States are the top two countries in terms of academic achievements, indicating that China and the United States have the largest number of publications in this direction.In terms of the recent years of academic achievements published in the research field, China, the United States, Canada, and Australia are the representatives, indicating that these countries have carried out research in this direction in 2022.However, research in this direction in countries represented by Japan and Saudi Arabia has been suspended in 2021.This is due to the different energy structures of the country.For example, after Japan adopted the "FIT system," the proportion of solar power generation has increased significantly, which has gradually reduced its research on the transformation and development of thermal power plants.Saudi Arabia's power generation energy sources are almost 100% dependent on oil and natural gas.The above analysis shows that the publication of academic achievements is not proportional to the number of years of publication.However, in general, in recent years, various countries have done a lot of research on the transformation and development of thermal power plants under the background of low carbon, indicating that under the influence of carbon neutralization and carbon peak, various countries have continuously increased their attention, which also reflects the necessity of the transformation and development of thermal power plants under this background.
An analysis of the selected literature shows that as many as 79 countries are involved in research on the transformation and development of thermal power plants in a lowcarbon context.China contributed the largest number of articles, accounting for 47.316% of all countries, followed by the United States, Australia, Germany, and the United Kingdom.These countries published 573, 271, 118, 97, and 95 articles, respectively.An analysis of the 79 countries in terms of the number and percentage of articles published is shown in Figure 3.To clearly show the difference in the number of the top 20 countries in terms of the number of articles published, the breakpoints from 21 to 70 were chosen.It can be seen that China and the United States are far and away the most published, while the lower-ranked countries all have one article.

| Quantitative analysis of major research institutions
The analysis of organizational cooperation allows the identification of information on organizations specializing in a particular topic. 32Therefore, to analyze the organizations involved in research on the transformation and development of thermal power plants in a low-carbon context, the top 15 organizations in terms of link strength were selected and analyzed in four areas: Country, Documents, Citations, and Total link strength, as shown in Table 2. Of the top 15 organizations, 12 belong to Asia, and three belong to the United States.Ten of the 12 Asian organizations are from China.Among the top 15 organizations in the contact strength, the top five in terms of the number of publications are Chinese Acad Sci, Nanyang Technol Univ, Tsinghua Univ, Wuhan Univ Technol, Univ Chinese Acad Sci, and Zhengzhou Univ, among which Univ Chinese Acad Sci, and Zhengzhou Univ have the same number of publications.
Based on the textual analysis of the data, to visualize and analyze the contribution of research institutions around the world to the transformation and development of thermal power plants in a low-carbon context, the knowledge maps of the cocreated organizations were drawn using Citespace and VOSviewer, respectively, as shown in Figure 4. VOSviewer map Figure 4A provides a clearer picture of the relevance and linkages between the various organizations' strength.The thicker the connecting lines between the organizations indicate the stronger the correlation between the organizations.The color of the nodes and the color of the lines represent the clustering of the organizations, with the same color indicating similar research directions and, to some extent, the degree of association between the organizations.The green group with Chinese Acad Sci as the core, the red group with Nanyang Technol Univ and Tsinghua Univ as the core, and the blue group with Univ Calif Berkeley as the core represent the different research directions, respectively.The Citespace plot Figure 4B, on the other hand, shows more clearly the degree of contribution to the field and the year of research.For example, the outer color of the Node representing Tsinghua University is red, indicating that more research has been done in the field in recent years.The Node for Chinese Acad Sci, on the other hand, has a larger area, indicating that the institution has contributed more to the research area.This coincides with the results of the analysis in Table 2.The visual analysis of research institutions can reflect the degree of association and similarity of research directions of each research institution.This has some reference value and significance for the next stage and future research on the transformation and development of thermal power plants in a low-carbon context.
F I G U R E 3 Knowledge spectrum of cooperative countries-publications.

| Quantitative analysis of key publication areas
Journals are the biggest sources of academic exchange and communication results, and the distribution of journals can be analyzed to discern the core journals in a research area and the attention given to certain types of journals, while the field to which the journal belongs reflects the cross-relevance of the research direction to other fields. 33A classification analysis of the literature derived from WOS revealed that articles on the transformation of thermal power plants in a low-carbon context were published in 77 types of journals worldwide.Of these 77 categories, as many as 25 have more than 10 publications, with 10 categories with more than 100 articles occupying the core of the main publications.The top 10 publication categories (a) and research directions are shown in Figure 5.The top 10 publication categories for research on the transformation of thermal power plants in a low carbon context are Chemistry Multidisciplinary, Materials Science Multidisciplinary, Energy Fuels, Chemistry Physical, Nanoscience Nanotechnology, Engineering Chemical, Physics Applied, Environmental Sciences, Green Sustainable Science Technology, Physics Nanoscience Nanotechnology, Engineering Chemical, Physics Applied, Environmental Sciences, Green Sustainable Science Technology, Physics Condensed Matter.The highest number of publications was in the Chemistry Multidisciplinary category, with 468 articles.This was followed by Materials Science Multidisciplinary, Energy Fuels, and Chemistry Physica, all with over 200 publications, at 314, 294, and 293, respectively.
A quantitative analysis of the main journal source areas reveals that the research is published mainly in the fields of chemistry, materials, and fuels.Therefore it is possible to analyze the relevant research direction literature from the above three areas, thus providing a reference idea and a direction to think about for the transformation and development of thermal power plants, which has certain practical significance.To present information on authors with high relevance in the field, the top 10 authors in terms of relevance strength among 200 relevant authors were selected for analysis, which included their Country, number of publications, Citations, and Total link strength, as shown in Table 3.
An analysis of the top 10 authors in terms of intensity of relevance shows that eight are from China and two are from the United States and Saudi Arabia.The first ranked author is Yu, Jianguo from the Wuhan University of Technology in Wuhan with 25 articles and a relevance of 39.The second-ranked author is Jaroniec, Mietek from Kent State University in the United States with 11 articles and a relevance of 21.Al-ghamdi, Ahmed from Saudi Arabia King Abdulaziz University is in 5th place with a relevance of 13 and five articles.

| Keyword co-occurrence analysis
Keywords can describe the main content and overall structure of the research field, and the frontier of the research field is revealed by keyword co-occurrence analysis. 34Therefore, keywords from the WOS core database were extracted for keyword co-occurrence analysis of research articles on the transformation and development of thermal power plants in a low-carbon context.Keyword co-occurrence clustering analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software, and the keyword co-occurrence map is shown in Figure 7A.A node represents a keyword.The frequency of keyword occurrence is reflected by the node size, and the co-occurrence intensity between keywords is reflected by the thickness of the connecting lines between nodes.The thicker the connection line, the higher the co-occurrence intensity, and vice versa, the lower the co-occurrence intensity.After clustering the extracted keywords, five clusters emerged: CO 2 reduction, metal-organic frameworks, carbon dioxide, reduced graphene oxide, and highly efficient. 35,36he blue cluster with CO 2 reduction as the core and the associated nodes are hydrogen evolution and visible light.The yellow cluster with metal-organic frameworks as the core, and the associated nodes are performance and hydrogen.The purple cluster with carbon dioxide as the core, the associated nodes are carbon-dioxide reduction and electrocatalytic reduction.A purple cluster with carbon-dioxide reduction and electrocatalytic reduction as core nodes.a green cluster with reduced graphene oxide as core nodes with activated carbon and graphene as core nodes.
The keyword co-occurrence mapping using Citespace software is shown in Figure 7B.As with VOSviewer, the size of the node indicates the frequency of keyword occurrences.The difference is that the outer color of the node indicates the year in which the keyword appears.The frequency of keywords in order of node size is carbon dioxide, CO 2 reduction, metal-organic frameworks, highly efficient, and reduced graphene oxide.The clustering was carried out using Citespace software, as shown in Figure 7C.The clustering was also done in five clusters: environmental remediation, electrochemical CO 2 reduction, organic contaminant, critical review, and economic growth.
Using Citespace and VOSviewer software to cluster the keywords, five clusters were obtained.The results show that during the period from 2012 to 2022, the development of the thermal power industry under the background of low carbon was mainly affected by policy, review, environment, efficiency, and technology update.Based on the current problems and challenges faced by China, it is necessary to do the following: (1) orderly emission reduction, the balance between profitability and survival; (2) strengthen the reserve depth of low-carbon key technologies in the thermal power industry to support the transformation needs of thermal power enterprises; (3) the introduction and optimization of policies to improve the support of transformation funds; (4) speed up the intelligent and flexible power generation technology, build the energy qualification and utilization technology system based on the efficient thermal power unit.

| Frontiers of research
The timeline view reflects the research progress of each cluster over time, thus showing the evolution direction and trend of this research topic. 34Where the y direction is the keyword cluster, the x direction is the year of publication.The timeline view between 2012 and 2022 was generated by detecting burst keywords, as shown in Figure 8. Node shades represent outbreak levels.
Burst words refer to hot words that appear suddenly in a given year.Using CiteSpace to select the most from 2012 to 2022 to analyze the breaking words, the top 18 breaking words were screened, as shown in Table 4.In the field of research on the transformation and development of thermal power plants in a low-carbon context, how to achieve low carbon emissions is still a hot issue and there is a large amount of literature around it for analysis.However, the development of new materials and processes is a current concern for thermal power plants in the context of energy saving and emission reduction.From a process perspective, process emission reductions are being achieved and the results are being reduced to achieve a low carbon transition. 37,38To a certain extent, new requirements have been placed on the development of thermal power plants.
This can be seen in combination with the ranking of burst intensity.From 2020 onwards, n doped carbon, covalent organic framework, active site, and bifunctional electrocatalyst become hot topics.This is due to higher national standards for emissions from the power generation sector under the influence of a low-carbon environment.Especially for thermal power generation enterprises, the approval system for pollutant emissions is constantly being improved.What's more, enterprises are required to take responsibility for their actions in polluting the environment and to make corresponding acts of compensation for damage to the environment.Under this impetus, technological developments, process updates, and process developments are continuously realized. 39hile not giving up thermal power generation, new energy generation is being vigorously developed.New hot issues are thus emerging.

| CONCLUSION AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
In this study, 1211 papers from the WOS core database on the transformation and development of thermal power plants in a low-carbon context were counted and analyzed.The knowledge map was also obtained through the information visualization technology of Citespace and VOSviewer software.Up to now, literature studies related to the transformation and development of thermal power plants in the context of dual carbon show the following

| DISCUSSION
The low-carbon development of the thermal power industry is a long-term and comprehensive systematic project, which needs to coordinate the relationship between "development and emission reduction," "overall and local," "long-term goals and short-term goals," "government and market."Under the background of carbon neutrality, it is necessary to uphold the principles of safe supply, orderly emission reduction, technologydriven, and combination of far and near, to ensure survival, promote transformation, and stable development, and promote the scientific and orderly transformation and low-carbon sustainable development of the thermal power industry.Need to do: (1) The introduction of thermal power industry longterm low-carbon development guidance and policies, guidance, and early warning combined to better play the role of planning guidance and supervision of the government; (2) Straighten out the coal, electricity, and carbon market price mechanism, and play a decisive role in the effective market.(3) Vigorously promote key technologies for sustainable development of thermal power, continuously inject new momentum into the transformation of thermal power and achieve efficient power generation and low-carbon environmental protection.

3. 1 |
Annual quantitative distribution of the literatureThe development of the field of research, the amount of accumulated knowledge, and the evolution of maturity can be measured by the publication of the research content of the field.The annual publication distribution of global thermal power plant transformation and development literature under the background of low carbon is shown in Figure1.The number of studies on the transformation and development of thermal power plants in the context of low carbon is generally on an upward trend (not analyzed as 2022 is not fully counted) and can be approximately divided into four stages: (1) Initial upward stage (2012-2016): the total number of publications (NP) is on an upward trend with increasing years, the number of publications increased from 49 to 111, the growth rate of the total number of publications with increasing years continuously increased.(2) Slowly rising phase (2016-2018): In the 2 years of this phase, the NPS showed an increasing trend with the increase of years, with 111 and 120 articles published respectively.However, in terms of the change in the annual growth rate, the growth rate of NP in FY2017 was lower than that in FY2016.(3) Surge phase (2018-2020): the growth of NP accelerated in this phase, increasing from 126 papers in 2018 to 203 papers in early 2020, with an average of 166.7 articles published per year, and the number of articles in this field reached a peak at the end of 2019, indicating that the heat of research on the transformation and development of thermal power plants in the low-carbon context reached its peak in this phase, and the relevant industries' attention is further increased.(4) Gradual decline stage (2020~): NP in 2020-2021 shows a downward trend, unlike the previous stages, with the number of articles, published decreasing from 203 in 2020 to 175 in 2021, a decrease of 28 articles published in this stage and a decline of 2.312% in the whole year.F I G U R E 1 Distribution curves of literature years.

F I G U R E 2
Knowledge spectrum of cooperative countries.(A) Knowledge spectrum of cooperative countries-VOSviewer. (B) Knowledge spectrum of cooperative countries-Citespace.

F I G U R E 4
Knowledge spectrum of research institutions.(A) Knowledge spectrum of research institutions-VOSviewr.(B) Knowledge spectrum of research institutions-Citespace.

3. 5 |
Research hotspots and frontier analysis 3.5.1 | Hot literature authors As the low-carbon transition development of thermal power plants have become a research hotspot in recent years, the research results have had a global impact, and there are a large number of researchers in this field.Therefore, 200 authors were taken from the WOS core database.Author mapping was performed using VOSviewer, as shown in Figure 6.A node represents an author, and the size of the node represents the number of articles published by the coauthor.The link between two nodes indicates that they have a cooperative relationship, and the link width indicates how closely the authors work together.Different colors indicate different clusters of author collaboration.The more collaborative author clusters, such as the red clusters represented by Yu, Jianguo (China), low, Jingxiang (China) and Zhang, Liuyang (China), have Yu, Jianguo as their core.In the different collaborative clusters, the research institutions in the same close author cluster are all the same institute, but there are also different institutions in the same author cluster.This suggests a small amount of institutional collaboration within the research area.Such cross-institutional and crossnational collaboration is an important part of the development and advancement of the research field, and VOSviewer is well-placed to capture this information.Therefore, a visual analysis of the research literature is necessary.

F I G U R E 7 ( 1 )
Map of a keyword co-occurrence network.(A) Map of a keyword co-occurrence network-VOSviewer.(B, C) Map of a keyword co-occurrence network-VOSviewer-Citespace.The number of studies on the transformation and development of thermal power plants in a lowcarbon context has generally shown an upward trend.And can be broadly divided into four phases: an initial rising phase (2012-2016), a slow rising phase (2016-2018), a sudden increase phase (2018-2020), and a gradual decline phase (2020~).(2) As many as 79 countries are involved in research on the transformation and development of thermal power plants in a low-carbon context.China contributed the most articles, accounting for 47.316% of all countries, followed by the United States, Australia, Germany, and the United Kingdom, which published 573, 271, 118, 97, and 95 articles, respectively.In contrast to the number of articles contributed, China had the highest number of article citations, followed by the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany.(3) Among the top 15 organizations with strong linkages, 12 belong to China and 3 to the United States; articles on the transformation of thermal power plants in a low-carbon context have been published in 77 journals worldwide, mainly in the fields of chemistry, materials, and fuels, so the literature on relevant research directions can be analyzed from the above three aspects, thus providing reference ideas and thinking directions for the transformation of thermal power plants.It has some practical significance.

F I G U R E 8
Keyword timeline view.T A B L E 4 The burst word data for studies keywords.
The proportion of electricity consumed by the industry.Data were collected from the Clarivate Analytics core collection of Web of Science (WOS).The search keywords were set to "low carbon development," "CO 2 reduction," "low carbon economy," and "thermal power companies," and the period was set from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022.After the removal of irrelevant literature, 1211 research objects were formed.These papers were written by 198 organizations in 79 countries (regions).they covered 77 disciplines, included 197 publications, and contained 200 authors, including 45 major research directions, and the type of literature was review papers.
Table of organizational contribution analysis.
Table of the top 10 authors by total link strength.
An analysis of the top 10 authors in terms of strength of association of hot literature shows that eight are from China and two are from the United States and Saudi Arabia.The top-ranked author in terms of strength of association was Yu, Jiaguo from Wuhan Wuhan.(5)Combined with burst intensity rankings, starting in 2020, environmental remediation, electrochemical CO 2 reduction, organic contaminants, active sites, and bifunctional electrocatalysts is a hot topic.In the power generation industry to put forward a higher standard of pollution, driven by the continuous realization of technology development, process update, and process development.On this basis, according to the development trend of global and national policy, it provides theoretical support.