Physical activity intervention for the prevention of neurological diseases

growth factors release (neutrophils), regulation of hormonal levels along with an improvement in brain volume and functional health. We should also note that the reduction of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders have a positive activity on the brain's general aspect as well. 9,10 Nevertheless, no single superior method of training has been established; therefore aerobic, strength training or a combination of both could be an excellent start yet to be individualized based on future genetic studies.


| INTRODUCTION
The brain is a vital organ responsible for motor and sensory functions as well as complex processes like perception, learning, and emotions. Maintaining brain health is crucial, and it can be achieved through the increasing physical activity, preventing metabolic syndrome, preserving mental health, and improving sleep quality. Physical activity encompasses a wide range of exercises, from walking to intense sports, which contribute to cerebral blood flow, a healthy sympathetic system, and cellular brain regeneration. Neglecting physical activity can lead to various neurological diseases, affecting around one billion people worldwide. The abandonment of prevention at different levels worsens the situation, including negligence of key factors, lack of preventive programs, and inadequate health care systems. 1 This correspondence focuses on the role of physical activity interventions in preventing neurological diseases.

| UNDERSTANDING THE LINK BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND BRAIN HEALTH
The brain is a complex organ responsible for various functions, including somatic motor and sensory control, perception, memory, learning, and emotions. To maintain optimal brain health, it is essential to focus on physical activity, prevention of metabolic syndrome, preservation of mental health, and improvement of sleep quality. There are seven key factors that contribute to brain health, including maintaining sufficient cerebral blood flow, an active sympathetic system, brain generation at the cellular level, a strong immune system, proper oxygen saturation, angiogenesis for delivering oxygen and nutrients, and hormonal balance. 2 By following these preventive measures, it is possible to reduce the risk of neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke, hypoxic ischemia encephalopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, brain infections, psychiatric disorders, and cognitive decline caused by stress hormones. Neglecting physical activity and preventive measures can lead to a rise in neurological diseases worldwide, as reported by the WHO. 2 Physical activity directly influences brain health through various mechanisms, including improving cardiovascular fitness, enhancing cerebral circulation, stimulating neurotrophic factors like brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) for neuron protection and neurogenesis, and increasing dopamine production, which impacts movement, memory, pleasure, and satisfaction. By understanding the significance of physical activity interventions, we can explore their role in preventing neurological diseases effectively ( Figure 1).

| BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR BRAIN HEALTH
3.1 | Overview of the positive effects of physical activity on the brain and nervous system Learning and memory problems aberrant brain insulin signaling pathways are related to different neurodegenerative disorders. 3

| Examination of the cognitive benefits of physical activity and its role in neuroplasticity
The human brain adapts to changing demands by altering its While neurological diseases can present unique challenges, engaging in regular physical activity can have significant benefits for managing F I G U R E 1 Illustrates the potential mechanisms linking between physical activity and brain health in which each potential mechanism (x-axis) is stimulated differently according to the intensity of physical activity (colored bars) corresponding to the suitable percentage of brain health achievement (y-axis).
F I G U R E 2 Physical activity stimulating Neurogenesis, Angiogenesis and Neuroplasticity and its benefits illustrated via respective pathophysiologies. CORRESPONDENCE | 3 of 6 symptoms, improving overall health, and enhancing quality of life.
Here are some comprehensive recommendations and strategies tailored for individuals with neurological conditions. 5-7

| Consult with health care professionals
Before starting any physical activity program, individuals with neurological diseases should consult with their health care provider, especially if they have specific health concerns or limitations. Health care professionals can help tailor exercise plans to meet individual needs and ensure safety.

| Adapted exercise programs
Individuals with neurological conditions often require specialized exercise programs tailored to their abilities and limitations. Physical therapists, occupational therapists, and other health care professionals with expertize in neurological rehabilitation can design customized exercise plans to address specific challenges and goals.

| Multidisciplinary approach
Managing neurological diseases may require a multidisciplinary approach, involving various health care professionals such as neurologists, physical therapists, speech therapists, and occupational therapists. Collaborative efforts can help address different aspects of the condition and enhance overall care.

| Physical activity types
Physical activity for individuals with neurological diseases can include a combination of aerobic exercises, strength training, flexibility exercises, and balance and coordination activities. These exercises can help improve mobility, reduce spasticity, increase muscle strength, and promote overall well-being.

| Progressive approach
Starting with low-impact activities and gradually increasing intensity and duration is important for those with neurological conditions. A progressive approach allows the body to adapt, minimizes the risk of injury, and increases the likelihood of maintaining a consistent exercise routine.

| Incorporate assistive devices
For individuals with mobility limitations, the use of assistive devices such as canes, walkers, or adaptive equipment can enable safe and effective participation in physical activities.

| Accessible facilities and programs
Ensuring that recreational facilities and exercise programs are accessible to individuals with neurological conditions is crucial.
This includes providing ramps, accessible parking, adapted exercise equipment, and trained staff who understand the needs of this special population.

| Group exercise and social support
Participating in group exercise classes or support groups can provide social engagement, motivation, and a sense of community for individuals with neurological conditions. It can also help individuals overcome feelings of embarrassment or isolation.

| Consistency and motivation
Encouraging individuals with neurological diseases to remain consistent with their physical activity routine and providing positive reinforcement and motivation can help them stay committed to their exercise goals. shifted away from the usage of treatments to a "lifestyle" based approach that comprehends many factors, including diet, exercise, employment, cognitive activities and socialization. 8 Even though the mechanism by which physical activity improves brain

| Monitor progress
health are yet to be more determined, studies highlighted a number of mechanisms in which exercise may modulate brain health, this involves an influence on Alzheimer's disease pathology (decrease deposition of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau), growth factors release (neutrophils), regulation of hormonal levels along with an improvement in brain volume and functional health. We should also note that the reduction of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders have a positive activity on the brain's general aspect as well. 9,10 Nevertheless, no single superior method of training has been established; therefore aerobic, strength training or a combination of both could be an excellent start yet to be individualized based on future genetic studies.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We appreciate the Journal Editors's valuable feedback.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The author declare no conflict of interest.

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Not Applicable.

TRANSPARENCY STATEMENT
The lead author Abubakar Nazir affirms that this manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained.