Applying for a doctorate in nursing? Things you should avoid from getting your application rejected

Doctorally prepared nurse scientists play an essential role in creating disciplinary nursing knowledge, developing innovative and patient-centred interventions, and translating nursing knowledge into practice to improve the standards of nursing care (Broome & Fairman, 2018; Younas & Porr, 2019). Concerns have been raised that existing experienced nurse scientists are at the age of retirement, and there is global shortage of nurses in doctoral programmes (Buerhaus, Skinner, Auerbach, & Staiger, 2017; McSweeney, Weglicki, & García, 2018). There have been calls to action to promote the entry of nurses into doctoral programmes (Broome & Fairman, 2018; McSweeney et al., 2018). However, nurses noted barriers such as time, money, work–life balance, family commitments and lack of motivation to pursue doctoral education (Cavanagh & Alshehry, 2016; Gorczyca, 2013; Squires, Kovner, Faridaben, & Chyun, 2014). Amongst these barriers, one of the common barriers is limited knowledge about the application process, limited confidence in preparing a high-quality graduate application and fear of rejection (Gorczyca, 2013). We aim to highlight six factors that may negatively affect nurses' confidence to prepare excellent doctoral applications and lead to rejection.


Applying for a doctorate in nursing? Things you should avoid from getting your application rejected
Doctorally prepared nurse scientists play an essential role in creating disciplinary nursing knowledge, developing innovative and patient-centred interventions, and translating nursing knowledge into practice to improve the standards of nursing care (Broome & Fairman, 2018;Younas & Porr, 2019). Concerns have been raised that existing experienced nurse scientists are at the age of retirement, and there is global shortage of nurses in doctoral programmes (Buerhaus, Skinner, Auerbach, & Staiger, 2017;McSweeney, Weglicki, & García, 2018). There have been calls to action to promote the entry of nurses into doctoral programmes (Broome & Fairman, 2018;McSweeney et al., 2018). However, nurses noted barriers such as time, money, work-life balance, family commitments and lack of motivation to pursue doctoral education (Cavanagh & Alshehry, 2016;Gorczyca, 2013;Squires, Kovner, Faridaben, & Chyun, 2014). Amongst these barriers, one of the common barriers is limited knowledge about the application process, limited confidence in preparing a high-quality graduate application and fear of rejection (Gorczyca, 2013). We aim to highlight six factors that may negatively affect nurses' confidence to prepare excellent doctoral applications and lead to rejection.

| OVEREMPHA S IZING UNIVER S IT Y R ANKING AND DIS REG ARDING PROG R AMME OF RE S E ARCH
Choosing a university for a doctoral programme based on Times Higher Education and Quacquarelli Symonds (Q S) university rankings has become an obsession in the current academic world. Some students merely want to get admission into highly ranked universities without considering the nature, depth and type of research programmes offered at the universities. This could be attributed to the notion that getting a doctorate from highly ranked universities would enable them to get an academic position and become recognized expert in their research fields. Highly ranked universities may help to achieve this aim to some extent, but equally important is the alignment of your intended programme of research and the university's offered programmes. Therefore, it is important that a university is chosen based on its research programmes, research environment and the research programme of potential doctoral mentors.

| S K IMMING THROUG H THE PROFILE OF THE P OTENTIAL MENTOR
Merely skimming through the research profile of your potential mentor without gaining greater insights into the mentor's research work is detrimental to your first impression as a graduate student. In this case, your email indicating that you are interested in working with the mentor would end up in the trash. Mentors are interested in candidates who are responsible, keen readers and learners, and wellversed about the mentor's programme of research so that they can mentor you to become excellent scientists. If you decide to ignore indepth reading of your potential mentor's work, it might come across that you lack the analytical research skills required for successful and quality doctoral research.

| S END ING S IMIL AR APPLI C ATI ON TO MULTIPLE MENTOR S OR UNIVER S ITIE S
Some students may be tempted to send one application to various mentors and universities without tailoring it to meet the university requirements and matching it to the mentor's research work.
Perhaps, some may send the same application to two or more mentors in the same university. Such actions may show that you are not devoted to putting in some extra efforts and looking for loopholes and shortcuts. Compounding this, if the mentors who received the same application communicated to each other, your prospects of becoming a doctoral student at that university are even slimmer. Therefore, it is essential to submit effective, distinct and well-tai-

| DOWNPL AYING THE ROLE OF MOTIVATION AND RECOMMENDATION LE T TER S
The motivation letter/personal statement and the letters of recommendation from your previous mentors, employers or colleagues are required for doctoral application across all the universities.

| SUB MIT TING A VAG UE AND UNIMP ORTANT RE S E ARCH PROP OSAL
Research proposals are always required as part of a graduate application. Universities and mentors use these proposals to evaluate your research plans and their coherence with the university's and the mentor's research work. However, the research proposals are used to assess skills such as logic, scholarly writing, argumentation and research knowledge, which are essential for successful doctoral education. Submitting vague, overly ambitious, unstructured and unimportant research proposals that may not add anything new to the disciplinary nursing knowledge are often disadvantageous to your application. Even if you have an excellent profile, potential and recommendation to pursue doctoral studies, the inability to justify the significance of your research may result in rejection of your application. A good strategy is to structure your research proposal like an extended structured abstract of the kind you see in the leading journals. Therefore, make provision-using sub-headings-for an aim, a background, a design and methods. This makes your proposal easy to read and it shows you are capable of thinking logically.
In conclusion, preparing a successful graduate application is daunting. Getting applications rejected could demotivate you from pursuing a doctoral degree in nursing. Some of the suggestions offered in this editorial could be useful for preparing excellent applications. The nursing profession needs more doctoral prepared scientists (Broome & Fairman, 2018;McSweeney et al., 2018), and a successful doctoral application is a prerequisite to become a nurse scientist and contribute towards the development of nursing as a research discipline.

CO N FLI C T O F I NTE R E S T
Dr. Parveen Ali is the Editor of Nursing Open.