The effects of Jawoongo soap on skin improvement

Jawoongo is used to treat and prevent skin issues such as dry and keratinization disorders, burns, trauma, pigmentation, scarring, and inflammatory skin conditions. In this study, the efficacy and safety of 0.47% Jawoongo extract‐containing soap (JAUN‐CS) were assessed in terms of skin improvement effects such as cleansing, moisturizing, sebum secretion management, and skin elasticity enhancement.


| INTRODUC TI ON
2][3] However, factors such as intense UV rays, stress, and nutritional inadequacies can cause skin aging, which includes cell damage, keratinization issues, loss of suppleness, and wrinkles over time.It is critical to keep the stratum corneum moisturized and clean in order to slow the aging process and retain healthy and beautiful skin. 4Despite the availability of short-term therapeutic approaches that involve medical treatments or surgery to prevent skin aging, they are associated with hazards such as pigmentation, sores, and infections owing to physical stimulation of the skin. 5Therefore, in the realm of cosmetics, natural-based active ingredients are being created to reduce skin irritation and the associated negative effects.The skin includes metabolites secreted by the human body, such as sebum, perspiration, and salts.When such metabolites, particularly sebum, are exposed to air for lengthy periods of time, they oxidize and degrade due to the effect of microorganisms, such as bacteria. 6These contaminants can build up on the skin, potentially clogging pores or interfering with normal skin secretion and metabolic functions, resulting in skin outbreaks.As a result, the first step in skincare and one of the most important tasks in keeping good skin is appropriate face cleansing.For optimal skin care, specific washing practices and products for each skin type should be used in tandem. 7Cleaning solutions seek to provide a refreshing feeling, soften the skin, and remove pollutants in addition to cleansing.Choosing a washing product that is not appropriate for one's skin type, on the other hand, can result in sensitive skin or accelerated skin aging.Primarily utilized for skin cleansing and the disinfection of microorganisms, including bacteria, soap exhibits both alkaline and acidic properties capable of transiently modifying the skin's acidity, thereby instigating temporary irritation. 8The molecular structure of soap facilitates the formation of micelles, which, in turn, can encapsulate and dissolve lipophilic contaminants at their core, efficaciously purging the skin of impurities. 9However, the surfactants inherent in soap formulations have the potential to remove NMF, integral to safeguarding the skin surface, and may also contribute to protein denaturation through interactions with skin cells. 10Contemporary soap formulations are available in diverse compositions, each endowed with distinct functionalities.
Nevertheless, the efficacy of products containing natural ingredients necessitates empirical validation.
Natural soap assumes significance in optimizing skin stability through the meticulous modulation of essential oil types and quantities, as well as the incorporation of diverse herbs and natural products tailored to individual preferences.Jawoongo first debuted in China during the Ming Dynasty under the name "Yoongigo."Later, with the addition of pig fat to Yoongigo, the name "Jawoongo" was first used in Japan.Jawoongo was originally used to cure burns, but it is now used to treat a variety of skin problems, including fungal skin infections and vitiligo.Jawoongo has been found in animal models to have a healing impact on atopic dermatitis produced by DNCB as well as skin lesions. 11,12rthermore, in our previous studies, Jawoongo extract (JAUN) could effectively inhibit photoaging by providing UVB cell protection by regulating the TGFβ/Smad7 and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways in human keratinocyte cells. 13Therefore, the objective of this study is to undertake a clinical examination of the varied dermatological enhancement effects and safety profile associated with Jawoongo extract-containing soap, thereby validating its potential as a functional product ingredient.

| Preparation of Jawoongo soap
For the clinical evaluation of Jawoongo extract-containing soap (JAUN-CS) used in this study, soap samples were prepared while taking the formulation stability and consumer usability into consideration.First, the soap base was heated to 92°C, and the JAUN powder was gradually added to ensure proper dispersion.After dispersing at a speed of 3000 rpm for 3 times, the soap molds were filled with the mixed base, which were then cooled and aged for 24 and 72 h, respectively (Figure 1 and Table 1).

| Participants and study design
The mean age of the 20 women who did not meet the exclusion criteria was 33 years, that is, 7 women in their 20s, 11 in their 30s, and 2 in their 40s (Table 2).None of the 20 first women registered were excluded (Figure 2).The use of concomitant medications that may affect skin reactions, and the presence of adverse events before and after skin damage were checked, and participants were instructed to refrain from excessive activities including swimming, hiking, and fitness for the duration of the study.Furthermore, participants were excluded if they reported any of the following:

| Treatment
The facial and forearm areas of all participants were selected for testing, and measurements were performed under constant temperature and humidity conditions (room temperature, 20-25°C; humidity, 40%-60%) without direct sunlight.Before participating in the study, the facial and dorsal areas were cleansed, and the skin was allowed to stabilize for 30 min.After gently rinsing the face with lukewarm water and creating lather with JAUN-CS, the foam was massaged onto the face and gently spread.After rinsing multiple times with lukewarm water, skin measurements were recorded.

| Elasticity effect measurement of Cutometer dual MPA 580
Utilizing the Cutometer dual MPA 580 instrument (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Köln, Germany), assess a specific region of the left forearm and conduct an examination of elastic alterations pre-and post-application of the JAUN-CS.The Cutometer dual MPA 580 employs a suction method wherein the skin undergoes mechanical deformation induced by negative pressure.Subsequent to the application of pressure within the device, the skin is drawn into the orifice of the probe after a predetermined time interval.Internally, penetration depth is determined through a non-contact optical measuring system, while outer elasticity is gauged employing a 2 mm probe.The skin's resistance to sound pressure during measurement and its elasticity are graphically depicted as curves (mm/h).These curves afford insights into the elastic and viscoelastic characteristics of the skin surface.The efficacy of skin elasticity is quantified by the R 2 value, where a value closer to 1 signifies superior elasticity.Comparative analysis reveals that a heightened E value in millimeters immediately following JAUN-CS application, in contrast to the pre-application state, corresponds to enhanced skin elasticity.

| Statistical analysis
The collected data were analyzed using statistical analysis software

| JAUN-CS effect on cleansing
The efficacy of JAUN-CS in cleansing base and point makeup, addressing dead skin cells (old/flaky), and mitigating pore impurities (black/white heads) was evaluated on human facial and forearm regions.For the examination of JAUN-CS's makeup cleansing capabilities, base and point makeup products were applied and subsequently cleansed using JAUN-CS.The findings revealed a cleansing efficacy of 25.7% for base makeup and 76.7% for point makeup in comparison to the post-application state (Figure 6).
Furthermore, JAUN-CS demonstrated pronounced cleansing effects, removing 84.7% of old skin cells and 20.3% of flaky skin cells (Figure 7).As illustrated in Figure 8, JAUN-CS exhibited a substantial cleansing effect, eliminating 58.0% of pore impurities.roughness, and other dermatological issues.Hence, it is imperative to ascertain the skin's capacity to shield itself from external stimuli and sustain adequate moisture levels.In assessing the ameliorative impact of JAUN-CS on the skin barrier, tape stripping was executed on the left forearm to induce controlled skin barrier damage.The findings revealed an 84.4% increase in TEWL following physical stimulation; however, this value was mitigated by 52.7% with the application of JAUN-CS.This observation substantiates the significant capacity of JAUN-CS to restore and preserve TEWL, as illustrated in Figure 9.

| JAUN-CS effect on improving skin tone, texture, and radiance
Skin care practices modulate the regenerative cycle of cutaneous cells, exerting consequential effects on skin tone, texture, and radiance.Consequently, the foundational role of skincare, specifically cleansing, emerges as paramount.In this context, the impact of JAUN-CS on skin tone, texture, and radiance was gauged employing the Mark-Vu and Visioscan devices.Initial assessments before JAUN-CS application recorded skin tone, texture, and radiance at 59.95 ± 3.30 arbitrary units (A.U.), 11.28 ± 2.51 Ser, and 53.16 ± 21.53 Area, respectively.Subsequent to JAUN-CS application, notable improvements of 3.3%, 20.0%, and 15.0% were discerned in skin tone, texture, and radiance, respectively (Figures 10, 11).

| JAUN effect on cleansing of particulate matter
Following the application of particulate matter simulants (size,

| Safety results of JAUN
The skin irritation index of JAUN-CS was measured at 0.000, indicating a non-irritating profile, and no discernible symptoms associated with skin adverse events were observed among the selected participants (Table 3).Furthermore, all 20 participants reported the absence of symptoms following the utilization of F I G U R E 8 Effect of JAUN-CS on the skin facial impurities, such as black-and-white heads.Preceding the cleansing procedure and subsequent to the application of JAUN-CS, the quantification of facial impurities, including black-and-white heads, was conducted utilizing Mark-Vu (A).The graphical representation of the obtained data was quantified through image evaluation values (B).Data are presented as means ± SDs. *p < 0.05 compared with before using the JAUN soap group.

F I G U R E 9
Effect of JAUN-CS on the skin barrier damage.Preceding and subsequent to the induction of skin barrier damage, quantification of the skin barrier status was performed utilizing the Tewameter.Data are presented as means ± SDs. # p < 0.05 compared with non-stimulated group, *p < 0.05 compared with stimulated group.JAUN-CS, and no specific indications of adverse reactions or events were noted (Table 4).

| DISCUSS ION
With advancements in society and the economy, there is a growing interest in products that utilize safe natural ingredients for human use.Jawoongo, a topical medicine commonly used in clinical settings, is a prescription containing Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Angelica gigas as its main ingredients.9][20] This study investigated the effects and safety of the soap the critical importance of sustaining optimal skin hydration. 22,23In the current investigation, it was observed that JAUN-CS elicited a 52.7% reduction in TEWL following induced skin barrier damage (Figure 9).
The preservation of skin moisture content plays a pivotal role in maintaining both skin elasticity and the structural integrity of the skin barrier.The reduction of hyaluronic acid in the skin layer contributes to the dissociation of collagen and elastin, altering the structure of the skin layer and diminishing water-binding capacity. 24,25This alteration manifests as wrinkles and loss of elasticity, emblematic of the aging process.The observed increase in surface and intradermal moisture values of the skin following JAUN-CS application (Figure 4) corroborates its efficacy in counteracting skin moisture loss and enhancing elasticity.Additionally, the reported 7.6% improvement in the youth triangle (Figure 5) further substantiates JAUN-CS's effectiveness in preventing skin moisture depletion and augmenting elasticity.
As the skin undergoes the aging process, diverse distortions or deformations manifest in the microstructure of the skin, precipitating alterations in the skin's surface microstructure.These changes, in turn, disrupt the reflection of light from the skin's surface, resulting in the diminishment of radiance and the emergence of skin tone dullness, among other manifestations. 26Consequently, aesthetically pleasing and healthy skin is characterized by a luminous surface, elasticity, and a refined texture.In the current investigation, JAUN-CS exhibited a discernible improvement in skin tone, texture, and radiance, with increments of 3.3%, 20.0%, and 15.0%, respectively (Figures 10 and 11).Thus, JAUN-CS appears to exert an influence on the morphological aspects of skin characteristics, specifically skin tone, texture, and radiance, indicative of its potential anti-aging attributes.
Prolonged exposure of sebum, sweat, salt, and other metabolites discharged by the human body to the atmosphere, coupled with their subsequent oxidation or decomposition by microorganisms, culminates in the generation of waste products.This protracted exposure and transformation contribute to a reduction in the skin's normal secretion and metabolic functions, thereby instigating skin breakouts and expediting the aging process. 27The removal of impurities from the skin represents a fundamental and imperative process, with facial cleansing constituting a cornerstone in this regard.In this study, the authors examined the efficacy of JAUN-CS in cleansing base and point makeup, eliminating dull and flaky dead skin, and purifying deep pores, observing removal rates of 25.7%, 76.7%, 84.7%, 20.3%, and 58.0%, respectively (Figures 6-8).Consequently, JAUN-CS is anticipated to efface extraneous substances from the skin surface, thereby preserving cleanliness and sustaining the life cycle of skin cells, ultimately normalizing the skin's inherent physiological functions.
Particulate matter, recognized for its impact on the skin, is acknowledged to instigate oxidative stress through the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon penetration into human skin.This oxidative stress is associated with detrimental effects such as DNA damage to skin cells, cellular apoptosis, skin moisture depletion, and the acceleration of skin aging. 28

( 1 )
lactation or plans to become pregnancy; (2) presence of lesions, acne, tattoos, large moles, or burn scars in the test area; (3) history of skin conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, acne, or atopic dermatitis; (4) allergies or sensitivities; (5) sensitivity to cosmetics, medications, or routine sun exposure; (6) antihistamine use within the past week; (7) systemic steroid or phototherapy within the past month; (8) immunosuppressive treatment within the past three months.The study consisted of two visits over a span of 16 days, and the protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Dermacosmetic Skin Science Laboratory (approval no: DrSSL-Js-210 712).The study was performed in accordance with the Declarations as amended in Helsinki (1964), Tokyo (2004), and Seoul (2008).

2. 5 |
Noninvasive measurements of the skin 2.5.1 | Moisturizing effect measurement of Corneometer CM 825 Following the assessment of a specific facial region, specifically the left cheek, utilizing the Corneometer CM 825 (manufactured by Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Köln, Germany), alterations in skin moisture were observed pre-and post-application of JAUN-CS.The Corneometer CM 825 operates on the principle of detecting and quantifying surface skin hydration changes by measuring the potential difference between two conductors.The skin, possessing an electrically conductive layer, elicits changes in electric potential upon contact with the device, with the transmitted electricity serving as an indicator of water content.Moisture levels are quantified in arbitrary units (A.U.), and the mean value is derived from three consecutive measurements in neighboring areas.The discerned augmentation in A.U. value subsequent to JAUN-CS application, in comparison to the pre-application state, is indicative of enhanced skin moisturization.2.5.2 | Hydrating effect measurement of MoistureMeter D Assessment of a specific region of the right cheek on the facial surface utilizing MoistureMeter D (Delfin Technologies Ltd, Kuopio, F I G U R E 1 Process of manufacturing JAUN-CS.Eastern Finland) and scrutinizing alterations in skin moisture pre-and post-application of the JAUN-CS.The MoistureMeter D comprises an electrical control apparatus and a probe designed to gauge tissue dielectric constants.Operating at a high frequency of 265 MHz, it transmits this frequency to the probe and skin along the same axis.The inner moisture content of the skin is quantified through the analysis of reflected wavelengths.Moisture levels are expressed in terms of tissue dielectric constant (TDC), with the mean TDC value derived from three measurements in contiguous areas.Enhanced moisture retention within the skin is inferred by a heightened TDC value immediately subsequent to the JAUN-CS application in comparison to the pre-application state.

F I G U R E 2 2 . 5 . 8 | 2 . 6 | 2 . 7 |
Study CONSORT and a flowchart of the participants describing trial progress.2.5.4 | Makeup cleansing effect measurement of AnteraThe Antera 3D CS system (Miravex Limited, Dublin, Ireland) was employed for imaging a specified area encompassing the left cheek and left forearm, followed by subsequent analyses post-application and post-removal of makeup.Antera utilizes proprietary software in the examination of images acquired through its 3D imaging apparatus.This system facilitates the analysis of various parameters pertaining to skin topography and pigmentation, including the mapping of melanin and hemoglobin concentrations and the assessment of their uniformity.The cleansing efficacy of the base makeup is assessed through the pigment mode, with the resultant pigment value serving as a quantitative metric.The assessment entails a comparative analysis, wherein an augmentation in pigmentation subsequent to the removal of base makeup, in contrast to the post-application state, is indicative of an effective makeup removal process.2.5.5 | Facial impurities cleansing effect, skin tone, and skin radiance measurement of Mark-Vu Subsequent to facial imaging using the Mark-Vu system (PSI PLUS, Suwon, Republic of Korea), an analysis of alterations in pore impurities, skin tone, and skin radiance pre-and post-application of the JAUN-CS is conducted through images captured under ultraviolet light (UV), normal light (NL), and specular light (SL) conditions.Initially, pore impurities are quantified by computing a white and blue fluorescent sebum value (Area, %) derived from the UV light source in both the right and left regions.The efficacy of JAUN-CS in purging pore impurities is assessed by the degree of reduction in the sebum value immediately following its application, relative to the pre-application state.Subsequently, skin tone is expressed as an arbitrary unit (A.U.) value, with lower values indicative of darker skin tones and heightened brightness in the NL light spectrum across the forehead, nose, right ball, and left ball.The improvement in skin tone is gauged by the elevation in A.U. value immediately post-JAUN-CS application compared to the pre-application baseline.Finally, skin radiance is computed as the aggregate brightness (Area, %) values obtained by selectively extracting high-light segments from gloss radiance sources in the forehead, nose, right ball, and left ball.The amplification of this value corresponds to heightened skin radiance, and an elevated brightness value immediately post-JAUN-CS application is indicative of improved skin luminosity relative to the pre-application condition.2.5.6 | Old keratin cleansing effect measurement of Visioscan Corneofix F 20 Utilizing the Visioscan Corneofix F20 apparatus (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Köln, Germany), a designated region of the right forearm is subjected to photographic documentation, followed by an examination of keratin alterations pre-and post-application of the JAUN-CS.The Corneofix F20 functions by retrieving dead skin cells from a 4 cm 2 area of transparent film in direct contact with the skin.Subsequently, high-resolution imaging is undertaken using a camera equipped with UVA LED lights, and the acquired data is subjected to analysis through a histogram encompassing gray level values within the range of 0-255.The processed data is categorized into five color domains: red, orange, light green, light blue, and dark blue, each corresponding to distinct variations in keratin composition.Notably, areas manifesting even hydration exhibit a spectrum extending from dark blue to light blue, whereas dry skin is demarcated by the red, orange, and light green domains.Quantification of areas covered by keratinocytes is expressed both in square millimeters and as a percentage.The evaluation involves the summation of areas corresponding to red, orange, and yellow light in the image, with the inference that a decrease in the cumulative area covered by keratinocytes before and immediately after JAUN-CS application is indicative of an amelioration in aged keratin.2.5.7 | Flaky keratin cleansing effect, skin texture, youth triangle measurement of Visioscan VC 20plus The Visioscan VC 20plus instrument (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Köln, Germany) was employed to quantify the efficacy pertaining to flaky keratin, skin texture, and the youth triangle.Utilizing a high-resolution camera equipped with UVA LED lights, the Visioscan VC 20plus captured non-gloss images of the skin surface, each measuring approximately 10 × 8 mm in size and rendered in grayscale values ranging from 0 to 255.The ensuing analysis encompassed diverse parameters.The assessment of flaky keratin involved the determination of the scaliness (SEsc) value, with SEsc representing the luminance of the bright side of the entire image as a pixel contrasted against the total histogram.The four values analyzed for this purpose included roughness (SEr), scaliness (SEsc), smoothness (SEsm), and wrinkles (SEw).The improvement in skin texture was gauged through the evaluation of the roughness (SEr) value, where an increase post-JAUN-CS application, relative to the pre-application state, was considered indicative of enhanced skin texture.The evaluation of the youth triangle entailed an examination of the structure, direction, and distribution of lines within polygonal cells surrounded by lines in derived images, with subsequent analyses conducted on these parameters.Damaged skin barrier improvement measurement of Tewameter TM 300 The amelioration of compromised skin barrier integrity was assessed through employment of the Tewameter TM 300 instrument (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Köln, Germany).This device quantified alterations in trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL, g/hm 2 ), a physiological metric indicative of skin barrier damage and repair, within a designated region of the left facial area.The Tewameter probe facilitated the indirect measurement of moisture evaporation concentration from the skin, employing a temperature and relative humidity sensor enclosed within a hollow cylindrical structure.In comparison to the Tape-Stripping technique, a lower TEWL value immediately following the application of JAUN-CS was considered indicative of a more efficacious intervention in improving the compromised skin barrier.Particulate matter cleansing effect measurement of Folliscope Particulate matter simulants, characterized by a particle size of ≤2.5 μm, were simulated using carbon powder.The quantification of residual particulate matter was conducted through the utilization of the Folliscope (V6.0, Rockville, MA, USA), a digital image analyzer.Post-experimental procedures involved the application of the following calculation formula: OD 0 : JAUN-CS used group adsorption amount; OD x : water cleansing group adsorption amount.Safety assessment Study participants underwent an examination to ascertain the concurrent utilization of medications and the manifestation of adverse reactions both preceding and subsequent to the induction of skin damage, encompassing erythema, edema, wheal formation, itching, stinging, burning sensation, tightness, tingling, skin rash, and skin infection, all of which have the potential to influence skin responses.Moreover, IQ Ultimate patches containing the experimental product were affixed to areas on the dorsal aspect of participants, excluding the spine, and securely sealed.The assessment of skin reactions was conducted at 24 and 48 h subsequent to patch removal, employing the Frosch & Kligman method and adhering to the guidelines outlined by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA).Improvement ( % ) = OD 0 − OD x ∕ OD x × 100 F I G U R E 3 Clinical trial study statistics flowchart.

(
SPSS version 18.0 software, NY, USA).The study enrolled a minimum of 20 participants, and statistical analysis of pre-and post-intervention results was conducted subsequent to a normality test.Significance was established at a 95% confidence interval with a significance probability of p < 0.05.Parametric analysis employed the paired samples ttest, while nonparametric analysis utilized the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.For investigations involving three or more time points, statistical approaches included one-way repeated measure ANOVA and oneway repeated measure MANOVA, with Bonferroni as the post-test.Nonparametric methodologies encompassed the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon-Nemenyi-McDonald-Thompson test (Figure 3).

3 | RE SULTS 3 . 1 |
JAUN-CS effect on moisturizing and elasticityOptimal skin health necessitates a minimum moisture content of 10% within the stratum corneum to preserve elasticity.As illustrated in Figure4, following the application of JAUN-CS, the skin surface exhibited a notable increase of 74.0% in moisture values, while deep skin moisture values increased by 3.5%, relative to preapplication levels.Furthermore, JAUN-CS demonstrated a discernible enhancement of 2.8% in skin surface elasticity as compared to the pre-cleansing state.Noteworthy correlations between the youth triangle, extending from the central facial region to the chin, and skin elasticity were observed.Specifically, a substantial 7.6% improvement in the youth triangle was evident following the application of JAUN-CS, as depicted in Figure5.F I G U R E 4 Effect of JAUN-CS on the skin moisturizing, hydrating, and elasticity.Preceding and subsequent to the cleansing procedure with JAUN-CS, assessments of skin moisturization (A), hydration (B), and elasticity (C) were conducted utilizing the Corneometer CM 825, MoistureMeter D, and Cutometer dual MPA 580, respectively.Data are presented as means ± SDs. *p < 0.05 compared with before using the JAUN-CS group.F I G U R E 5 Effect of JAUN-CS on the skin youth triangle.Preceding and subsequent to the application of JAUN-CS, the assessment of the youth triangle was conducted through topographical analysis utilizing Visioscan VC 20plus (A).Quantification of the acquired data involved the utilization of image evaluation values (B).Data are presented as means ± SDs. *p < 0.05 compared with before using the JAUN-CS group.
Impairment of the skin barrier can precipitate manifestations such as cutaneous dryness, atopic dermatitis, erythema, textural F I G U R E 6 Effect of JAUN-CS on the skin base and point makeup cleansing.Preceding the application of makeup and subsequent to the utilization of JAUN-CS, the cleansing efficacy of base (A) and point (B) makeup were assessed employing Antera.The graphical representation of the acquired data was quantified through image evaluation values (C, D).Data are presented as means ± SDs. # p < 0.05 compared with nonmakeup group, *p < 0.05 compared with makeup group.F I G U R E 7 Effect of JAUN-CS on the skin old and flaky keratin cleansing.Preceding the cleansing procedure and subsequent to the application of JAUN-CS, the cleansing efficacy pertaining to old (A) and flaky (B) keratin were assessed employing Visioscan.The graphical representation of the acquired data was subsequently quantified through image evaluation values (C, D).Data are presented as means ± SDs. *p < 0.05 compared with before using the JAUN-CS group.

<2. 5
Figure 12, the mimetics' absorption for the control and JAUN-CS test groups after exposure to fine dust measured 1 286 051.42 pixels and 1 286 679.00 pixels, respectively.Following cleansing with JAUN-CS, mimetics absorption reduced to 5457.10 pixels, signifying a notable 99.6% cleaning rate and a consequential reduction in mimetics absorption.In contrast, cleansing with water in the control group resulted in a mimetics absorption of 610 490.40 pixels, accompanied by a cleaning rate of 52.5%.

containing
Jawoongo extracts combined with 11 medicinal ingredients including Ulmus davidiana, Sophora flavescens, Scutellaria baicalensis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Lonicera japonica, Forsythia koreana, Hibiscus syriacus, Chrysanthemum indicum, Paeonia lactiflora, Poncirus trifoliata, and Angelica dahurica, which are known to have excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Additionally, the experiments were performed on healthy adult women aged 20-50 years.The skin functions as a protective barrier, serving to mitigate excessive moisture loss and prevent the ingress of deleterious substances, including chemicals and microorganisms, into the body.Compromised integrity of the skin barrier is associated with diminished moisture within the stratum corneum, heightened TEWL, diminished ceramide levels, and an elevated skin surface pH, collectively contributing to the manifestation of dry skin. 21Dry skin, characterized by itching, epidermal hyperplasia, wrinkles, and other aging-related indicators resulting from cellular damage, underscores

F I G U R E 1 0
Effect of JAUN-CS on the skin tone and radiance.Preceding and subsequent to the cleansing regimen with JAUN-CS, quantification of skin tone (A) and radiance (B) were conducted utilizing Mark-Vu NL and SL light.The graphical representation of the acquired data was then quantified through image evaluation values (C, D).Data are presented as means ± SDs. *p < 0.05 compared with before using the JAUN soap group.
Notably, a study by Kim BE et al. established that particulate matter-induced inflammatory cytokines contribute to filaggrin deficiency, thereby F I G U R E 11 Effect of JAUN-CS on the skin texture.Preceding and subsequent to the cleansing regimen with JAUN-CS, quantification of skin tone was conducted utilizing Visioscan (A).The graphical representation of the acquired data was then quantified through image evaluation values (B).Data are presented as means ± SDs. *p < 0.05 compared with before using the JAUN-CS group.F I G U R E 1 2 Effect of JAUN-CS on the skin particulate matter.Preceding and subsequent to the application of particulate matter on the skin, measurements were conducted utilizing the Folliscope (A).The graphical representations of the acquired data were subsequently quantified through image evaluation values (B).Data are presented as means ± SDs. *p < 0.05 compared with before using the JAUN-CS group.number DrSSL-Js-210 712).Informed consent was obtained from all participants.O RCI D Sarang Oh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7818-0529Shengdao Zheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3398-4627Tae-Hoo Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9369-6542R E FE R E N C E S

a Age (years) b Enrolled Drop out/giving up half-way c Completed (%)
Ingredients of JAUN-CS.Composition of participants by age.
Centella asiatica extract 0.19440 Rubia cordifolia root extract 0.03667 Caesalpinia sappan bark extract 0.03667 Brassica oleracea italica (Broccoli) sprout extract 0.00002 Brassica napus sprout extract 0.00002 Pinus sylvestris bud extract 0.00002 Triticum vulgare (Wheat) sprout extract 0.00002 Panax ginseng sprout extract 0.00002 Hordeum vulgare sprout extract 0.00002 a In consideration of the dropout rate of 5%, 20 participants were selected.b Among adult women between the ages of 20 and 50 years, those who satisfied the selection criteria were chosen.c Participants were allowed to voluntarily withdraw from the test at any time during the trial period.