In this article, we seek to identify the stages of the pipeline where the greatest variation between analysis software is induced. We carry out further analyses on the three datasets evaluated in Bowring, Maumet, and Nichols, 2019, employing a common processing strategy across parts of the analysis workflow and then utilizing procedures from AFNI, FSL, and SPM across the remaining steps of the pipeline. Across all datasets, we find that variation between the packages' results is largely attributable to a handful of individual analysis stages, and that these sources of variability were heterogeneous across the datasets.

Both cortical and subcortical structures are organized into a large number of distinct areas reflecting functional and cytoarchitectonic differences. Surface-based parcellation approaches fare substantially better than volumetric approaches but have thus far been used only for cortical parcellation, leaving subcortical parcellation in volumetric space. We extend the surface-based approach to include also the subcortical deep gray-matter structures, thus achieving a uniform representation across both cortex and subcortex, suitable for use with surface-based metrics that span these structures.

This study aimed to reveal whether nociceptive pain could elicit different task-modulated functional connectivity (FC) patterns from other sensory modalities (non-nociceptive somatosensory, visual, and auditory). According to the results, nociceptive stimulation exhibited significantly different regional and global task-modulated FC features from those of the other three sensory modalities, and the task-modulated FC patterns were predictive of sensory modality at the subject level. These results could provide new insights from the perceptive of task-modulated brain network into the neural mechanisms of pain processing.

Children with mTBI and OI demonstrated reduced global and regional network efficiency and segregation as compared to TD children. Findings suggest a general effect of childhood injury that could reflect pre- and postinjury factors that can alter brain structure. An OI group provides a more conservative comparison group than TD children for pediatric mTBI research.

Using a connectome-based framework, we describe resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) modulation after music listening in three groups of newborn infants, in preterm infants exposed to music during their neonatal-intensive-care-unit (NICU) stay, in control preterm, and full-term infants. Our results describe the modulatory effect of music listening on brain RS-FC that can be linked to brain correlates of musical memory engrams in preterm infants.