Muscle injury and exercise lead to repair and regeneration in young animals, but to inflammation and fibrosis in the old. The pathological responses to exercise were alleviated by Alk5i+oxytocin, each of which has positive effects, such as increased neurogenesis, myogenesis, immune homeostasis, and cardiac regeneration.

Lysosomes are essential for cellular stress clearance and overall organismal health. Lysosomal membrane damage is tightly linked to various pathologies, including aging, neurodegeneration, lysosomal storage disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Here we review recent progress in the mechanistic understanding of lysosomal repair and discuss its implications for health and disease.