Two new Pseudo-nitzschia species were described based on morphology and molecular phylogeny. A metabarcoding analysis revealed different biogeographical and temperature characters between two new species and their closely related species, which help to define the Pseudo-nitzschia species.

The upper figure is the fruit and flower of the cacti species. The figure below is a distribution map of major cacti food crops.

Characterization of the pan-chloroplast genomes of Elymus sibiricus endemic to Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) was performed.

Ancestors of E. sibiricus (with the genome constitution of StStHH) from different origins may be different, and the St genome is of multiline origin.

Elymus sibiricus originated from the QTP and underwent a complex migration process during the Quaternary ice age.

Eucalypts are currently placed in three genera. Traditionally, Eucalyptus was defined by the operculate perianth. When earlier phylogenies placed Angophora, which has free sepals and petals, within Eucalyptus as sister to the bloodwood clade, which has opercula, the bloodwoods were segregated into a new genus, Corymbia. Here, we present a new next generation sequencing phylogeny of 392 species-level eucalypt taxa using 101 targeted low-copy nuclear loci. We find that Angophora is actually nested inside Corymbia and is sister to the red bloodwoods (Corymbia s.s.). A supported clade comprising the rest of Corymbia (spotted gums, yellow-jacket bloodwoods, and ghost gums) is thus separated from the red bloodwoods and requires a new generic name, which we here describe formally as Blakella. This phylogeny reveals homoplasy in the perianth evolution of the eucalypts. Either free petals were lost in the common ancestor of eucalypts and regained in Angophora, or opercula originated independently in the other eucalypt lineages.

Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF) is the predominant vegetation type in eastern China, of which the evolutionary history remains enigmatic. Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis has been dominant component of subtropical EBLFs since the Miocene in eastern Asia. Here we report on the niche evolution of Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis, using integrative analysis of occurrences, climate data and a dated phylogeny of 35 species in Cyclobalanopsis. Species belong to clades Cyclobalanoides, Lamellosa, and Helferiana usually habitat in the Himalaya–Hengduan region, adapting to a plateau climate; while species belonging to Semiserrata, Acuta, Glauca, and Gilva mainly live in eastern China, under the control of the East Asian monsoon. The disparity of tolerance to precipitation of the wettest quarter in Cyclobalanopsis has been markedly enhanced since 19 Ma. Meanwhile, significant divergence of climatic tolerance to precipitation began around the early Miocene. Our research highlights that the intensification of the East Asian monsoon system and subsequent species diversification and occupation of new niches by the ancient clades already present in the south may have jointly promoted the formation of subtropical EBLFs in eastern China since the early Miocene.

The upper figure is the fruit and flower of the cacti species. The figure below is a distribution map of major cacti food crops.

Eucalypts are currently placed in three genera. Traditionally, Eucalyptus was defined by the operculate perianth. When earlier phylogenies placed Angophora, which has free sepals and petals, within Eucalyptus as sister to the bloodwood clade, which has opercula, the bloodwoods were segregated into a new genus, Corymbia. Here, we present a new next generation sequencing phylogeny of 392 species-level eucalypt taxa using 101 targeted low-copy nuclear loci. We find that Angophora is actually nested inside Corymbia and is sister to the red bloodwoods (Corymbia s.s.). A supported clade comprising the rest of Corymbia (spotted gums, yellow-jacket bloodwoods, and ghost gums) is thus separated from the red bloodwoods and requires a new generic name, which we here describe formally as Blakella. This phylogeny reveals homoplasy in the perianth evolution of the eucalypts. Either free petals were lost in the common ancestor of eucalypts and regained in Angophora, or opercula originated independently in the other eucalypt lineages.

The daisy tribe (Anthemideae) is one of the most diverse within the Asteraceae family, which is the largest or second largest of all angiosperms. We analyzed the intricate evolutionary relationships within this tribe using a targeted high-throughput sequencing phylogenomic approach. Our results are broadly consistent with recent phylogenetic reconstructions of the tribe. However, they strengthen the phylogenetic backbone, refine biogeographic patterns, strongly support the merging of two of the currently accepted 19 subtribes into two others, and reveal the possible occurrence of ancient hybridization events.

Jujube underwent domestication from wild jujube centered in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River regions. This study involved the analysis of 326 nonredundant jujube plastomes, and the key findings are summarized as follows:

• 1.

  Variations in the large single copy region of the plastome primarily drive changes in plastome sizes, correlating with the evolutionary transition from wild jujube to cultivated jujube.

• 2.

  A singular large-scale plastome transfer event occurred in jujube. The transferred DNA underwent rapid mutation accumulation to integrate into the nuclear genome, exerting a predominant influence on nuclear genome evolution while displaying limited impact on the plastome itself.

• 3.

  Two distinct evolutionary pathways from wild jujube to cultivated jujube were identified: one driven mainly by natural selection and the other primarily facilitated through human domestication.

• 4.

  Wild jujube and cultivated jujube belong to the same Ziziphus jujuba species, and the domestication process from wild jujube to jujube remains an ongoing phenomenon.

Rhododendron bailiense is an extremely rare species that grows in the alkaline karst landscape of Guizhou, China, and stands out from the typical growing environment of other Rhododendron species. We present a chromosome-level genome assembly of R. bailiense, showing a genome size of 923.3 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 61.8 Mb, and a total of 47 567 predicted genes. The genome contains high copy numbers of ankyrin repeat (ANK) genes and Ca²⁺-ATPase (CAP) genes, which are mainly involved in Ca²⁺ transport, indicating how R. bailiense responds to karst high-calcium stress.

We performed whole-genome sequencing on Rattus species distributed in China and adjacent regions to gain insights into genomic divergence and gene flow, utilizing assembled mitochondrial genomes and high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our analyses unveiled significant genetic differentiation at the genomic level among Rattus species in China and neighboring areas. Gene flow analyses detected substantial introgression signals among different Rattus species, with a particularly pronounced occurrence of gene flow between R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi. This study provides an initial analysis for a comprehensive exploration of rapid lineage diversification and adaptive introgression among Rattus species, serving as a foundation for further research.