This article reviews the phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement in metallurgy, tracing its historical origins and examining experimental limitations in detecting hydrogen at nanoatomic scales. It evaluates theoretical models and proposes that further development of experimental science is needed to either validate or disprove current HE theories.

The review gives an overview of the structure and sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon and further summarizes recent progress on strategies to effectively improve the electrochemical performance of hard carbon anodes. Besides, the review encapsulates the current research progress on sodium-ion full batteries. Finally, This review provides an outlook on the future research and development of hard carbon anodes.

This article examines the effect of postprocessing heat treatment on 316L stainless steel (SS316L) produced via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Heat treatment slightly affects property anisotropy, reduces strength, and enhances elongation. However, it increases corrosion susceptibility due to nanoscale precipitations, though overall corrosion resistance remains similar to wrought SS316L, challenging assumptions about the necessity of post-LPBF treatments.

The present study deals with exploring the unique microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a friction-stir-processed FeMnCoCrN nonequiatomic high-entropy alloy through various characterization techniques. The effect of friction stir processing along with nitrogen as a solute element on the phase stability of the metastable FCC matrix is also investigated.

The study investigates the irradiation tolerance of a nanocrystalline refractory high-entropy alloy for use in advanced nuclear applications, revealing exceptional irradiation tolerance for the material containing up to two potential phases, but not when a third is present. The research highlights the impact of phase formation on irradiation tolerance to develop materials with improved performance in harsh nuclear environments.

Spatial distribution of microstructure in Inconel 718 3D-printed with bidirectional strategy with no rotation and chessboard strategy is studied. The former results in a highly ordered arrangement of coarse grains separated by line clusters of dislocation-dense fine grains. This arrangement is disrupted by the chessboard strategy. In situ testing reveals the link between the microstructure and spatial deformation behavior.

First time the refractory-high-entropy alloys (RHAEs) are manufactured through the solid-state joining of elemental powders at low temperatures using severe plastic deformation (SPD). The current approach facilitated the exploration of mechanisms involved in the formation of new phases and enabled variations in composition and thereby the optimization of RHEAs.

Several Ti-based metal oxide dimensionally stable anodes commonly used in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are introduced herein. The modification methods of Ti-based DSAs are summarized, and the application of these electrode in the degradation of organic pollutants in EAOP is also discussed. Finally, the current limitations and future development prospects of Ti-based DSA are critically summarized.

The review highlights all aspects of tooling in spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology starting from basic configuration to design adapted to the manufacturing of complex-shaped parts. Modeling and optimization are essential issues in SPS tooling design. Upscaling and industrialization of SPS require multiple die tooling. Special tooling and high-pressure SPS equipment enable synthesis of diamonds and unique superhard materials.

Electrospinning is vital for creating micro/nanofibers with unique properties and finding applications in biomedicine. This review focuses on drug delivery through electrospun nanofibers, covering loading methods, polymer types, and roles in tissue engineering and wound dressing. The discussion addresses challenges and future prospects in biomedical applications, emphasizing the versatility and significance of electrospun nanofibers in various fields.

The world of auxetic structures, where innovation meets resilience, is dived into, unlocking the potential of auxetic metastructures and harnessing bioinspiration and fatigue resistance. Herein, how bioinspired designs mimic human tissue is explored, offering enhanced fatigue resistance and static mechanical properties. The future of materials engineering with auxetics—revolutionizing biomedical applications and beyond—is discovered.

This study utilizes a combined machine learning (ML) and calculation of phase diagrams methodology to design hardmetal matrix phases for metal-forming applications. Random forest ML models are constructed and trained from experimental high entropy alloy databases to make phase constitution and hardness predictions, with six promising compositions identified for experimental assessment and comparison with ML predictions.

In this study, exciting new bi-/multi-linear elastic behavior of soft elastic composites that accompany the activation of wrinkling in the embedded interfacial layers is analyzed. The new features and performance of these composite materials, including dramatic enhancements in energy storage, can be tailored by the concentration of interfacial layers, and the elastic properties of the matrix and interfacial layers.

The epitaxially grown columnar grains and their internal cellular solidification structure in the as-printed CoCrNi and CoCrNi-N samples.

In this review, 4D printing using fused filament fabrication and its impact on human–material interaction are explored. Fundamental principles, methodologies, materials, advancements in sustainability, and applications in soft actuators, smart toys, household devices, textiles, and wood-based items are covered. Serving as a valuable resource, this article addresses challenges for widespread adoption, making it essential for researchers, practitioners, and designers.

A comprehensive overview of the latest progress in radiation shielding materials, specifically focusing on alloys, concrete, glass and ceramics, and polymer composites, is given. In addition, the synthesis methods of these materials and their corresponding radiation shielding properties are discussed. Finally, the current research gaps and future development direction of radiation shielding materials are presented.

This review comprehensively covers and presents the current research trend of laser beam shaping applications in laser-powder bed fusion. It delves into the opportunities, challenges, limitations, and future prospects of beam shaping applications. Furthermore, presents the methods and techniques used to modulate the laser beam profile, including spatial and temporal.

Mechanical metamaterials capable of compressive stiffness tunability, shape morphing, and post-fabrication modularity. Herein, the 3D unit cell design is based on an assembly of bistable von Mises trusses that exhibit a switch in compressive stiffness and resting height from one stable state to the other. These properties are exploited to assemble sandwich panels with morphable shapes and tunable stiffness.

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) of aerospace microstructures: state-of-the-art studies on UQ of microstructures in aerospace materials are examined. The forward problem of uncertainty propagation in process–structure and structure–property relationships is investigated. Additionally, the inverse UQ problem, referred to as “design under uncertainty,” is reviewed with a focus on the linkages between structure–process and property–structure.

Breathable, stretchable, and biodegradable electrodes based on hydrophilic silanol/amine-terminated poly(caprolactone-urethane) elastomers are developed for flexible electronics and bionic skin applications. Embedded Ag nanowires form conductive networks, enabling capacitive, curvature, and strain sensors with transparency, good conductivity, and long-term epidermal use, while allowing perspiration evaporation.

Soft engineering systems have seen drastic advancements in robotics, electronics, and biomedical applications. However, these systems face challenges due to their inherent low stiffness. Herein, we discuss strategies utilizing stiffness-tunable materials to achieve the advantage of both rigid and soft materials. This approach offers the opportunity to advance soft engineering, enabling it to mimic the remarkable adaptability observed in biological systems.

Herein, the long-term oxidation performance of an AlCoCrFeNi-based high entropy alloy (HEA) at 1000 °C for 1000 h is reported. Direct comparison with Inconel625 and HastelloyX reveals that the HEA has slower oxidation kinetics than Inconel 625 until 750 h. The HEA forms a triplex oxide scale containing Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃, and its performance is promising for high-temperature applications.

Cobalt ferrite films produced via inkjet printing exhibit exceptional magnetic properties, including high coercivity and saturation magnetization. This study explores how factors like ink composition, drop spacing, and sintering temperatures affect film quality and properties. Findings reveal the feasibility of creating stable, multilayer films with high coercivity and saturation magnetization, highlighting the potential of inkjet for complex magnetic pattern fabrication.