This study provides an insight into the molecular basis of sinonasal mucociliary differentiation. mRNA and microRNA transcriptome profiling reveals an altered ciliogenesis in CRSwNP compared to control-NM. Altered ciliogenesis during mucociliary differentiation may be related to the lack of expression of microRNAs from the mir-34 and mir-449 families in CRSwNP epithelium.

Abbreviations: ALI, air-liquid interface cell culture system; BSCs, basal stem-progenitor cells; control-NM, control nasal mucosa; miR, microRNA; RSwNP, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

AX- and Clav-specific T-cell clones can be generated from the same patient with immediate hypersensitivity, irrespective of whether AX or Clav is the culprit drug in the combination AX-Clav. No cross-reactivity between AX and Clav is detected. Differences in cytokine secretion are observed between T-cell clones generated against the culprit or the alternative drug in the combination AX-Clav.

Abbreviations: AX, amoxicillin; Clav, clavulanic acid.

We find increased frequencies of Nickel-specific memory CD4+ T cells in PBMCs of some nickel allergic individuals, applying a new approach based on CD154 upregulation. High-throughput sequencing of αβ T cell receptors reveals an overrepresentation of α-chain segment TRAV9-2 and CDR3 histidines.

Abbreviations: CDR, complementarity determining region; HTS, high throughput sequencing; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; Ni, nickel; NiSO₄, nickel sulfate; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; TCR, T cell receptor; TRAV9-2, TCR α-chain V-segment.

Mice harboring Tnfaip3-deficient cDC1s (Tnfaip3^Lg-KO mice) do not develop Th2-driven eosinophilic airway inflammation upon house dust mite exposure but have elevated numbers of pulmonary IFNγ-expressing CD8⁺ T-cells. In the lungs of Tnfaip3^Lg-KO mice, cDC1s have increased IL-12 and PD-L1 expression. Both IL-12 and IFNγ are involved in the reduced Th2-response observed in Tnfaip3^Lg-KO mice.

Abbreviations: cDC, conventional dendritic cell; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; Tnfaip3, TNF alpha-induced protein 3.

Circulating memory B cells are increased in AR patients. The enhanced expression of CD23 on switched memory B cells correlates with antigen-specific IgE levels, symptom scores, and allergen immunotherapy efficacy in AR patients. Tfh2 cells from AR patients have a greater capacity to induce CD23 expression on switched memory B cells via IL-4, which is unable to be sufficiently suppressed by AR-associated Tfr cells with defective IL-10 expression.

Abbreviations: AIT, allergen immunotherapy; AR, allergic rhinitis; HC, healthy controls; NSM, nonswitched memory; SM, switched memory; Tfh2, type 2 follicular helper T cells; Tfr, follicular regulatory T cell.

Basophils infiltrated the OX-induced AD-like skin lesion but barely draining LNs, and they were major IL-4 producers in the affected skin. Basophil-specific IL-4-deficient mice showed ameliorated skin inflammation even though serum levels of IgG1/IgE remained intact. Skin-infiltrating basophils play a crucial role in the development of OX-induced AD-like skin inflammation through local IL-4 production, independently of LN Th2 cell differentiation.

Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; BAS IL-4 KO, basophil-specific IL-4-deficient mouse; OX, oxazolone.

FAQLQ-CF was administered to 103 children aged 8-12 years undergoing OI for food allergy and to 25 food-allergic controls. Children undergoing OIT experienced a significant improvement in quality of life at maintenance and an additional improvement at 6-month follow-up, a time-point representing the real-world impact of the treatment on their lives. This study demonstrates the positive impact of OIT on the quality of life of children and emphasizes the importance of longitudinal studies

Abbreviations: FAQLQ-CF, Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Child Form; OD, Odds Ratio; OIT, Oral Immunotherapy.

Egg-allergic children have lower levels of epitope-specific (es)IgA₁ and esIgG₁ but higher esIgE and esIgD compared to the atopic controls. Within the allergic group, children with higher esIgD antibodies have decreased odds of anaphylactic reactions. Network analysis identifies most associations between esIgE with either esIgG₄ or esIgD, indicating potentially different origins of IgE.

The data reported to the National Register of Causes of Death database (2004-2016) were analyzed identifying the ICD-10 codes related to anaphylaxis, divided into “Definite” and “Possible.” The average mortality rate was 0.51 million population/year for definite anaphylaxis, 0.29 for possible, and 0.79 for combined cases. The triggers of definite anaphylaxis were medications (73.7%), unspecified causes (20.7%), and hymenoptera stings (5.6%).

This study explores the potential benefit of dupilumab in perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (PAR) and perennial allergic asthma (PAA) caused by indoor allergens in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (msAD). These results support the benefits of dupilumab for adult patients with PAR and/or PAA associated with msAD. In addition, dupilumab treatment significantly improves disease severity and quality of life in patients with msAD.

Abbreviations: ACT, asthma control test; EASI, eczema area severity index; msAD, moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis; PAA, perennial allergic asthma; PAR, perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis; QoL, quality of life; RCSS, rhinitis control scoring system.