Doped low-valent V, Tb, and Ce cations (with valences lower than W⁶⁺) tend to distribute on the crystallographic shear plane under electrostatic repulsion. This reduces steric hindrance between edge-shared octahedrons, with V doping altering the coordination environment of [LiO₅] in the crystallographic shear plane. This alteration enhances Li⁺ diffusion kinetics and material cyclic stability.

Enhanced concentration polarization and charge accumulation can lead to failure in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZBs). An ion redistribution gel electrolyte with functional carboxymethyl groups (PCMS) is used to preferentially regulate the ion concentration at the electrode-electrolyte interface. This PCMS gel electrolyte achieves excellent electrochemical stability at high current densities, advancing the development of highly reversible AZBs.

A cost-effective ZnSO₄-based eutectic electrolyte is designed with levulinic acid as the hydrated deep eutectic solvent, enabling wide-temperature and high-stability zinc deposition via the reconstructed hydrogen-bond network and reshaped Zn²⁺ solvation chemistry.

This study advances semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs) tailored for building integration, achieving over 30% visible light transmittance, 12.5% power conversion efficiency, and more than 90% infrared radiation rejection. These significant performance metrics highlight the potential for substantial energy savings in sustainable architecture through enhanced energy harvesting and improved heat insulation capabilities.

CaV₆O₁₆·2.7H₂O (CaVO) is prepared via an efficient and effective ail bath method with 42.8 g per batch and a yield of 98.8%. The pre-intercalated Ca²⁺ and H₂O not only expand the interlayer spacing from 4.38 Å for V₂O₅ to 8.50 Å for CaVO but also stabilize the interlayer structure of vanadium oxides, promoting the reversibility of CaVO toward de-/intercalation of Zn²⁺/H⁺.

The particle-level compositional gradation and grain-level heteroelement encapsulation mitigate over-sintering-induced structural unpredictability issue of Co-free layered cathodes, producing high-quality Co-free cathodes for reliable and sustainable lithium-ion batteries.

Slot-die-based solar cell performance comparison based on different electrode materials is illustrated from all available publications to date. Both cells (left) and modules (right) are included to provide a clear overview.

Single-crystalline SrNbO₂N nanobelts, characterized by a mesoporous structure, exhibit superior photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water-splitting activity. This improvement is achieved through continuous passivation treatment with O₂ and N₂/NH₄F, which effectively diminishes defect concentration and bolsters resistance to photocorrosion. This methodology offers valuable insights for the design of highly active and stable broadband photocatalytic materials.

A novel Ru-O₃Se₄ single atoms doped Ni₃Se₂/FeSe₂ interface catalyst is constructed by simple hydrothermal and electrodeposition methods. Importantly, introducing Ru-O₃Se₄ single atoms causes charge redistribution at the Ni₃Se₂/FeSe₂ interface, facilitating the conversion of the reaction intermediates H^* and OOH^*, thus improving the HER and OER activities in alkaline condition.

Trimetal synergistic enhancement of OER activity is observed in CaCu₃Co₂Ru₂O₁₂ catalyst, which exhibits a low overpotential of 198 mV at 10 mA cm^‒2. In situ X-ray absorption spectra reveal that the Co and Ru ions are active sites. Although Cu is not the active sites, it optimizes the electronic structure at the E_F, leading to a synergistic enhancement of OER activity by the Cu-Co-Ru network.

Light-driven green house gas upgrading into synagas ussually suffers from strict thermodynamic limitations. Herein, we propose a selective plasmonic CH bond editing strategy of Ni-based catalyst doped with trace Cu. The localized surface plasmon resonance-induced hot electrons inject into the antibondoing orbital of CH₄ under illumination selectively activates the first CH bond to avoid carbon desposition, thus orderly and efficient conversion of CO₂ is sccessfully achieved.

Mechanical, (electro)chemical degradation pathways in all solid-state batteries and associated deformation fields around them are quantified using an in situ, multimodal strategy. The effects of electrolyte processing, cell assembly, and cycling are isolated. At the electrode interface and the terminal crack, stress is an order of magnitude higher than yield strength of Li; allowing plastic flow of Li into defects.

A poly(triaryl amine) (PTAA) derivative, PTAAO6, is developed via cyclic alkoxylation with dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine. PTAAO6 exhibits extended π-conjugation, improved energy level alignment with perovskite, enhanced charge transport, and promotes high-quality perovskite crystallization. Inverted perovskite solar cells using PTAAO6 as the hole transport layer achieve a power conversion efficiency of 25.19% and excellent operational stability.

A novel radiative/evaporative bifunctional cooling bilayer is developed, featuring a P(VdF-HFP) top layer and a hygroscopic hydrogel (PAAm/alginate-CaCl₂) bottom layer. This bilayer achieves a temperature drop of 15.4 °C under 706.3 W·m⁻² solar radiation, with consistent performance over three cloudy days. Combining high solar reflectance (0.916), infrared emittance (0.900) and evaporation efficiency, the bilayer offers a cost-effective, scalable passive cooling solution for mitigating global warming and reducing carbon emissions.

Binary hollow FeS₂ complex with adaptive covalent polypeptide oligomers was evaluated for high reversible Na⁺ storage. Rapid Na⁺ imbedding/exfoliation kinetics in FeS₂ anode is achieved through “all-in-one” virtues: excellent structure integrity, contracted electric double layer (EDL), and enhanced Na⁺ transport/reaction kinetics. Moreover, in-depth insights into intrinsic protein molecule configuration and self-adaptive inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) are reasonably put forward.

Incorporating Sn⁴⁺ ions into the V₃O₇·H₂O cathode strengthens structural stability by increasing the dissolution energy barrier and reinforcing conductivity, leading to significant mitigation of vanadium loss. This strategy offers an effective route to enhance the cycling stability of Zn-ion batteries.

This study presents a universal recycling strategy that transforms spent lithium-ion batteries into high-performance supercapacitors. Utilizing in situ electrochemical treatment, the authors engineer a nanostructured interface that enhances charge storage and transfer capabilities through spin capacitance. The research highlights the energy storage mechanisms and demonstrates the potential of this approach across various commercial battery materials.

Integration of a photon-driven chemical cycle process with a continuous flow reactor, together with the Co_0.2Pd_1.8-TiO_0.2 catalyst, achieves a C₂H₆ yield of 3.7 µmol h⁻¹ with the 100% selectivity during 43 cycles of CH₄ conversion under oxygen-lean conditions. This chemical cycle consists of a controlled NOCM and the subsequent regeneration of the catalyst, thereby enhancing both techno-economic viability and safety of this process.

The Mott–Schottky study highlights the semiconductor properties of the LDH catalysts. While both the OER and HER catalysts are P-type semiconductors, they exhibit distinct redox properties. At cathodic bias, the charges are depleted in Al40 CoFe30 and lift the fermi-level near 0V (HER). At anodic bias, the charges are accumulated within Al60 CoFe20 and push the fermi-level near 1.23 V (OER).

A multifunctional additive (FTDP) is proposed to construct robust interfaces at both cathodic and anodic surface, so as to enhance the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode and SiO_x anode batteries. Even with a trace addition, FTDP can inhibit TM ions dissolution, quench free radicals, and scavenge HF, thus providing tolerance to high-voltage, high-temperature, and high-rate cell operation.

Sodium lignosulfonate molecule delivers stronger binding/adsorption energies for I₂/I⁻/I₃⁻ species, and much lower Gibbs free energies for the sequential iodine reduction reactions, which contributes to blocking the active iodine dissolution as well as polyiodide shuttle behavior, and facilitates the iodine conversion reaction kinetics.

This study demonstrates voltage noise failure (VNF) as the primary indicator of Li dendritic growth within the solid electrolyte, and elucidates the detailed mechanisms through direct observation of Li dendrite penetration. Transition metal scavenging layers using Prussian blue analogues are employed to suppress VNF, successfully improving the lifespan and capacity of the all-solid-state Li-metal battery.

Strain engineering strategy using FBZABr as additive reduces the residual compressive strain in FASnI₃ films, which alleviates the dislocations within perovskites to enhance carrier transport and simultaneously reduce the defect density to prolong carrier lifetime, enabling Sn-based perovskite solar cells with a champion efficiency of over 14%.

An intriguing core–shell Bi₃TiNbO₉@C₄N heterojunction is successfully developed, where the C₄N is tightly encapsulated on the surface of Bi₃TiNbO₉ microsheet by the cooperative interactions, contributing to its strong chemical and electronic coupling at the interfaces. The Bi₃TiNbO₉@C₄N heterojunction follows an S-scheme charge transfer mechanism to drive efficient photosynthesis of H₂O₂ from air and H₂O.

Magnesium aluminosilicate-based colloid (MAS-Colloid) electrolyte holds great capability to simultaneously address the issues of zinc dendrite and manganese dissolution for Zn//α-MnO₂ batteries owing to the spatial confinement effect of MAS on the active H₂O molecules. MAS-Colloid electrolyte guarantees rapid zinc nucleation and reversible zinc deposition behavior for Zn anode, and suppressive manganese dissolution and stable interfacial reaction for α-MnO₂ cathode.

CuS@MOOH (M = Ni, Co, and Fe) with crystalline–amorphous interfaces are obtained via a multi-step liquid-phase synthesis strategy. These interfaces facilitate the electron filling of Cu's 3d orbitals, thereby reducing the energy barrier for *H adsorption for HER. Positively-charged MOOH (M³⁺/M⁴⁺) optimizes oxygen-intermediates adsorption to boost OER. An electrolyzer with CuS@CoOOH-6 electrodes exhibits ultra-stable efficiency (96.9%) over 72 h at only 1.52 V.

A series of dimeric acceptors linked by various central linkers are synthesized and analyzed. The structure-performance relationship of linkers shows that employing a strong electron-donating linker to connect oligomeric acceptors is a promising strategy for molecular design. The best device based on PM6:DY-EDOT exhibits an outstanding PCE of 18.21%, offering a reliable approach for high efficiency and stable OSCs.

By introducing excess Y and elemental Bi into Y₂Te₃, this study achieves significant thermoelectric enhancements through grain boundary engineering, yielding a fourfold increase in the Seebeck coefficient, improved power factor, and a peak zT of 1.23 at 973 K, highlighting Y₂Te₃'s suitability for high-temperature applications and the efficacy of grain boundary optimization in thermoelectric performance enhancement.

The solvating power of an electrolyte can be adjusted by introducing the interactions between hydrogen in the main solvent and fluorine in fluorinated solvents. Excessive solvating power increases LiPS dissolution, whereas insufficient solvating power hinders LiPS formation. Therefore, moderately solvating electrolytes are optimal for achieving high energy densities in Li–S batteries.

In this work, Cu(In_0.3Ga_0.7)₃S₅ is developed as a novel hole transport layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cells. Careful cation management of the HTL significantly enhances the interfacial defect properties and lead to a 3.5× improvement in the T₈₀ (the time to retain 80% of the initial efficiency) lifetime of the solar cell device compared to conventional NiO HTL-based devices.

Two bromothiazole solid additives, 2,5-dibromothiazol (DBrTz) and 2-bromo-5-iodothiazol (BrITz), are added into PM6:L8-BO blends to improve the film-forming kinetics and enhance molecular aggregation. The working mechanism of DBrTz is “enhanced aggregation in pseudo-dry film,” which facilitates L8-BO in achieving compact stacking, optimizes face-on orientation and vertical phase separation of the active layer, ultimately resulting in an efficiency of 19.4%.

The carbazole-fused propeller-shaped non-planar hexaarylbenzene (HAB)-based compound K5-36, used as a hole selective layer in combination with the SAM of 4PADCB and hybrid perovskite in a p-i-n PSC device, induced the growth of larger perovskite grains and effectively suppressed non-radiative recombination. Notably, the best PCE reached 42.02% under dim-light conditions, demonstrating competitive potential comparable to high-efficiency PSCs.

Phosphorization, highly open branched structure of PtNi nanohexapods (PtNiNHs), anchoring effect of the N-doped graphene aerogel (NGA) to the PtNiNHs, and interconnected porous architecture endow the P-PtNiNH/NGA with accelerated water dissociation kinetics, strong electron interaction for optimal intermediate adsorption, enhanced intrinsic structure stability, and fast mass transport, thus an outstanding comprehensive hydrogen evolution performance.

This study investigates transition metal and oxygen redox reactions in Mn-rich layered cathodes, enhancing stability through Li, Mg, and Ni co-doping in the P2-type Na_xMnO₂. The optimized Na_0.7[Li_0.1Mg_0.05Ni_0.15Mn_0.7]O₂ composition demonstrates improved electrochemical stability by Ni, Mn, and O redox activity within the P2 structural framework.

Tempo-spatial manipulation of ultrasonics (TSMU) heals the contact loss in solid-state batteries (SSBs) during assembly and cycling. TSMU minimizes the brittle-nature electrolyte cracking risk while enhancing interface bonding, reducing interfacial resistance from thousands to tens of Ω cm⁻², and ensuring stability over 1000 cycles.

Multifunctional heteroatom-based additives increase the thermodynamic stability of the perovskites and induce crystallinity, and grain size increases, which in turn pushes the performance and shows unparalleled stability against high relative humidity. The influence of sulfur heteroatom-containing amidinium salts with iodide and bromide ends on the photo-physical and device properties of a formamidinium-rich perovskite absorber is uncovered.

Rare-metal Ce-based SACs consisting of single-atomic Ce sites and CeO₂ nanoparticles are constructed by facile gas-phase migration strategy. Moreover, experimental and theoretical analysis demonstrates that the introduction of CeO₂ is beneficial for the decreased energy barrier of the hydrogenation step of ^*OH over the single-atomic Ce sites, which contributes to the enhanced ORR performance.

The nonequilibrium synthetic conditions of the unique molecule-assisted thermal radiation (MTR) method convert small-molecule additives into N/S co-doped carbonaceous layers with abundant surface defects, ensuring the formation and stabilization of Sb nanoparticles. Additionally, the ultrasmall nanostructure exhibits higher resistance against sodiation-induced stress compared to the bulk structure.

The application of Ni-rich cathode materials is obstructed by interfacial and structural instability. This work proposes a facile and cost-effective Al-based vapor-phase surface reaction strategy on Ni-rich cathode to maintain its structural integrity from near-surface to bulk. This strategy unlocks the possibilities of achieving outstanding performance for Ni-rich cathode without significantly increasing manufacturing cost.

Machine learning-assisted design of experiments is applied to optimize the processing conditions for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of a thiophene-based semicrystalline polymer system. This method allows for efficient sampling and screening of various processing parameters across a large, multi-dimensional parameter space, enabling the prediction of optimal conditions and maximizing the thermoelectric power factor.

A high-performance composite anode (LZ-rGO) that integrates a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) scaffold with lithiophilic Li–Zn alloy nanoparticles is presented. The rGO scaffold provides a high surface area for electrochemical reaction and the Li–Zn alloy reduces Li nucleation/deposition overpotentials. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, the electrochemical performance is significantly enhanced when the LZ-rGO anode is applied in Li metal batteries.

This review summarizes the fundamental design principles of highly efficient noble metal-based electrocatalysts for acidic water splitting with a focus on compositional and structural engineering. Additionally, recent innovations in stack components of practical proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer and their impact on cost-benefit and lifespan are presented, together with a delineation of the current challenges and prospective insights.

Evolution of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single junction emerging photovoltaic (PV) devices as a function of the bandgap energy (E_g) in the yearly “Emerging PV Reports” from version 1 (2020) to version 5 (2024). These surveys present and discuss data from the emerging-pv.org website and database.

The commonly used lifetime indicator T80 of perovskite solar cells is shown to be season/ climate dependent by outdoor measurements. The climate parameter mainly affecting the lifetime is the ambient temperature, while the solar irradiance plays a more minor role. Indoor light cycling experiments combined with temperature cycling are suggested to provide closely related simulation for outdoor lifetime/degradation.

Two new acceptors are presented with pyrido[3,4-b]quinoxaline as an electron-deficient component, namely Py6 and Py7. The D18/Py7 device yields a higher efficiency of 18.51% than Py1- and Py6-based device due to the better morphology and low energy loss. Furthermore, the (D18:1wt.% Py7)/(Py7:1wt.% D18) device delivers a remarkable PCE of 19.60%.

A notable total Na⁺ ion conductivity of 6.0 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 25 °C is achieved in NASICON-type Na_1+xZr₂Si_xP_3−xO₁₂-based ceramics with increasing Si/P ratio and small amount of Al-doping. This combined approach not only enhances the Na⁺ ion transportation in the crystal lattice but also significantly lowers grain boundary resistivity via chemical modification of in situ formed liquid and glass phases.

The charge excitation self-recovery TENG (SR-TENG) is developed, which not only achieves a high output charge density of 4.24 mC m⁻², but also maintains 87% of its initial output even after experiencing six times fierce electric breakdown.

High quality ultrathin lead-free ceramics are fabricated by tape-casting method. After introducing the Ta⁵⁺ ions into Bi_0.39Na_0.36Sr_0.25TiO₃ ceramics, the polar clusters tend to decrease together with the increment of the maximum applied electric field. Under 915 kV cm⁻¹, excellent energy storage performance with a recoverable energy storage density of ≈10.06 J cm⁻³ and an efficiency of ≈93% can be achieved, which is far beyond the most reported lead-free ceramics. This study provides an effective method to push the development of eco-friendly ceramic dielectrics for pulsed power systems application.

This study investigates mechanical lithium dendrite deflection with different interlayer materials. The results are consistent with fracture-mechanics-based analysis and demonstrate that stress-driven dendrites can be deflected at weakly bonded internal interfaces. Reduced graphene oxide interlayers show the most impressive improvements in electrochemical performance, with a sixfold increase in the critical current density.

The nonflammable dual-functional ionic liquid electrolyte (IL-FE) shows great potential in room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries. On anode side, the IL facilitates the smooth and dense SEI formation. On cathode side, an inorganic-dominated CEI is formed via the unique nucleophilic substitution of FSI^-/TFSI^- and FEC with long-chain Na₂S_x and guarantees the solid–solid transformation (S₈-Na₂S), promoting an exceptional electrochemical performance of S@C||Na cell.

This work comprehensively reviews recent advancements in the application of magnetic field-based non-destructive testing technologies for battery diagnostics, analyzing both their strengths and limitations. Besides, it provides researchers and engineers with a systematic reference to promote the application and development of magnetic field technologies in the battery field. The challenges and constraints faced by magnetic field technologies in battery diagnostics and the corresponding recommendations for future development are finally discussed.

Large-sized single-crystal O3-typed layer-structured manganese-based transition metal oxides Na[Ni_0.3Mn_0.35Cu_0.1Ti_0.25]O₂ was successfully synthesized. They have a high ion diffusion without hindering by the crystal gap. Meanwhile, the uneven sodium ions insertion and extraction inside the particles with oxygen release will be alleviated. It can efficiently increase the cycling lifespan by alleviating the sides reaction from electrolytes.

A multi-color four-mode dual-band electrochromic window is presented with a zinc anode, Prussian blue analogues, and tungsten oxide electrodes. It enables dynamic color changes and independent control of visible light and near-infrared heat, enhancing visual appeal and reducing energy consumption. This window provides effective year-round thermal regulation across different climates and seasons, offering a new approach for sustainable building development.

A strategy by combining s-sp, p-d, and d-d hybridization is proposed, the band electronic structure of Fe and Ni is optimized simultaneously. Based on these guidelines, a vanadium (V), boron (B) dual modulated-FeNiP catalyst exhibits excellent OER activity with a small Tafel slope of 44.40 mV dec⁻¹, an outstanding stability, and a low overpotential of 175 mV for 100 mA cm⁻².

A low T_g polysiloxane carrying diester side chains exhibits high ionic conductivity and lithium transference number. This electrolyte is incorporated into a semi-interpenetrating network structure obtained by crosslinking with a polyester-based telechelic. This crosslinked polymer electrolyte shows improved storage modulus maintaining the high ionic conductivity and enabling stable battery cycling at room temperature.

An organic-salt neostigmine-methyl-sulfate (NMS), featuring with C═O, S═O, ─N(CH₃)₃⁺ and CH₃OSO₃⁻, is utilized to optimize the crystallization process and passivate surface defects for high-quality perovskite films. The NMS-treated perovskite solar cell (PSC) achieves a remarkable champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.95% and retains 89.39% of their initial PCE after 50 days at 25 °C and relative humidity approximately 30%.

Mobile ions can cause current losses in perovskite solar cells (PSCs); this study looks at ionic effects in mesoscopic PSCs through experiments and device simulations, shedding light on the device physics. Transient electroluminescence (EL) and open circuit voltage (V_OC) profiles illustrate how the redistribution of ions affects charge recombination mechanisms, while external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements demonstrate how ion-induced current losses are dependent on illumination wavelength.

Dialing Up Sun Power: Unprecedented control over Pt Co-Catalysts in Solar H₂ Production. A halted photodeposition-dialysis technique achieves precise control over Pt loading and distribution on organic semiconductor photocatalysts. By fine-tuning Pt concentration and morphology, parasitic light absorption is minimized, yielding a peak H₂ rate >30 mmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ with just 1.01 wt.% Pt—over 8x the typical performance.

A meta-analysis of state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells and modules, considering various preparation techniques, area sizes, and material compositions, is presented, visualizing the loss distribution of representative samples. The dominant loss mechanisms differ significantly depending on the preparation technique. Additionally, the efficiency-limiting loss mechanism that must be overcome for commercialization is discussed and mitigation strategies are proposed for each route.

While traditionally, coupling thermocatalytic LOHCs with existing hydrogen applications poses challenges due to the high temperatures required, a new solution emerges with the low-temperature electrochemical LOHC. This study investigates the influence of temperature and fuel concentrations on the polarization curves of the electrochemical hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in single-cells using PEM fuel-cell components and determines corresponding power-to-power cycle efficiencies for the EC-LOHC.

The MoS₂/Ti₃C₂(OH)_x heterostructure, featuring an enhanced built-in electric field, effectively improves charge transfer and promotes Na⁺ adsorption. Additionally, the use of 1.0 m NaClO₄/1,2-dimethoxyethane electrolyte which exhibits rapid desolvation capabilities contributes to the superior electrochemical performance.

A functional lithium salt, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl-4-sulfate lithium (TEMPO-OSO₃Li), affects the accumulation of TEMPO-OSO₃⁻ anion at the cathode under electric field modulation, scavenging free radicals to prevent the continuous oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte, stabilizing the cathode-electrolyte interphase and the structure of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂). This contributes to the improved electrochemical performance of Li||LiCoO₂ batteries at 4.6 V.

In this study, a large-area preparation technology for self-assembled monolayer (SAM) layers is successfully developed based on NiO_x/mesoporous Al₂O₃ sponge as the adsorbent carrier for SAM solution, combined with the dip-coating process. The modified perovskite solar modules (PSMs) achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.66% (aperture area:11.09 cm²) and 20.14% (aperture area:113.00 cm²), one of the highest for minimodules blade-coating in an air environment.

A useful crystallization dynamics dual modulation strategy via the effective integration of the GA⁺-doping strategy (G-DS) and the N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)-doping strategy (N-DS) doping strategy is proposed in this study. Through the investigation of the interaction between the crystallization dynamics and the perovskite film quality, strain-complemented perovskite films with a compact, uniform surface texture and micro-meter-sized grains are successfully fabricated.

A soft e-beam evaporation method based on oblique angle deposition is used to deposit a damage-free, ultra-thin SiO_X passivation layer directly onto the perovskite top surface. The stable power conversation efficiency for 2-T perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells reaches 30.2%. The 2-T tandem device maintains 95% of its initial efficiency after 150 h under maximum power point tracking.

Structural evolution of magnetron-sputtered Ir-Ru alloys in PEM-WE is studied using operando WAXS and ex situ techniques. After potential application, an Ir-Ru@IrO_x core-shell forms, with the strained IrO_x shell exhibiting higher catalytic activity and stability than pure Ir. The presence of strain is crucial for the stability as demonstrated on stable Ir-Ru 25:75 in comparison to Ir-Ru 50:50.

This article provides a critical review of the approaches used to model the multiphysics behavior of Li-metal solid-state batteries, analyzing their advancements and limitations. Focus is on the effect of microstructural and material properties on the degradation processes. Continuum modeling of three key chemo-mechanical challenges is explored: dendritic growth in Li-metal anodes, structural instability in composite cathodes, and interphase formation.

This study elucidates the complex interplay between organic electrodes and electrolytes, presenting a strategy to unlock the full redox capability of organic charge-transfer complexes (OCTC). By deciphering the electrolyte-dependent charge storage mechanism of OCTC, four-electron redox activity is achieved in OCTC while highlighting the adverse effect of electrolyte intrusion, resulting in an unprecedentedly high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm⁻².

The cycle life of secondary batteries is notably affected by the mechanical stability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode surface. This review systematically introduces the mechanical properties of SEI and advanced characterization tools for characterizing them, summarizes strategies to improve the mechanical stability of SEI, and provides new perspectives for understanding and regulating the mechanical stability of SEI.

Recent research advances on promising design strategies for self-supported metallic hydrogen evolution catalysts at ampere-level current densities are comprehensively summarized, with a particular emphasis on the relationship between the structure, activity, and stability. Meanwhile, an attractive perspective on the future development of catalytic electrodes applicable for industrial alkaline water electrolysis is envisioned.

The self-assembly of N719 dye on ITO is shown to create a promising hole-selective and self-passivated contact for the fabrication of p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with power conversion efficiencies reaching 23.8%. The N719 self-assembled monolayer (SAM) based PSCs have also shown superior stability compared to state-of-the-art PSCs incorporating carbazole SAMs and polyarylamine hole-selective contacts.

The first fabrication of Pb-free colloidal quantum dots photovoltaics (PVs) harvesting infrared light beyond Si PVs is presented. Through materials and architecture designs, InAs-based homojunction enables the enhanced open-circuit voltage from 0.05 to 0.26 V and fill factor from 29% to 50%, comparable to Pb-based PVs. It exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 2.00% under one sun and 0.27% with a Si filter, outperforming control ones (0.28% and 0.03%).

Pnictogen-based perovskite-inspired materials are a potential sustainable technology for indoor photovoltaics and completely lead-free. Environmental sustainability is analyzed for four Sb- and Bi- perovskite-inspired solar cells. Although still in its early stages, the environmental impacts and energy payback time are lower compared with current lithium batteries, or even with the current industry standard technology, a-Si:H, contributing toward battery-less Internet-of-Things applications.

Intense mixing of metal vapor and large thermal gradients in the precursor-derived high-temperature flame enables the production of Ir_ySn_0.9(1−y)Sb_0.1(1−y)O_x solid solutions as efficient and stable electrocatalysts for PEMWE. The one-step prepared electrocatalysts exhibit high performance and stability over 2000 h but with tenfold lower Ir loading than the state-of-art in the PEMWE cells.

A Ti₃C₂T_x MXene modulator enabled high-loading iodine cathode (MX-AB@I) is designed to enhance the stability and energy density of aqueous Zn-I₂ batteries. The crucial function of the MXene modulator in mitigating the polyiodide shuttle effect, expediting iodine conversion kinetics, and enhancing the reversibility of the Zn anode is thoroughly explained through extensive experimental and theoretical analyses.

A hybrid acid/alkali flow electrolyzer with self-supporting FeCoNiCuMnP/NF as the anode can operate stably for 300 h at 0.7 V, where the Faraday efficiencies of formate and H₂ reach 95% and 99%, respectively. This achievement offers an efficient alternative for the indirect liberation of H₂ stored in methanol and establishes a new benchmark for sustainable and economically viable H₂ production.

The integrated device harnesses solar heat to generate vapor, which then condenses into water. This process creates a salinity gradient across AEM, prompting chloride ions to move from higher to lower NaCl concentrations. The device generates a significant voltage difference across the PANI@GO/MnO₂ electrodes, attributed to their redox reactions and the salinity gradient-induced potential across the AEM under solar exposure.

Operando direct current (DC) Distribution of Relaxation Time (DRT) analysis studies the evolution of voids in Li anodes. The combination of techniques enables unprecedented insight into how pressure and Li thickness (in situ formed vs Li foil) affect void morphology during stripping.

By employing an inorganic halide as a nanoscale inorganic barrier covering grain boundaries, key challenges in perovskite technology, including defect passivation and halide segregation are addressed. This barrier impressively enhanced the performance and stability of wide-bandgap single-junction perovskite solar cells, with a remarkable fill factor of 84.82% and open-circuit voltage of 1.305 V, resulting in high efficiencies across various bandgaps: 21.54% for 1.70 eV, 20.45% for 1.77 eV, and 19.22% for 1.82 eV. In addition, monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells with improved stability and efficiency are demonstrated.

A catalytic binder system is designed by immobilizing iodine centers within a polysulfide-loving polymer, addressing the inherent sulfur loading and C-rate trade-off. In pouch cells, it achieves energy densities of 215 at 0.1C and 156 Wh kg⁻¹ at 0.3C and 262 Wh kg⁻¹ at Ah-level, demonstrating one of the highest-rate Li-S pouches reported in lithium-sulfur literature.

Fe₇S₈/N-doped carbon composite electrodes of almost zero-strain characteristics is obtained by constructing a hollow microsphere structure, which shows outstanding fast-charging capability along with high gravimetric energy density and excellent cyclability in Ah-level pouch cells operating at -40–60 °C. Remarkably, in situ magnetometry first elucidates enhancement effect of spin-polarized surface capacitance on lithium transport and storage across an all-climate temperature.

An acoustic tunable battery-free implant is facilitated using a sustainable powering ultrasound-driven triboelectric nanogenerator, which features a distinctive double-electrode structure with a highly stable triboelectric membrane incorporating a gold-polymer intermixing layer. In vivo studies confirm its superior biocompatibility and operational reliability, demonstrating its potential for realizing a battery-free implant, solely controlled by ultrasound.

Mn-based composite-structure cathode materials can provide huge potential for realizing high reliability and extending cycle life for rechargeable batteries. The innovative development of composite-structure strategies for Mn-based cathodes reveals substantial potential for diverse application fields, especially in grid-scale energy storage solutions. This review proposes the fundamental principles and methodologies for constructing the Mn-based composite-structure cathode materials.

Four quinoxaline-fused-core-based nonfullerene acceptors are synthesized by extending the π-conjugated backbones and halogenated substitution modification. Stronger crystallization and donor–acceptor interactions arising from larger localized dipoles and higher electrostatic potentials, respectively, led to superior blend film morphology, resulting in efficiencies of 18.75% and 19.48% in binary and ternary organic solar cell devices with outstanding thermal stability.

This study demonstrates that the incorporation of the multifunctional ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide into multicomponent perovskite films significantly improves the efficiency and stability of solar cells through precise surface potential homogenization. This strategy achieves an ultra-high power conversion efficiency of 20.44% for wide-bandgap devices (1.81 eV) and increases the efficiency of conventional bandgap devices (1.53 eV) to 25.41%.

The source of structural decay in NFPF materials is transition metal leaching and generation of electrochemically inert NaF phases triggered by the breaking of Fe─F bonds. The incorporation of interstitial B atoms increases the covalency of Fe─F bonds, thereby anchoring Fe and F atoms to stabilize the octahedral dimer and improve cycle life.

This work discusses how the research focus of PbSe thermoelectrics has shifted from medium to near-room temperatures and reviews advances in constructing high-efficiency power generation and cooling devices based on PbSe. Finally, several aspects of outlooks are proposed to further improve the material performance and device efficiency of PbSe, thus promoting practical applications in the future.

Are tandem solar cells truly hysteresis-free? This study reveals that mobile ions in Si/perovskite and all-perovskite TSCs cause efficiency losses and hysteresis, especially at fast scan rates. Subcell current-voltage characterization quantifies ionic losses in specific subcells and demonstrates the dominant impact of these losses for degradation, particularly in the wide-bandgap subcell. These findings offer key insights for improving long-term stability.

A surface modifier 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzhydrazide (TFH) is reported to construct a reductive chemical environment on the surface of perovskite films and protect them from erosion. TFH anchors onto the Sn-Pb perovskites in a preferred vertical orientation through dual-site binding, forming interface dipoles that facilitate charge extraction. Consequently, a PCE of 28.17% in all-perovskite tandem solar cells is demonstrated.

A novel hole transport layer of CuCrO₂ has been applied to the surface of the BiVO₄ photoanode, promoting the separation of photogenerated carriers. Under the surface NiCo-MOF reaction sites, the new MOF/CuCrO₂/BiVO₄ shows excellent photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance.

A Cs─I bond weakening approach is proposed to realize low-temperature crystalized CsPbI₃ through SMCl introduction. SMCl will interact with CsI and weaken Cs─I bond to dissociate free I⁻ ions, thus promoting [PbI₆]⁴⁻ formation and CsPbI₃ crystallization. As a result, black CsPbI₃ is obtained at 90 °C and flexible CsPbI₃ PSCs are realized with efficiency of 13.86% and good thermal or mechanical stability.

The impact of the ionomer to catalyst ratio for atomic Fe in N-doped C (Fe-N-C) degradation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells is elucidated by advanced electrochemical techniques. Kinetic degradation dominants, with the reduction in turnover frequency of FeN_x active sites initially suppressed with increasing ionomer loading. Additionally, the stability of FeN_x improves with increased ionomer loading.

Aiming to minimize the complexity of cells to accurately benchmark solid-state cathode performance, several In–Li counter electrodes are investigated. Detailed electrochemical and microstructural analyses reveal the performance bottlenecks of each In–Li electrode type, and significant performance variations between preparation methods. This underscores the need to optimize counter electrodes to keep pace with the continuous improvement of solid-state cathodes.

A highly stretchable liquid metal-based electrode is developed via a one-step process, retaining conductivity and capacitance after mechanical deformation up to 900% strain. The stretchable all-solid-state device provides a areal energy density of 43 µWh cm⁻² after 150% strain. In situ Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations reveal unique gallium-bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (Ga-TFSI) interactions, making it promising for stretchable energy storage.

This study presents a new modification of bathocuproine (BCP) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), where the nitrogen atoms are positioned inside the molecule for added stability. This structural adjustment enhances charge transport and device durability. Experimental results show reduced energy losses and improved long-term performance, highlighting the potential of this modified BCP for more efficient and stable PSCs.

A unique solid polymer electrolyte is constructed via in situ polymerizing poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as an agent to put the glycol dimethyl ether molecules in a crowding state and create molecular crowding ion channels between the polymer chains, resulting in the prolonged cycling stability in winding-type batteries toward practical applications.

The multifunctional interface of Cu@PCN with high zincophilic property is systematically developed through a straightforward thermal polymerization method to facilitate dendrite-free zinc deposition along Zn (101) plane. Experimental results and theoretical analyses indicate that the stable and reversible zinc plating/stripping is achieved for the Zn anode coated by the Cu@PCN, which delivers an extended cycling lifespan.

Two well-compatible dimeric acceptors, DC9-HD and DYSe-3, are utilized to fabricate ternary organic solar cells. The incorporation of red-shifted DYSe-3 into the PM6:DC9-HD binary blend optimize the morphologies and suppressed charge recombination. This, combined with their long exciton diffusion length and low voltage loss, contributes to an impressive efficiency of 19.4% for PM6:DC9-HD:DYSe-3 ternary devices.