The cover image is based on the Commentary Controlled modulation of all the arms of the immunity including innate immunity by biological response modifier glucans, a simple yet potential nutritional supplement strategy to fight COVID-19 by Nobunao Ikewaki et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.14313.

Germination of chia seeds increases protein, carbohydrate, total phenolic compounds (TPC), non-extractable proanthocyanidins (NEPA), and carotenoids contents; while chemical elicitation enhances TPC and carotenoids compared to non-elicited (NE) sprouts. Chia sprouts, NE, and elicited chia sprouts ameliorate insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in obese rats. In addition, NE- and salicylic acid-elicited chia sprouts exert the highest reduction in liver triglycerides accumulation, preventing the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression.

• The major discipline and cited journal of industrial glucoamylase researches are “biotechnology & applied microbiology” and “J Biol Chem”, respectively.
• The major countries, institutions, authors of industrial glucoamylase researches are China, the United States, Japan, and Chinese Acad Sci, Jiangnan Univ, Denmark Tech Univ, and B Svenssion, Akihiko Kondo, T Satyanarayana, respectively.
• The research hotspots of industrial glucoamylase include glucoamylase strain directional improvement, Aspergillus niger glucoamylase, glucoamylase immobilization, application of glucoamylase in ethanol production, “customized production” of porous starch.

Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnosylgalactoside, kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosylgalactoside, and myricetin 3-O-galactoside in Lu’an GuaPian tea have good binding affinities with TMA-lyase. Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside has the highest Vina score, which could be used as lead compounds for structural modification.

The new research progress on bioactivities and mechanism of ellagic acid from pomegranate peel. Applications of pomegranate peel extract in the food industry. Prospects of pomegranate peel research.

Dietary and lifestyle practices are prominent factors for PCOS. Comorbidities may worsen the life quality of PCOS patients. A balanced diet with an active lifestyle could reduce the severity of PCOS.

The review summarized the nutrients (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals), chemical components (stilbenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, triterpenes, and alkaloids), biological activities (cardiovascular protection, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal) of edible parts of peanut, and research value of bioactive factor resveratrol.

The supplementation of the Zingiberaceae plants may be an effective adjunctive therapy in management of T2DM and prevention its cardiovascular complications by decreasing BW, improving blood glucose control, insulin resistance, lipid profiles (HDL-C and TG), blood pressure (DBP) and reducing inflammation (CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6).

Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr. (santol tree) is a medicinal plant containing numerous bioactive limonoids and terpenoids. The tetracyclic triterpenoid koetjapic acid is the major anti-inflammatory and anticancer triterpene found in S. koetjape; its mechanism of action is discussed. The use of the plant in phytomedicine and the consumption of the santol fruit are encouraged.

Ziziphi Spinosae Semen contains abundant phytochemicals and possesses multiple biological activities. The potential therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease has been demonstrated. This review may provide essential guidance for the further utilization of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in food and pharmaceutical industry.

The effect of genistein on neurodegenerative disease.

Representation of the critical packing parameter (P = (1/a) × (V/l)) of phospholipids with the three-dimensional structure of phosphatidylcholine (18:2/18:2). In this equation, a is the cross-sectional area of the hydrophilic head, V and l are the volume and length of the hydrophobic tails.

NaB protects the kidney against damage in LPS-induced AKI via regulating defensins production by inhibiting TLRs mRNA expression, thereby inhibiting proinflammatory factor production.

A wholesome approach to tackle COVID-19 by modulation of all arms of immunity.

An undescribed 2H-benzochromenone derivative, pharachromenone was isolated from the edible marine pharaoh cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis, and the compound displayed antioxidant potential along with attenuation properties against inducible pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes. This study recognized the therapeutic potential of a marine cuttlefish-originated food constituent against inflammatory conditions, and could be anticipated as a high-value functional food lead to minimize oxidative stress-related inflammatory disorders.

GUB possessed significant inhibition on the activity of α-glucosidase, the inhibition mechansim was investigated by spectroscopical techniques and molecular docking.

Isolation and purification of a potent cationic metal-chelating bioenhancer peptide of mass 11.6 kDa from fermented milk of Citrullus lanatus seed using affinity and rpHPLC chromatographic techniques. The structure–function relationship of fermented milk peptide (FMP) was analyzed by UV/Vis and Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis and by LC–MS/MALDI analysis. In vitro gastro-intestinal simulation studies and bioavailability of metal ions were studied using intestinal Caco-2 cell lines.

• Administration of peanut skin procyanidins (PSP) can ameliorate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) by mediating the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, and IL-10) and oxidative stress (MDA, T-SOD, NO, and iNOS).
• The 16S rDNA sequencing showed increase in abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Oscillibacter and Roseburia and decrease of Bacteroides, Helicobacter, Parabacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, and Enterobacter after PSP treatment.
• The colon tissue metabolome was significantly altered, as reflected by regulating taste transduction, mTOR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and FoxO signaling pathway to improve the protection against UC.

Oral treatment of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion diabetic rats with curcumin nanoemulsion (NC) caused marked attenuation of the neurological deficit score and the brain imbalance of the redox homeostasis. Curcumin nanoemulsion treatment caused a decline in the brain expression of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1β, COX-2, cleaved caspase-3, and nuclear factor kappa B. Curcumin nanoemulsion restored the expression of glucose transporter 1 proteins.

• The number of three compounds associated with the PPAR signaling pathway is key compounds of ASLH against T2DM.
• The number of three compounds associated with the phospholipase D signaling pathway is key compounds of ASLH against T2DM.
• The 2-(([2-ethylhexyl]oxy)carbonyl)benzoic acid might be a dual effector against T2DM.

High fructose diet (HFD) resulted in manifestation of metabolic syndrome in rats while abrasing the lipid profile and Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and significantly elevating pro inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, pro apoptotic markers and diabetic markers. Significant histomorphological changes in the hearts of rats on HFD was observed compared to the control group thereby depicting cardiovascular remodeling due to consumption of HFD over prolonged duration.

Schema illustrating how cordycerebroside A induces inhibition of ICAM-1 synthesis in human OASFs and antagonizes M1 macrophage adhesion.

Acrylamide (ACR) has genotoxic, neurotoxic, and carcinogenic effects. Morin has an antioxidant feature, which is obtained from plants or their products. Morin reduces ACR-induced oxidative stress, apoptotic, autophagic, inflammatory responses that induced lung damage.

• Short-term hypobaric treatment (SHT) alleviates chilling injury of peach fruit during shelf life after cold storage.
• The regulation of membrane fatty acids metabolism showed that SHT increased FAS activity for the synthesis of fatty acid, upregulated FAD2, FAD3-1, FAD3-2, and FAD7 for the desaturation of fatty acid, inhibited LOX1 for alleviation of the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) during the early stage of postharvest storage.
• SHT fruit had a higher fatty acid unsaturation of USFA/SFA.

Lead exposure was among the most common causes of neuropsychological and functional decline in life. Meanwhile, Exogenous natural bioactive supplement molecules could be one of the treatments for Pb-induced toxicity. The aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum (ESA) was found to be protective against lead (Pb)-induced neurotoxicity in mice in this study. S. aromaticum clearly reduces lead-induced oxidative stress in cerebral cortex synaptosomes, as evidenced by its ability to increase endogenous antioxidant activities and modulate dopaminergic metabolism enzyme.

Orz exerts the cytoprotective effects in H₂O₂-induced L02 cells apoptosis by ameliorating oxidative stress via inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway and activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Phosphatidylserine liposomes containing curcumin indicate the inhibition of bone loss due to prednisolone drug in the experimental model. The consumption of this formulation as a proper and safe supplementary medication may be an alternative therapy in controlling bone loss in patients with a high risk of osteoporosis.

Carboxymethylation changed the structure of native polysaccharide of Pholiota nameko . These changes contributed to the significant increase in antioxidant activity and water solubility of carboxymethyl polysaccharides.

Flavourzyme hydrolysate (for 0.5 hr) from salmo salar skin collagen presented strong anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. After separation of ultrafiltration and column chromatography, antiinflammatory peptides APD, QA, KA, and WG, which reduced secretion of NO, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in inflammatory macrophages, were identified from the hydrolysate. This study provided a promising dietary supplement against inflammatory diseases.

Taurine and sodium butyrate activation of alkaline phosphatase as mechanism of attenuating bowel inflammation induced by endotoxin.

Plants with various medicinal properties are of worldwide interest for the treatment of diseases due to their biological activities. In this study, the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of extracts of R. rubrum were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. The present study has shown that R. rubrum has anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet activity. R. rubrum may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of DM complications due to its anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects.

Under alkaline conditions, two sericin hydrolysate-flavonoid conjugates were prepared. Alterations in molecular weight distribution, secondary and tertiary structures, surface hydrophobicity, and surface morphology were observed. Compared to unmodified sericin hydrolysate, the sericin hydrolysate-flavonoid conjugates showed improved emulsifying, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

Glycyrrhizic acid not only upregulated ATM activation, p21, and p27 expression, but also inhibited NF-κB-mediated Cyclin D1 expression. DNA damage and NF-κB inactivation may associate with glycyrrhizic acid-induced G1 phase arrest in HCC cells (Created with BioRender.com).

The spontaneous combination of β-casein and luteolin leads to the potential of β-casein as a carrier of luteolin and enhances its antioxidant activity.

• In vivo, the ethanol extract of M. toringoides (EMT) significantly improved the disorder of blood lipid and glucose, and liver injury in fructose-induced mice.
• In vitro, EMT significantly improved the lipid accumulation of HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid.
• Our studies suggested that the plant may be beneficial in the prevention and management of diet-induced abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and liver diseases.

The topical administration and intake of Pinus koraiensis needles (PKNX) and cones (PKCX) extracts onto the AD lesion alleviated clinical AD symptoms associated with reduced proinflammatory cytokines, mast cell numbers, and immune cell infiltrates to maintain dermal structure with maintaining filaggrin expression in AD-induced HaCaT cells and Nc/Nga mice. These results suggested that Pinus koraiensis needles and cones extracts can be developed and applied as beneficial alternative therapies for AD.

Intervention with schisandrin regulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and abnormal cellular apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasomes and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This suggested that Sch may alleviate LPS-induced ALI by suppressing the inflammatory reaction

This study investigated the anti-antidiabetic effect of geraniol by assessing changes in the levels of oxidative stress and apoptotic parameters in damaged tissues of fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetes mellitus male Wistar rats. Additionally, the potential mechanism of geraniol was evaluated by silico molecular docking to assess its binding affinity toward in vitro diabetic markers (α-amylase and α-glucosidase).

The research ideas and methods of this paper.

KCS1, QRT1 and ACC1 acted as hubs of lipid metabolism through transcriptomic and widely targeted metabolomic analyses

Broccoli microgreens contain much more glucosinolate than broccoli. Type 2 diabetic mice were fed broccoli microgreens attenuated several symptom of diabetes, including glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance and islet cell. Broccoli microgreens also improved inflammatory and antioxidant states, and regulated gut microbiota composition.

Fang et al. use network pharmacology and molecular docking to investigate the functions and potential mechanisms of ligustilide (LIG) in VSMC migration. LIG also modulates VSMC phenotypic change by lowering calcium influence, enhancing SM-22 expression, and decreasing OPN expression, inhibiting VSMC excessive migration. Inhibiting the excessive migration of vascular smooth muscle cells could be a potential therapy for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Rosa centifolia petal extract (ROSE CRYSTAA®-70: ROSE-70) moderate endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation on isolated aorta, and has the protective effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) dysfunction from high glucose and H₂O₂-induced inflammatory action.

A graphical abstract demonstrating the protective effect of Zingerone against high-fat diet-induced hepatic damage hepatic steatosis. The major upstream mechanism is triggered by phosphorylation activation of AMPK. In turn, the activated AMPK increases the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) but suppresses hepatic inflammation and the activation of NF-κB, via transactivating Nrf2. Besides, AMPK suppresses fatty acids (FAs), triglycerides (TGs), and cholesterol (CHOL) synthesis by downregulating SREBP1 and SREBP2, respectively.

Aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni clinically improved STZ-induced diabetic rats and alleviated in vitro toxicity via the overexpression of major genes of antioxidative defense systems plus significant downregulation of major cell death modalities.

• The anti-adipogenic properties of leaf extract of selected plants (B. oleracea, O. basilicum, and M. oleifera) were comparatively evaluated on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte.
• All the extracts exhibited triglyceride accumulation, and also down-regulated the key transcription factors of adipogenesis.
• BO extract showed stronger inhibitory potential against both adipogenesis and lipase activities, compared to other plants.

In the current study, Maca has increased swimming time to exhaustion, whereas decreased serum lactate and liver glycogen. Maca addition also resulted in lower levels of serum, liver, and muscle MDA. Nevertheless, molecular levels of NF-κB were found less in the WL-FST + Maca compared to the WL-FST group, while Nrf1, Nrf2, PGC-1α, SIRT1, and TFAM levels were increased in the WL-FST + Maca, compared to the WL-FST group.