• Issue

    Early View

    Online Version of Record before inclusion in an issue

Research Article

Open Access

Coherence Awareness in Diffractive Neural Networks

  • Version of Record online: 13 February 2025
Coherence Awareness in Diffractive Neural Networks

It is demonstrated that spatial coherence significantly impacts all-optical diffractive neural networks, unlike imaging systems. A general framework is proposed for training diffractive networks for any specified degree of spatial and temporal coherence. Coherence-blind networks are further introduced, which are resilient to illumination changes. These findings pave the way for all-optical neural networks in real-world applications using only natural light.

Floquet Engineering and Harnessing Giant Atoms in Frequency-Comb Emission and Bichromatic Correlations in Waveguide QED

  • Version of Record online: 13 February 2025
Floquet Engineering and Harnessing Giant Atoms in Frequency-Comb Emission and Bichromatic Correlations in Waveguide QED

A dynamically modulated qubit array is proposed for frequency-controlled single-photon emission, generating a frequency comb with even-parity or anti-Stokes sidebands. This setup, incorporating chiral and non-local coupling, enables Floquet engineering and the generation of high-dimensional entangled states. Using matrix product states for efficient simulation, multi-photon dynamics and non-Markovian steady states are explored, broadening collective emission for quantum information and many-body simulation.

Micro-LED Retinal Projection for Augmented Reality Near-Eye Displays

  • Version of Record online: 13 February 2025
Micro-LED Retinal Projection for Augmented Reality Near-Eye Displays

This study presents a micro-LED retinal projection architecture for augmented reality near-eye displays that integrate active full-color micro-LEDs with a pixel-to-pixel image fiber bundle. This innovative design addresses traditional limitations of retinal projection displays in beam aperture and structural flexibility, allowing for sharp full-color imaging across varying focal depths. Notably, it effectively spatially separates the optical and electrical modules in near-eye display equipment and facilitates underwater displays without the need for specialized waterproofing.

Lag-Compensated Hyperfine Terahertz Dual-Comb Interferometer beyond Intrinsic Resolution and Sensitivity

  • Version of Record online: 12 February 2025
Lag-Compensated Hyperfine Terahertz Dual-Comb Interferometer beyond Intrinsic Resolution and Sensitivity

A sophisticated terahertz dual-comb interferometer is meticulously engineered. This device generates exquisitely detailed hyperfine interference spectra by employing the lag compensation technique in the time domain, thereby significantly enhancing the vernier envelope resolution to the Nyquist sampling limit. The compensated envelope spectrum, augmented by vernier gain, exhibits ultra-sensitivity that surpasses current terahertz biochemical sensing technologies.

Supramolecular Assembly of Organic Cu(I) Halides with Efficient Broad Emission for Real-Time Dynamic High-Resolution White Light and X-Ray Image Fusion and 3D Image Reconstruction

  • Version of Record online: 12 February 2025
Supramolecular Assembly of Organic Cu(I) Halides with Efficient Broad Emission for Real-Time Dynamic High-Resolution White Light and X-Ray Image Fusion and 3D Image Reconstruction

Three 0D organic Cu(I) halides are synthesized via a supramolecular assembly strategy. Compared with Compound-Cl and Compound-Br, Compound-I exhibits remarkable air stability and high luminous efficiency, which allows to demonstrate its application in white light-emitting diodes and X-ray scintillators. Moreover, Compound-I in real-time dynamic high-resolution white light and X-ray image fusion and 3D image reconstruction are further demonstrated.

Activate Reconstruction from Sb3+/Ho3+ Synergistic Doping Nanofibers for Interactive Information Encryption and Customized Display

  • Version of Record online: 12 February 2025
Activate Reconstruction from Sb3+/Ho3+ Synergistic Doping Nanofibers for Interactive Information Encryption and Customized Display

Benefiting from the self-trapped exciton of Sb3+ in Cs2NaInCl6, the visible blue luminescence of Ho3+ achieves excitation reconstruction, with a sensitization coefficient from Sb3+ to Ho3+ reaching two orders of magnitude. Embedding perovskites into fibers enables personalized displays and interactive information encryption by changing the doping concentration and fiber matrix while incorporating ACSII codes.

Redirection-Manipulated Honeycomb Inclined Reflection System Enables Highly Efficient AlGaN-Based Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes

  • Version of Record online: 12 February 2025
Redirection-Manipulated Honeycomb Inclined Reflection System Enables Highly Efficient AlGaN-Based Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes

By combining the honeycomb-inclined reflection system and pixelization strategy, the deep ultraviolet (DUV) light emitted from the active region is efficiently extracted, resulting in a light output power enhancement factor of 1.95 for the DUV light-emitting diodes. A miniaturized sterilization module is then fabricated for flowing water sterilization, which achieves complete inactivation of E.coli at a water flow rate of 1L min−1.

Review

Advances in Bipolar Photodetectors: Working Principles, Constructions, and Applications

  • Version of Record online: 11 February 2025
Advances in Bipolar Photodetectors: Working Principles, Constructions, and Applications

In this review, the advances in bipolar photodetectors are comprehensively summarized in terms of working principles/device structures (photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, photoelectrochemical photodetectors, and others), constructions (two-dimensional materials, perovskites, organic materials, III–V compounds and oxides, fabrications, and performances) and unique applications (optical communication, logic gate, and imaging).

Research Article

Realization of Spatiotemporal Photonic Crystals Based on Active Metasurface

  • Version of Record online: 11 February 2025
Realization of Spatiotemporal Photonic Crystals Based on Active Metasurface

A spatiotemporal photonic crystal is experimentally constructed based on active metasurface. Gap closure under time modulation is observed by near-field measurement. It confirms the possibility of accurately manipulating the mixed bandgap related to surface waves through time modulation, as well as the variability of the transmission properties of electromagnetic waves at the interface.

Unlocking High-Speed and Energy-Efficiency: Integrated Convolution Processing on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate

  • Version of Record online: 10 February 2025
Unlocking High-Speed and Energy-Efficiency: Integrated Convolution Processing on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate

This study demonstrates an ultra-high-speed, low-power-consumption, and large-scale ONN architecture implemented on a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. The integration of wide-bandwidth modulators significantly enhances computational speed, while electro-optic phase shifters ensure minimal power consumption in the distributed parallel computing units. To enable larger-scale computation and mitigate the analog noise caused by increasing the number of channels in convolution units, this work has developed a task-driven cluster architecture. This innovative design comprises multiple modulation modules and distributed parallel computing units, allowing different parallel distributed parallel computing modules to handle individual tasks efficiently.

Open Access

Boosting Single-Photon Extraction Efficiency in GaN Through Radiative Mode Conversion

  • Version of Record online: 10 February 2025
Boosting Single-Photon Extraction Efficiency in GaN Through Radiative Mode Conversion

Circular Bragg gratings (CBGs) are introduced to efficiently extract single photons over a broad wavelength range emitted from defects in GaN. Single photons propagating along the GaN film or escaping into the substrate are converted into radiative modes by the proposed CBGs, increasing the number of single photons emitted into free space.

Digital Holography Interferometry for Refractive Index Characterization and Temperature Mapping of Aqueous Solutions at Supercooled Temperatures

  • Version of Record online: 08 February 2025
Digital Holography Interferometry for Refractive Index Characterization and Temperature Mapping of Aqueous Solutions at Supercooled Temperatures

Digital holography interferometry (DHI) is used for thermal imaging and characterization of supercooled liquids. This work details a custom DHI platform with a thermoelectric cooling system capable of two-dimensional temperature mapping and refractive index measurement of various aqueous solutions. The aim is to improve cryopreservation protocols and provide new thermo-optical data in the supercooling regime.

Managing Surface Reconstruction Enables Bright, Stable, and Cost-Performance Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

  • Version of Record online: 08 February 2025
Managing Surface Reconstruction Enables Bright, Stable, and Cost-Performance Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

This work visualizes the distribution of unreacted organic halide species on perovskite surfaces and reveals the interaction between solvents and perovskites. By developing a mixture-solvent surface reconstruction strategy, a cost-effective FAPbI3-based PeLED with a high brightness of 1103.31 W sr−1 m−2 and an extended half-lifetime of 84.8 h is achieved.

Enhanced Near-Infrared Photodetection in a Mixed-Dimensional 0D/2D Heterostructure via Two-Photon Absorption

  • Version of Record online: 08 February 2025
Enhanced Near-Infrared Photodetection in a Mixed-Dimensional 0D/2D Heterostructure via Two-Photon Absorption

A solid film of the perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals is deposited on top of a 2D WSe2 monolayer to form a 0D/2D near-infrared photodetector with the type-II band alignment between the two composing materials. A record-high responsivity of ≈7.5 × 10−5A W−1 is achieved when the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are excited at the two-photon absorption wavelength of ≈1015 nm corresponding to the resonant bandgap transition.

Near-Unity Internal Quantum Efficiency and High Thermal Stability of Sr3MgGe5O14: Cr3+ Phosphor for Plant Growth

  • Version of Record online: 08 February 2025
Near-Unity Internal Quantum Efficiency and High Thermal Stability of Sr3MgGe5O14: Cr3+ Phosphor for Plant Growth

SMGO: 0.005Cr3+ phosphor demonstrates an almost near-unity internal quantum efficiency (99.4%) and excellent thermal quenching performance (I423 K/I298 K = 86%). First-principles theory calculation indicates that Cr3+ ions preferentially occupy the [Ge2/MgO4] and [Ge3O4] sites at high doping concentration within the SMGO host, illustrating the concentration quenching phenomenon observed in this phosphor.

Pressure-Promoted Self-Trapped Exciton Emission and White-Light Harvesting in Lead Halide Metal–Organic Frameworks at Ambient Conditions

  • Version of Record online: 08 February 2025
Pressure-Promoted Self-Trapped Exciton Emission and White-Light Harvesting in Lead Halide Metal–Organic Frameworks at Ambient Conditions

The pressure treatment engineering adjusts the optimal structural distortion of inorganic units in lead halide metal–organic frameworks to achieve pressure-induced self-trapping exciton emission enhancement. Meanwhile, the distorted structure promotes electronic coupling between Pb-s orbitals and ligand energy levels, turn on charge transfer channels from inorganic units to organic units, achieving tunable color and white light emission after pressure treatment.

Detection of Human Cervical Cancer by Probe-Based Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography

  • Version of Record online: 07 February 2025
Detection of Human Cervical Cancer by Probe-Based Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography

Probe-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) system and 3D quantitative metrics are established to extract subtle changes in collagen fibers during cancer progression. Highly sensitive detection of cervical cancer at an early stage is demonstrated. By merging quantitative metrics, the tumor potential index (TPI) provides an intuitive and explainable map of cancer risk, which may facilitate the precise localization of cancerous lesions.

Open Access

Programmable Photonic Extreme Learning Machines

  • Version of Record online: 06 February 2025
Programmable Photonic Extreme Learning Machines

Experimental demonstration of a programmable photonic extreme learning machine using a hexagonal waveguide mesh. Three different classification tasks are solved using the photonic processor. Two approaches based on an evolutionary algorithm and a WDM scheme are proposed to increase the accuracy of the models.

Bright Heralded Single-Photon Source Saturating Theoretical Single-photon Purity

  • Version of Record online: 06 February 2025
Bright Heralded Single-Photon Source Saturating Theoretical Single-photon Purity

The theoretical limit of the single-photon purity of general heralded single-photon sources is derived, contributing a reliable standard for benchmark the sources' performance. In addition, an ultra bright gigahertz-pulsed HSPS saturating the purity limit is demonstrated. This on-chip source has a coincidence rate exceeding 1.5 MHz at a coincidence-to-accidental (CAR) ratio of 16.77. The measured lowest singlephoton purity reaches 0.00094 ± 0.00002 $0.00094 \pm 0.00002$ at a coincidence rate of 0.8 kHz.

Open Access

Silicon-Integrated Perovskite Photonic Laser Based on Bound States in Continuum

  • Version of Record online: 06 February 2025
Silicon-Integrated Perovskite Photonic Laser Based on Bound States in Continuum

A strategy to integrate perovskite coherent light sources onto commercial silicon platform is proposed. Based on the bound states in the continuum, the energy leakage from perovskite microdisk to silicon is totally removed, leading to the observation of perovskite lasers on silicon with a laser quality factor ∼4850. This research demonstrates the possibility to build perovskite-based photonic circuits and may also contribute novel thoughts to tackle the bottleneck of heterogeneous integrating coherent light sources onto silicon substrate.

3D Characterization of Spatiotemporally Coupled High Harmonic Attosecond Pulses

  • Version of Record online: 06 February 2025
3D Characterization of Spatiotemporally Coupled High Harmonic Attosecond Pulses

Manipulations of ultrafast laser fields can induce spatiotemporal coupling, impacting focusability in large-scale facilities. As science advances to the attosecond regime, coherent pulses from high harmonic generation exhibit enhanced coupling. This work employs 3D optical field metrology to overcome characterization challenges, introducing a new parameter to quantify coupling effects, benefiting extreme UV nonlinear optics and attosecond imaging.

High Quantum Yields Enhancement Induced by Processable AIEgens Doped Photonic Crystal Powders for Bright Luminescence and Structural Colors

  • Version of Record online: 06 February 2025
High Quantum Yields Enhancement Induced by Processable AIEgens Doped Photonic Crystal Powders for Bright Luminescence and Structural Colors

Ordered PMMA microspheres assemble into photonic crystal structures, and then AIE: TVP is placed inside. Improving the quantum yield of AIE and enhancing its luminescence intensity based on the regulating effect of PC on light. After crushing, the glowing blocks still maintain a high quantum yield and can be carried out for scraping and injection molding applications.

Quantum Holographic Microscopy

  • Version of Record online: 06 February 2025
Quantum Holographic Microscopy

The phase resolution of the existing quantum phase microscopies is still very low. Here, quantum holography into the microscopy system and construct quantum holographic microscopy is introduced. The phase resolution is improved by an order of magnitude compared to the existing quantum phase microscopies. In addition, the system has good robustness in the presence of strong classical noise.

High-Bit-Efficiency TOPS Optical Tensor Convolutional Accelerator Using Microcombs

  • Version of Record online: 04 February 2025
High-Bit-Efficiency TOPS Optical Tensor Convolutional Accelerator Using Microcombs

This work presents an optical convolution accelerator that operates at speeds exceeding 3 Tera Operations Per Second. By simultaneously multiplexing the physical dimensions—wavelength, time, and space—the accelerator is able to process tensor data with high bit-efficiency. This technology has the potential to become an efficient neuromorphic hardware solution for high-performance tensor convolution in the future.

Rewritable ITO Patterning for Nanophotonics

  • Version of Record online: 04 February 2025
Rewritable ITO Patterning for Nanophotonics

This work proposes a rewritable ITO patterning technique assisted by electrochemical reactions and laser direct writing to fabricate nanophotonic structures. Diffraction gratings with various pitches and holography masks with different resolutions are fabricated on ITO thin film. The experimental tests for the fabricated photonic elements demonstrated that their performance matched well with the theoretical predictions after reversible cycles.

Terahertz GaAs Indicator Chip Based on High-Q-Factor Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons Resonator

  • Version of Record online: 04 February 2025
Terahertz GaAs Indicator Chip Based on High-Q-Factor Spoof Localized Surface Plasmons Resonator

This study proposes a single-port spoof localized surface plasmons (SLSPs) resonator and a dual-port SLSPs resonator for terahertz biosensing. The measured quality-factor (Q-factor) of dual-port resonator reaches 69 at 179.4 GHz, and single-port resonator achieves a groundbreaking Q-factor of 405.4 at 150GHz. Biosensing experiments with different medicine solutions are conducted, showcasing significant potential of both design as terahertz GaAs indicator chip.

Dynamic and Static Stress Sensing Based on Mechanical Quenching Phenomenon From CaZnOS:Cu+

  • Version of Record online: 02 February 2025
Dynamic and Static Stress Sensing Based on Mechanical Quenching Phenomenon From CaZnOS:Cu+

The mechanical quenching (MQ) material CaZnOS:Cu+ has the static stress response characteristic which is not possessed by other mechanic-optical response materials, hence the dynamic and static stress are distinguished and sensed by using this material, and the signal output of dynamic and static stress is achieved by preparing a sensor device.

Dynamic Plasmonic Full-Color Generation via Machine Learning and Liquid Crystals

  • Version of Record online: 02 February 2025
Dynamic Plasmonic Full-Color Generation via Machine Learning and Liquid Crystals

In this work, a state-of-the-art machine learning method is proposed in plasmonic color generations with respect to polarization-sensitive color gamut. Beyond polarization gradients, the resulted plasmonic colors can be electronically tuned by liquid crystals. The plasmonic colors varied in milliseconds depending on the applied 0–3V voltages upon liquid crystal molecules, providing a potential way for high-resolution plasmonic color LCDs.

Perfect Soliton Crystal Linear-Wave Scattering Enables Spectrum Reconstruction

  • Version of Record online: 01 February 2025
Perfect Soliton Crystal Linear-Wave Scattering Enables Spectrum Reconstruction

Nonlinear interaction between a soliton microcomb and linear waves induces frequency translation. The efficient idler comb induced by the probe laser can reconstruct the spectrum of the perfect soliton crystal comb due to the Bragg scattering. This approach shows the feasible path to realize the spectral expansion and line number multiplication, overcoming microring limitations.

Multichannel Parallel Mode Order Converter for On-Chip Reconfigurable PDM-MDM Transmission

  • Version of Record online: 01 February 2025
Multichannel Parallel Mode Order Converter for On-Chip Reconfigurable PDM-MDM Transmission

A unprecedented dual-polarization multichannel parallel mode order converter is proposed. Multimode beam splitters based on novel variable step size binary search algorithm and phase shifters based on subwavelength grating are combined with MZI-like structure to ensure flexible reconfigurability and scalability. The excellent experimental results confirm the potential of its application in high-speed hybrid multiplexing transmission systems.

Ultra-Flat Broadband Low-Noise Frequency Comb in a Fiber Fabry-Perot Resonator

  • Version of Record online: 31 January 2025
Ultra-Flat Broadband Low-Noise Frequency Comb in a Fiber Fabry-Perot Resonator

In this study, the soliton dynamics in the influence of GVD, TOD, and SRS effect is explored by pulsed pumping high-Q fiber F-P resonator. By adjusting the desynchronization frequency δfeo, an ultra-flat bright structure (BS) microcomb or broadband SRS amplified bright structure (SRS-BS) microcomb can be obtained.

Monolithic Spin-Multiplexing Metalens for Dual-Functional Imaging

  • Version of Record online: 31 January 2025
Monolithic Spin-Multiplexing Metalens for Dual-Functional Imaging

A monolithic photonic spin-multiplexing metalens enables seamless switching between bright-field and spiral-phase-contrast imaging modes by simply adjusting the spin state of illumination light. The device achieves an operational efficiency up to 80% and imaging resolution better than 4.4 µm (228 lp mm−1) in both modes. This study provides a viable solution for compact, lightweight, and easily switchable multi-functional microscopic imaging systems.

Ultrafast Photonic PCR with All-Solution-Processed Ti3C2Tx-Based Perfect Absorbers

  • Version of Record online: 31 January 2025
Ultrafast Photonic PCR with All-Solution-Processed Ti3C2Tx-Based Perfect Absorbers

A low-cost, ultrafast photonic PCR chip is developed using a perfect metamaterial absorber composed of Ti3C2Tx MXene, SiO2, and gold nanoparticles in a metal-insulator-metal configuration. The chip achieves 98% light absorption through solution processing and enables efficient DNA amplification with heating/cooling rates of ≈8.3 and ≈7.2 °C s−1, providing rapid and cost-effective point-of-care diagnostics.

Broadband Mode Coupling with Record-High Fabrication Tolerance Using the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage Technique

  • Version of Record online: 31 January 2025
Broadband Mode Coupling with Record-High Fabrication Tolerance Using the Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage Technique

The stimulated Raman adiabatic passage process is discussed from a topological perspective for the first time and exploited to realize broadband mode coupling devices with record-high fabrication tolerance (deviations of −80–100 nm in waveguide width and gap distance). The transmission of a net 127 Gb s−1 signal is experimentally demonstrated for each channel of the topological mode-division multiplexer.

Component/Stimulus-Dependent Multi-Exciton Emission in Zr(IV)-Based Organic Metal Halides Triggered by Supramolecular Assembly and Antimony Doping

  • Version of Record online: 30 January 2025
Component/Stimulus-Dependent Multi-Exciton Emission in Zr(IV)-Based Organic Metal Halides Triggered by Supramolecular Assembly and Antimony Doping

Three different Sb3+-activated Zr(IV)-based organic metal halides of Sb3+-doped [18-crown-6@A]2ZrCl6 (A = K, Rb, Cs) are reported, which shows the efficient tunable white emission with the optimal luminous efficiency of 91.28% for [18-crown-6@K]2ZrCl6:Sb3+. Moreover, the as-synthesized component/excitation/temperature/moisture-dependent emission characteristics, which allow to demonstrate of its application in multiple optical anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.

Single-Shot on-Chip Diffractive Speckle Spectrometer with High Spectral Channel Density

  • Version of Record online: 30 January 2025
Single-Shot on-Chip Diffractive Speckle Spectrometer with High Spectral Channel Density

A single-shot spectrometer using all-passive on-chip diffractive metasurfaces is demonstrated. The device is fabricated in a silicon photonic foundry with a CMOS compatible process. Resolution of 47 pm is achieved across 40 nm bandwidth, yielding 851 spectral channels within a footprint of 150 µm × 300 µm. It provides a possible means to develop single-shot and compact on-chip spectrometers beyond the resolution-bandwidth limit.

Maximized Enhancement of Polarized and Unpolarized Emissions via Critical Coupling in Brillouin Zone Folding Metasurfaces

  • Version of Record online: 30 January 2025
Maximized Enhancement of Polarized and Unpolarized Emissions via Critical Coupling in Brillouin Zone Folding Metasurfaces

Maximized emission enhancement is experimentally achieved using critical coupling in Brillouin zone folding metasurfaces. Maximized enhancements of polarized and unpolarized emissions from quantum dot-coated dielectric metasurfaces are demonstrated in the normal direction. Highly enhanced, directional, and narrow-angled emissions of polarized and unpolarized light can lead to enhanced functionalities for compact light sources without external bulky optical elements.

Realization of Chiral Whispering Gallery Mode Cavities Enabled by Photonic Chern Insulators

  • Version of Record online: 29 January 2025
Realization of Chiral Whispering Gallery Mode Cavities Enabled by Photonic Chern Insulators

Research in topological photonics has predicted and realized chiral edge states emerging at the interface between photonic Chern and ordinary insulators, which are distinguished by their Chern numbers. Here, the realization of chiral whispering gallery modes is demonstrated enabled by photonic Chern insulators in a whispering gallery mode cavity.

MTiTaO6: Cr3+ (M = Al3+, Ga3+, Sc3+) Phosphors with Ultra-Broadband Excitation Spectra and Enhanced Near-Infrared Emission for Solar Cells

  • Version of Record online: 29 January 2025
MTiTaO6: Cr3+ (M = Al3+, Ga3+, Sc3+) Phosphors with Ultra-Broadband Excitation Spectra and Enhanced Near-Infrared Emission for Solar Cells

In this paper, the authors report an MTiTaO6:Cr3+ (M = Al3+, Ga3+, Sc3+) NIR phosphor with an ultra-broadband (bandwidth = 421 nm) excitation spectrum. It is the widest excitation spectrum among the known Cr3+-doped NIR phosphors. This material shows promising prospects for solar cells.

Review

Interfacing Nanophotonics with Deep Neural Networks: AI for Photonic Design and Photonic Implementation of AI

  • Version of Record online: 29 January 2025
Interfacing Nanophotonics with Deep Neural Networks: AI for Photonic Design and Photonic Implementation of AI

This review focuses on the bidirectional interactions between nanophotonics and artificial intelligence. In one direction, deep learning methodologies that facilitate the design and optimization of photonic devices are introduced, covering their functions, model architectures, strengths, and challenges. In the other direction, it explores how photonic devices can serve as a platform for implementing neural networks, highlighting their potential as hardware accelerators.

Research Article

Ultralow Turn-On Voltage Organic Upconversion Devices for High-Resolution Imaging Based on Near-Infrared Homotandem Photodetector

  • Version of Record online: 28 January 2025
Ultralow Turn-On Voltage Organic Upconversion Devices for High-Resolution Imaging Based on Near-Infrared Homotandem Photodetector

A novel organic upconversion device based on a near-infrared homotandem photodetection unit is fabricated for high-resolution bioimaging. The device reaches a noteworthy Von of 0.64 V. Moreover, the device shows a high imaging resolution of 5799 pixels per inch.

Bandwidth Enhancement of Epsilon-Near-Zero Supercoupling with Inverse-Designed Metamaterials

  • Version of Record online: 28 January 2025
Bandwidth Enhancement of Epsilon-Near-Zero Supercoupling with Inverse-Designed Metamaterials

An inverse-designed pixel metamaterial is proposed to enhance the bandwidth of the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) supercoupling. By manipulating and superposing multiple modes, the pixel metamaterial enables broadband total wave transmission within confined and geometry-independent spaces. This metamaterial approach overcomes the narrowband limitations of ENZ supercoupling, paving the way for broadband applications in communication, imaging, and integrated on-chip devices.

Approaching the Quantum-Limited Precision in Frequency-Comb-Based Spectral Interferometric Ranging

  • Version of Record online: 28 January 2025
Approaching the Quantum-Limited Precision in Frequency-Comb-Based Spectral Interferometric Ranging

Frequency-comb-based spectral interferometry is regarded as a promising technology for next-generation length standards. Here, distance measurements are reported by frequency-comb-based spectral interferometry with sub-nm precision close to a standard quantum limit. the study will be an important step toward the practical realization of upcoming length standards.

Open Access

Enhancing Detection Capability of Orbital Angular Momentum Sorter

  • Version of Record online: 28 January 2025
Enhancing Detection Capability of Orbital Angular Momentum Sorter

Detecting orbital angular momentum (OAM) of vortex beams plays a vital role in unlocking their new capability. A multifoci metalens is developed to detect more OAM modes with the same number of light spots in the observation plane. Each light spot can detect two OAM modes, dramatically increasing the detection capability of the system.

Photoacoustics for Direct Light-Guiding Inside Transparent and Scattering Media

  • Version of Record online: 27 January 2025
Photoacoustics for Direct Light-Guiding Inside Transparent and Scattering Media

A novel method for guiding light in transparent and scattering media without external components is presented. A pulsed laser and absorptive material generate photoacoustic pressure waves within the medium, creating refractive index gradients for sub-microsecond light guiding. This technique enables rapid and flexible light delivery under previously unattainable conditions.

3D Printed Metamaterial Absorber Based on Vanadium Dioxide Phase Transition Control Prepared at Room Temperature

  • Version of Record online: 25 January 2025
3D Printed Metamaterial Absorber Based on Vanadium Dioxide Phase Transition Control Prepared at Room Temperature

A petal-shaped metamaterial absorber is designed based on vanadium dioxide phase transition control and prepared metamaterial samples using surface projection micro stereolithography (PµSL) 3D printing technology. The PµSL 3D printing technology makes it possible to prepare high-precision complex samples, and the ultrasonic spraying method enables the coating of vanadium dioxide thin films at room temperature.

Broadband and High-Resolution Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Enabled by a Single Phase Change Metasurface

  • Version of Record online: 25 January 2025
Broadband and High-Resolution Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Enabled by a Single Phase Change Metasurface

A mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum detection technology is introduced employing a single electrically controlled phase-change metasurface. By fully harnessing the high refractive index and unique multi-stage phase change properties of chalcogenide materials, combined with neural network algorithms, broadband (2.8–5.2 µm) performance is numerically demonstrated, high-resolution spectral reconstruction (FWHM 20 nm), which holds significant potential for advancing spectral imaging and rapid diagnostic techniques.

Nonlinearity Manipulation for Highly Efficient Modal Phase-matched Second Harmonic Generation on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate

  • Version of Record online: 25 January 2025
Nonlinearity Manipulation for Highly Efficient Modal Phase-matched Second Harmonic Generation on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate

They propose and demonstrate a flexible, fabrication-friendly ferroelectric domain engineering method to realize high-efficiency nonlinear frequency converters on thin-film lithium niobate. This method enables localized and manipulable nonlinearity in the lithium niobate thin film, achieving a high normalized conversion efficiency of 8300% W−1 cm−2 and presenting considerable potential for advanced on-chip nonlinear devices.

Ultra-Wideband Simultaneous Manipulations of Fundamental and Harmonic Waves Based on Space-Time Coding Metasurface: Basic Principles and mmWave Applications

  • Version of Record online: 24 January 2025
Ultra-Wideband Simultaneous Manipulations of Fundamental and Harmonic Waves Based on Space-Time Coding Metasurface: Basic Principles and mmWave Applications

A novel millimeter-wave communication architecture is proposed based on space-time coding metasurface alongside innovative electromagnetic manipulation mechanisms and encoding strategies. The system enables simultaneous QPSK data transmission and beamforming at fundamental and harmonic frequencies, spanning over 25 GHz in bandwidth. This compact and efficient architecture offers a possibility for designing economical, ultra-broadband, high-capacity wireless networks for the next generation.

Enhancing Optical Sectioning in Structured Illumination Microscopy With Axially Confined Fringe Modulation

  • Version of Record online: 24 January 2025
Enhancing Optical Sectioning in Structured Illumination Microscopy With Axially Confined Fringe Modulation

Optical sectioning structured illumination microscopy (OS-SIM) enables orders of magnitude faster volumetric imaging than laser scanning confocal microscopy. Here the optical sectioning mechanism of OS-SIM theoretically and experimentally are explored, and delineate the contributions from the illumination and detection pathways. By using partially coherent illumination, nearly fivefold and 1.4-fold axial resolution improvement have achieved for non-fluorescent and fluorescent samples, respectively.

An Ultra-Broadband Modified Moiré Varifocal Metalens with High Alignment Tolerance for Terahertz Wave

  • Version of Record online: 24 January 2025
An Ultra-Broadband Modified Moiré Varifocal Metalens with High Alignment Tolerance for Terahertz Wave

A modified Moiré metalens (MML) is introduced with enhanced performance, overcoming the limitations of traditional MML. The modified MML demonstrates higher focusing efficiency, increased axial and lateral displacement tolerance, and an ultra-wide operating bandwidth. Experimental validation in the terahertz band confirms its robustness and potential for varifocal lens applications across the electromagnetic spectrum.

Enhancement of Light Extraction Efficiency in AlGaN-Based Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes Using Cooperative Scattering Structures on the n-AlGaN Layer

  • Version of Record online: 24 January 2025
Enhancement of Light Extraction Efficiency in AlGaN-Based Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes Using Cooperative Scattering Structures on the n-AlGaN Layer

In this work, an innovative cooperative scattering structure is introduced that combines a nanopore configuration with an Al nanoparticle array on the n-AlGaN layer of the DUV LEDs. With the help of the cooperative scattering structure, a notable 2.2 times is achieved in its light extraction efficiency (LEE) enhancement factor. This work paves the way to fabricate high efficiency DUV LEDs via novel scattering structure designs.

Exceptional Absorption in a Deep-Subwavelength Plasmonic Film

  • Version of Record online: 24 January 2025
Exceptional Absorption in a Deep-Subwavelength Plasmonic Film

A metalayer composed of randomly distributed dielectric particles in a metallic matrix exhibits absorption performance that notably exceeds the results predicted by standard plane-wave optics theories, potentially due to the Anderson localization effect.

Angular Momentum Superposition Beams-Based Interferometer

  • Version of Record online: 24 January 2025
Angular Momentum Superposition Beams-Based Interferometer

An orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beam-based interferometer that can simultaneously detect rotational and linear displacements is experimentally verified, where the phase changes induced by rotational and linear displacements are independently carried by an angular momentum superposition beam containing different spin and orbital angular momenta. The phase changes of the OAM interferograms are accurately yet highly efficiently extracted by using a phase-demodulation method operated in the domain of the OAM complex spectrum.

Ruthenium Oxide: A Near 0.8 µm Epsilon-Near-Zero Medium for Multipurpose Nonlinear Photonics

  • Version of Record online: 24 January 2025
Ruthenium Oxide: A Near 0.8 µm Epsilon-Near-Zero Medium for Multipurpose Nonlinear Photonics

ENZ materials offer unique optical properties for photonics. Stoichiometric r-RuO2 has the shortest λ0 (≈800 nm) among conductive oxides is found, with strong field enhancement and NLO response. Its ultrafast optical nonlinearity enables stable laser pulse generation in fiber lasers, highlighting its potential for nonlinear photonics in visible and NIR regions.

Topologically Integrated Photonic Biosensor Circuits

  • Version of Record online: 22 January 2025
Topologically Integrated Photonic Biosensor Circuits

Photonic topological edge states can serve as highways for information propagation. Here, such highways are used to connect lots of photonic biosensors for an integrated chip with versatile biosensing functions that can be achieved by a single measurement. Remarkably, the robustness of the photonic topological edge states enables the chip's high integration capacity and excellent performance despite real-life imperfections.

Tristate Switching of Terahertz Metasurfaces Enabled by Transferable VO2

  • Version of Record online: 22 January 2025
Tristate Switching of Terahertz Metasurfaces Enabled by Transferable VO2

Dynamic switching among transmission, reflection, and absorption states is crucial for light-metasurface interactions and practical applications like electromagnetic shielding. Tristate tuning is demonstrated in a single-layer, free-standing metasurface by switching dipole modes and using a vanadium dioxide thin film. This enables modulation from high transmission to near-perfect absorption and high reflection, offering new design approaches for reconfigurable metasurfaces.

Multicolor Borogermanate Glass Films for High-Brightness Wide-Color-Gamut Laser-Driven Projection Display

  • Version of Record online: 21 January 2025
Multicolor Borogermanate Glass Films for High-Brightness Wide-Color-Gamut Laser-Driven Projection Display

A versatile borogermanate glass matrix capable of accommodating various commercial phosphor powders is developed to form multicolor PiGFs with superior luminescent performance. An innovative four-color “polygon scheme” by introducing an additional cyan-emissive component substantially improves the color gamut of the laser display.

Excitation of Longitudinal Bound States in a Weyl Metamaterial cavity

  • Version of Record online: 21 January 2025
Excitation of Longitudinal Bound States in a Weyl Metamaterial cavity

This article explores the challenges of investigating longitudinal electromagnetic modes (LMs) due to their coupling difficulties with free space radiation. It presents a novel approach in a Weyl metamaterial cavity to observe a quasi-bound state in continuum-like effects of LMs. The findings promise significant advancements in applications like lasing, optical sensing, and waveguiding.

Room-Temperature Self-Cavity Lasing From Organic Spintronic Materials

  • Version of Record online: 20 January 2025
Room-Temperature Self-Cavity Lasing From Organic Spintronic Materials

An organic spintronic material, pentacene-doped p-terphenyl (Pc:Ptp), normally used for microwave quantum electronics, is demonstrated for the first time its ability of self-cavity laser emission at room temperature. The narrow linewidth, high polarization, directionality, and coherence reveal its potential for the applications in solid-state quantum sensing.

Synchronization-Free Single-Photon 3D Imaging

  • Version of Record online: 20 January 2025
Synchronization-Free Single-Photon 3D Imaging

This work proposes and experimentally demonstrates a synchronization-free single-photon 3D imaging scheme that treats the modulated illumination light as a carrier of both clock drift and the depth information of the targets. The elimination of the need for additional synchronization between the illumination light and the detector will improve the flexibility of 3D imaging systems.

Weyl-Related Surface Circular Photogalvanic Effect in Nonsymmorphic-Symmetry ZrGeTe4 Semiconductor

  • Version of Record online: 20 January 2025
Weyl-Related Surface Circular Photogalvanic Effect in Nonsymmorphic-Symmetry ZrGeTe4 Semiconductor

This work reveals a near-infrared-sensitive circular photogalvanic effect caused by surface symmetry reduction in the nonsymmorphic ZrGeTe4 semiconductor, which microscopically originates from interband optical transitions between chiral Kramers–Weyl nodes. It can be manipulated by an in-plane electric field by tilting the Fermi surface. This work provides a new platform to develop spintronic devices by combining semiconductors with topological features.

Strong Nonlinear Response and All-Optical Applications in Hybrid Bismuth Halide with Spatial Self-Phase Modulation

  • Version of Record online: 20 January 2025
Strong Nonlinear Response and All-Optical Applications in Hybrid Bismuth Halide with Spatial Self-Phase Modulation

A novel lead-free hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite, (PPA)3BiI6 (PPA = 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ammonium), is synthesized and investigated for its nonlinear optical response by using the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM). The (PPA)3BiI6 demonstrates exceptional third-order nonlinear optical properties, surpassing those of the previously reported lead-free perovskites, and showcases the potential applications in photonic devices, such as all-optical switcher and unidirectional hybrid diode.

AC-Driven Color-Tunable White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes With Micron-Scale Patterned Carrier Transport Layers

  • Version of Record online: 20 January 2025
AC-Driven Color-Tunable White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes With Micron-Scale Patterned Carrier Transport Layers

Intelligent lighting systems, leveraging adjustable color temperature and intensity, are essential for human-centric environments. White OLEDs, with their flexibility and low costs, are a leading candidate for future applications. This study introduces a two-electrode-driven, color-tunable OLED design, achieving high efficiency and luminance with AC signal modulation, enabling precise color temperature adjustment.

Efficient Measurement of Orbital Angular Momentum Entanglement Using Convolutional Neural Network

  • Version of Record online: 17 January 2025
Efficient Measurement of Orbital Angular Momentum Entanglement Using Convolutional Neural Network

An efficient tomography framework for high-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement is proposed, using convolutional neural networks. This method requires only two measurements to rapidly reconstruct the density matrix, even for mixed entangled states and incomplete tomographic scenarios. This approach demonstrates high fidelity and fast data processing, significantly enhancing the measurement efficiency for high-dimensional OAM entangled states.

High-Speed and Broadband n-Si/p-Se0.3Te0.7/ITO Heterojunction Photodetector

  • Version of Record online: 17 January 2025
High-Speed and Broadband n-Si/p-Se0.3Te0.7/ITO Heterojunction Photodetector

This study incorporates internal photoemission and holes trapping mechanisms to enhance the performance of Si/Se0.3Te0.7 heterojunction photodetectors, focusing on sensitivity and speed. The photodetector shows a 10000% improved responsivity at 1310 and 1550 nm, and a response time of ≈20 µs over a wide spectral range which represents a 100-fold reduction compared to devices lacking these mechanisms.

Spatially Asymmetric Optical Propagation and All-Optical Switching Based on Spatial Self-Phase Modulation of Semimetal MoP Microparticles

  • Version of Record online: 17 January 2025
Spatially Asymmetric Optical Propagation and All-Optical Switching Based on Spatial Self-Phase Modulation of Semimetal MoP Microparticles

The SSPM ring formation dynamics of MoP microparticles are investigated, their nonlinear refractive index and ring formation time are characterized, and the formation mechanism of self-diffraction rings is analyzed. Additionally, by utilizing the superior nonlinear optical response of MoP microparticles, the spatially asymmetric optical propagation of MoP/violet phosphorus (VP) cascaded samples and the all-optical switching performance of MoP microparticles are demonstrated, respectively.

Counterintuitive Reversal of Circular Dichroism via Controllable Plasmonic Guided Mode Resonance in Diatomic Metasurfaces

  • Version of Record online: 17 January 2025
Counterintuitive Reversal of Circular Dichroism via Controllable Plasmonic Guided Mode Resonance in Diatomic Metasurfaces

The continuous variation and counterintuitive sign reversal of circular dichroism are achieved by manipulating the collective interference of plasmonic guided mode resonances within diatomic metasurfaces, providing a straightforward approach for manipulating circular dichroism without modifying the geometric chirality. Experimental demonstration showcases its potential applications in chiral optical encryption.

Superbly Bright Tin-Based Perovskite LEDs

  • Version of Record online: 16 January 2025
Superbly Bright Tin-Based Perovskite LEDs

With the assistance of NH4SCN for slow crystallization and grain engineering, high-quality PEA2SnI4-based perovskites are produced that generate pure red LEDs with 8285 cd m−2 of luminance, the highest luminance among all pure red tin-based PeLEDs and fully meet outdoor display requirements.

Synthesis and Irreversible Pressure-Induced Emission Enhancement of Ultrathin Lead-Free 2D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite (i-OA)3BiBr6 Nanosheets at Room Temperature

  • Version of Record online: 15 January 2025
Synthesis and Irreversible Pressure-Induced Emission Enhancement of Ultrathin Lead-Free 2D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite (i-OA)3BiBr6 Nanosheets at Room Temperature

Irreversible enhancement of self-trapped exciton emission in ultrathin 2D lead-free hybrid perovskite nanosheets under ambient conditions is successfully achieved. Concurrently, strengthened hydrogen bonds stabilize the crystal structure, maintaining optimal lattice distortion and ensuring the durability of the high-efficiency emission.

Second Harmonic Generation with 48% Conversion Efficiency from Cavity Polygon Modes in a Monocrystalline Lithium Niobate Microdisk Resonator

  • Version of Record online: 15 January 2025
Second Harmonic Generation with 48% Conversion Efficiency from Cavity Polygon Modes in a Monocrystalline Lithium Niobate Microdisk Resonator

An ultra-efficiency second harmonic generation (SHG) mechanism is demonstrated by exciting ultra-high Q cavity square modes in an X-cut thin-film lithium niobate microdisk resonator without fine microdomain structures to maximum leverage the largest nonlinear coefficient d33 and the high modal overlap factor, leading to highly efficient SHG with an absolute conversion efficiency as high as 48.08%.

Photonic Terahertz Chaos Enabling High-Precision and Unambiguous Ranging

  • Version of Record online: 15 January 2025
Photonic Terahertz Chaos Enabling High-Precision and Unambiguous Ranging

A broadband photonics-based chaos source operating at the terahertz (THz) band is generated and experimentally achieves high-precision ranging with anti-ambiguity. Facilitated by the mutual enhancement between THz radar and chaos source, this work bridges the THz gap in the practical deployment of chaos theory and will pave the way for a new regime of THz radar empowered by chaos.

Polarization-Locked Floquet Higher-Order Topological Insulators in Synthetic Dimension

  • Version of Record online: 15 January 2025
Polarization-Locked Floquet Higher-Order Topological Insulators in Synthetic Dimension

A strategy based on photonic polarization inter-band transition is proposed to realize Floquet higher-order topological insulators in synthetic dimension, and the polarization-locked topological corner states are theoretically demonstrated. The proposed method manifests great flexibility in manipulating topological phase transitions. This strategy thus deepens the understanding of higher-order topology and bulk-boundary correspondence.

Pathway Selectivity in 2D Electronic-Vibrational Spectroscopy with Quantum Light

  • Version of Record online: 15 January 2025
Pathway Selectivity in 2D Electronic-Vibrational Spectroscopy with Quantum Light

2D spectroscopy has been used for decades to study light-harvesting materials. Interpreting 2D spectra is usually challenging since multiple light-matter interaction pathways contribute to a recorded signal. This theoretical study shows how entangled photons can help record distinct 2D spectra for different pathways. Quantum entanglement between photons is shown to improve the visibility of different features in a spectrum.

Fast-Tuning and Narrow-Linewidth Hybrid Laser for FMCW Ranging

  • Version of Record online: 15 January 2025
Fast-Tuning and Narrow-Linewidth Hybrid Laser for FMCW Ranging

In this study, a hybrid-integrated laser source by self-injection locking (SIL) a DFB laser diode to a low-loss S i 3 N 4 $S{i_3}{N_4}\;$ micro-ring resonator is presented. Benefiting from these components, a linewidth of 9 kHz, a modulation efficiency of 7 GHz/V, and a frequency excursion of 1.05 GHz in the integrated device are simultaneously achieved. Finally, we produce a linear FMCW signal with a chirp nonlinearity of 4.3 ×  10 6 ${10^{ - 6}}$ , delivering a 0.4 cm ranging precision in this experiment is produced.

Open Access

Experimental Emulator of Pulse Dynamics in Fractional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

  • Version of Record online: 14 January 2025
Experimental Emulator of Pulse Dynamics in Fractional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

The authors present an experimental emulator to investigate pulse dynamics within the framework of the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. By tailoring fractional group-velocity dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity in an optical cavity, distinctive spectral-temporal phenomena, including fractional solitons and spectral valleys, are unveiled. This work deepens the understanding of fractional nonlinear systems and paves the way for exploring fractional quantum mechanics.

Ferrofluid-Assisted Dynamic Metasurface 3D Holography Endowed With Rapid, Linear, and High-Contrast Color Modulation

  • Version of Record online: 14 January 2025
Ferrofluid-Assisted Dynamic Metasurface 3D Holography Endowed With Rapid, Linear, and High-Contrast Color Modulation

In this study, the results of a new ferrofluid-assisted dynamic metasurface is reported for achieving 3D holography endowed with rapid, linear, and high-contrast color modulation at the same time. This opens the door to a novel implementation of the dynamic metasurface 3D holography, transcending the currently limited display capability of metasurface holography.

Self-Induced Radioluminescence in Supramolecular Metal Halide Doped with Radioactive Isotope Strontium-90

  • Version of Record online: 14 January 2025
Self-Induced Radioluminescence in Supramolecular Metal Halide Doped with Radioactive Isotope Strontium-90

The radioactive Sr-90 doping supramolecular metal halide is first synthesized and characterized. The inherent beta decays of 90Sr2+ ions from cationic supramolecular scaffoldings continuously ionize the SbCl52- anions, enabling self-induced radioluminescence.

Mechanoluminescence from Lead-Free Perovskites Cs2HfCl6: Te4+

  • Version of Record online: 14 January 2025
Mechanoluminescence from Lead-Free Perovskites Cs2HfCl6: Te4+

A kind of ML material characterized by elevated brightness, extended storage stability, and ML afterglow has been engineered through X-ray irradiation in Cs₂HfCl₆: Te4+ lead-free perovskites.

Advanced Physical Layer Metasurface-Empowered Cryptography with Robustness, High Capacity, and Enhanced Security

  • Version of Record online: 13 January 2025
Advanced Physical Layer Metasurface-Empowered Cryptography with Robustness, High Capacity, and Enhanced Security

A robust, high-capacity encryption method based on a dual-band complex-amplitude metasurface is proposed. By integrating ASCII encoding, a SHA-256 compressed digital signature, a multivariate encryption key, and a modified VSS scheme, security is significantly enhanced, eliminating the need for codebook transmission. Additionally, a 3D wavefront reconstruction algorithm is used to improve capacity. A metasurface sample is fabricated, and characterized as a proof-of-concept demonstration.

Hybrid Femtosecond Laser 3D Processing Technology for Rapid Integration of Functional Optical Devices on Fibers

  • Version of Record online: 11 January 2025
Hybrid Femtosecond Laser 3D Processing Technology for Rapid Integration of Functional Optical Devices on Fibers

This work proposes a hybrid femtosecond laser 3D processing system for rapid integration of 3D micro–nanostructures on fibers. This technology combines femtosecond projection lithography with direct laser writing; thus, improving efficiency by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the traditional point by point scanning strategy. No optical components need to be changed when switching processing modes.

Polarization-Independent Dispersive Complex-Amplitude Modulation via Anisotropic Metasurfaces

  • Version of Record online: 11 January 2025
Polarization-Independent Dispersive Complex-Amplitude Modulation via Anisotropic Metasurfaces

As well known, polarization-independent characteristic is highly desirable for practical applications, and for metasurfaces, it is typically achieved through isotropic structures. Here, counterintuitively, polarization-independent dispersive complex-amplitude modulation is achieved via a single-layered anisotropic metasurface. By fully exploiting the degrees of freedom (DoFs) in the parameter space, the previously unattainable polarization-independent functionalities can be achieved without adding additional challenges to metasurface manufacturing.

Pressure-Tailored ππ Stacking in Dimers Enhances Blue Photoluminescence in Boron-Based Organic Molecules

  • Version of Record online: 11 January 2025
Pressure-Tailored π–π Stacking in Dimers Enhances Blue Photoluminescence in Boron-Based Organic Molecules

Pressure-treated phenylboric acid (PBA) exhibits a brilliant blue emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield from the initial 2.3 % increasing to 31.5 %. Pressure-induced phase transition enhanced hydrogen bonds, which restrict the vibration of the benzene ring and minimize the non-radiative loss. The increased probability of electronic transition and oscillator strength results in the brighter blue PL emission of PBA.

Open Access

Thermal Management in AlGaAs-On-Insulator Microresonators: Enabling and Extending Soliton Comb Generation

  • Version of Record online: 11 January 2025
Thermal Management in AlGaAs-On-Insulator Microresonators: Enabling and Extending Soliton Comb Generation

This work demonstrates thermal management in AlGaAs-on-insulator microresonators using an auxiliary laser, enabling room-temperature soliton comb generation. By harnessing the residual thermal effects, the soliton existence range is extended to 37 GHz without active feedback. This approach paves the way for practical deployment of AlGaAs frequency comb sources, unlocking new possibilities for integrated photonics applications.

Non-Invasive Anatomical Level Cerebrovascular Imaging of Mice Using Diffusion Model-Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging

  • Version of Record online: 10 January 2025
Non-Invasive Anatomical Level Cerebrovascular Imaging of Mice Using Diffusion Model-Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging

In vivo indocyanine green (ICG) -based fluorescence imaging is promising for cerebrovascular visualization but faces limitations due to skull interference, often requiring invasive methods. The diffusion models non-invasively enhance trans-scalp images to an anatomical level resolution similar to trans-cranial images (20.1 µm). Tested on a stroke model, it offers a cost-effective, high-resolution alternative for detecting ischemic sites.

Room-Temperature and Ultrafast Synthesis of Sub-4 nm Yb3+/Nd3+ Ions-Doped CaMoO4 Nanocrystals with Near-Infrared Photoluminescence Quantum Yield of 40%

  • Version of Record online: 10 January 2025
Room-Temperature and Ultrafast Synthesis of Sub-4 nm Yb3+/Nd3+ Ions-Doped CaMoO4 Nanocrystals with Near-Infrared Photoluminescence Quantum Yield of 40%

Sub-4 nm Yb3+/Nd3+-doped CaMoO4 nanocrystals with near-infrared photoluminescence quantum yield of 40% have been successfully synthesized for the first time by a facile room-temperature ligand-assisted coprecipitation method, which can be completed within 1 min under ambient conditions.

Dynamic Multicolor Display with Wide Color Gamut Enabled by Vanadium Oxide-Based Fabry–Pérot Electrochromic Nanocavities

  • Version of Record online: 10 January 2025
Dynamic Multicolor Display with Wide Color Gamut Enabled by Vanadium Oxide-Based Fabry–Pérot Electrochromic Nanocavities

A wide color gamut electrochromic display utilizing asymmetric VOx-based Fabry–Pérot nanocavities is presented. This design enables exceptional color modulation from a single electrode, achieving dynamic transitions across magenta, purple, blue, and green hues by adjusting the VOx film thickness. Structural analysis reveals the role of Li+ ions dynamics in influencing optical properties, facilitating advanced applications in flexible display electronics.

Speckle-Free 3D Holography in the Wigner Domain

  • Version of Record online: 10 January 2025
Speckle-Free 3D Holography in the Wigner Domain

In this work, an ideal numerical light field mapping physical model from the hologram plane to the 3D image plane is established with the aid of the Wigner distribution function, which allows the analysis of a light field from the space and the spatial frequency domains simultaneously. Furthermore, by introducing a comprehensive optimization into hologram encoding, speckle-free 3D holography in the Wigner domain is achieved.

Significant Non-Reciprocal Transmission Achieved by Combining Nonlinear Near-Zero Index Materials with Bound States in the Continuum

  • Version of Record online: 09 January 2025
Significant Non-Reciprocal Transmission Achieved by Combining Nonlinear Near-Zero Index Materials with Bound States in the Continuum

A zero-index BIC is realized in an asymmetric nonlinear silicon metasurface. Because of the high Q-factor of quasi-BIC and the enhanced nonlinear effect in the near-zero index background, a large range of non-reciprocal transmission of ≈7.1 at low pump intensity is realized. For the first time, quasi-BIC with ZIM are combined together to enhance nonlinear effects, which may be of great significance for the application involving nonlinear effects.

MASCN Vapor-Assisted Fabrication of Compact and Large-Grain MAPbI3 Polycrystalline Wafer for X-Ray Detection and Imaging

  • Version of Record online: 09 January 2025
MASCN Vapor-Assisted Fabrication of Compact and Large-Grain MAPbI3 Polycrystalline Wafer for X-Ray Detection and Imaging

This study demonstrates a thiocyanate salt vapor-assisted hot-pressing method for fabricating MAPbI3 polycrystalline wafer X-ray detectors. During hot pressing, MASCN vapor facilities in situ growth of MAPbI3 crystal grains, leading to remarkable X-ray detection performance, including a high sensitivity of 16611 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, a low detection limit of 47.5 nGyair s−1, robust operational stability, and superior imaging capability.

Chiral-Gain Photonics

  • Version of Record online: 09 January 2025
Chiral-Gain Photonics

This work explores potential applications of chiral-gain materials, whose electromagnetic response can be active or dissipative depending on the wave spin angular momentum. It is shown that these materials enable unique devices, including chiral lasers, polarization-dependent mirrors, and coherent-perfect-absorber lasers, while also bypassing reciprocity constraints to enhance coupling in high-Q cavities.

Multi-Watt Long-Wavelength Infrared Femtosecond Lasers and Resonant Enamel Ablation

  • Version of Record online: 09 January 2025
Multi-Watt Long-Wavelength Infrared Femtosecond Lasers and Resonant Enamel Ablation

A 6–12 µm broadband tunable femtosecond parametric amplifier, generating output power of 2.4 W at 7.5 µm, and 1.5 W at 9.5 µm is presented. Efficient resonant ablation and microstructure fabrication on enamel at the hydroxyapatite resonant wavelength of 9.5 µm is also showcased, with a laser intensity two orders-of-magnitude lower than that required by non-resonant counterparts.

NIR-to-NIR Lifetime Based Thermometry with the Thermally Elongated Luminescence Kinetics Driven by Structural Phase Transition in LiYO2:Yb3+

  • Version of Record online: 08 January 2025
NIR-to-NIR Lifetime Based Thermometry with the Thermally Elongated Luminescence Kinetics Driven by Structural Phase Transition in LiYO2:Yb3+

In this work, an approach is presented that utilizes a thermally induced increase in the symmetry of the host material associated with a structural phase transition in LiYO2:Yb3+ enabling modification of the probability of radiative depopulation of the 2F5/2 state of the Yb3+ ion and shape of the emission spectra for luminescence thermometry.

Efficient Emission of Lanthanide Ion in Double Perovskite Nanocrystals Enabled by Synergistic Effect of Energy Level Modulation and Crystal-Field Engineering

  • Version of Record online: 08 January 2025
Efficient Emission of Lanthanide Ion in Double Perovskite Nanocrystals Enabled by Synergistic Effect of Energy Level Modulation and Crystal-Field Engineering

The localized distortion of the crystal field induced by K+ ions doping causes energy level splitting of Sb3+ ions, resulting in more effective energy transfer efficiency from the host to Ln3+ ions, simultaneously introducing opposite odd parity, and breaking the forbidden transition rule, promoting luminescence intensity of Ln3+ ions.

Open Access

3D Terahertz Confocal Imaging with Chromatic Metasurface

  • Version of Record online: 07 January 2025
3D Terahertz Confocal Imaging with Chromatic Metasurface

A passive terahertz focusing metasurface is designed to achieve frequency-dependent focal lengths while maintaining a constant spot size. It enables 3D see-through non-metallic objects with fixed spatial resolution across a large depth-of-field. The proposed metasurface can be employed in various applications, including in-situ defect detection, object inspection in security screening, and hidden layer identification in cultural heritage preservation.

Open Access

Chirp-Managed, High-Energy, Low-Repetition Mamyshev Oscillator Based on Hollow Core Fiber

  • Version of Record online: 06 January 2025
Chirp-Managed, High-Energy, Low-Repetition Mamyshev Oscillator Based on Hollow Core Fiber

This paper demonstrates a new method of combining Hollow-core fiber (HCF) and Mamyshev oscillator techniques to generate high-energy ultrashort pulses at a low-repetition. In addition to lowering the pulse frequency, the HCF provides chirp-managed functionality in the Mamyshev oscillator, which further enhances the maximum achievable pulse energy. A high-energy (514 nJ), short-pulse (46 fs), and low-repetition (1 MHz) fiber laser is successfully realized.

Tailored Metal-Oxygen Bonding in Amorphous Perovskite CoSnO3 for Broadband Ultrafast Laser State Active Manipulation

  • Version of Record online: 06 January 2025
Tailored Metal-Oxygen Bonding in Amorphous Perovskite CoSnO3 for Broadband Ultrafast Laser State Active Manipulation

In this study, an ion-exchange strategy is utilized to effectively tailor the metal-oxygen bonds in amorphous CoSnO3, resulting in Fe-doped CoSnO3 (Fe-CoSnO3). Experimental results demonstrated that the toleration of metal-oxygen bonds in CoSnO3 accelerated the electron transition rate, shortened the recovery time, and significantly enhanced its nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, actively manipulating the mode-locking laser state in the NIR region.

Open Access

Abnormal Unidirectional Lasing from the Combined Effect of non-Hermitian Modulated Bound States in the Continuum and Fabry–Pérot Resonance

  • Version of Record online: 06 January 2025
Abnormal Unidirectional Lasing from the Combined Effect of non-Hermitian Modulated Bound States in the Continuum and Fabry–Pérot Resonance

A parity-time (PT) symmetry grating results in an asymmetric split of bound states in the continuum (BIC). Based on the joint effect of the asymmetric PT-BICs and cavity resonance, a line source produces unidirectional and single mode lasing with an interesting wavefront transformation: from a diverging wave to a unidirectional plane wave.

Adaptive Structured-Light 3D Surface Imaging with Cross-Domain Learning

  • Version of Record online: 06 January 2025
Adaptive Structured-Light 3D Surface Imaging with Cross-Domain Learning

A cross-domain learning framework for adaptive structured-light 3D imaging is proposed, enhancing generalization across diverse systems and environments. The method incorporates a novel mixture-of-experts architecture, significantly improving performance over traditional specialist and generalist DNNs, and advancing robust AI-driven optical metrology.

KTb3−xGdxF10 Nano-Glass Composite Scintillator with Excellent Thermal Stability and Record X-Ray Imaging Resolution

  • Version of Record online: 04 January 2025
KTb3−xGdxF10 Nano-Glass Composite Scintillator with Excellent Thermal Stability and Record X-Ray Imaging Resolution

Scintillators exhibiting both excellent spatial resolution and thermal stability are highly sought after for X-ray imaging and radionuclear detection applications in harsh environments. By employing a suite of techniques—including phase-separation-assisted crystallization, energy transfer, and compensation—Tb3+-doped nano-glass composite (nano-GC) scintillators are developed with good scintillation performance, rendering it particularly suited for high-temperature X-ray imaging applications.

Anisotropic Third-Harmonic Vortex Beam Generation with Ultrathin Germanium Arsenide Fork Gratings

  • Version of Record online: 03 January 2025
Anisotropic Third-Harmonic Vortex Beam Generation with Ultrathin Germanium Arsenide Fork Gratings

Highly anisotropic third-harmonic (TH) optical vortex beam generation is demonstrated with fork grating holograms patterned on ultrathin 2D GeAs flakes. The TH optical vortices with defined topological charges are produced and strong anisotropy ratios of TH vortices are observed. These results pave the way toward the advancement of 2D material-based anisotropic nonlinear optical devices.

Achieving over 500% Improvement in Optical Efficiency for VHOE-Lightguide Near-Eye Glasses with Exit Pupil Expansion

  • Version of Record online: 03 January 2025
Achieving over 500% Improvement in Optical Efficiency for VHOE-Lightguide Near-Eye Glasses with Exit Pupil Expansion

This paper proposes an optimized spectrum distribution of the input image to significantly enhance the optical efficiency of volume holographic optical element (VHOE)-based lightguides with exit pupil expansion (EPE). The concept is proved by applying a dispersion holographic optical element. It yields an optical efficiency of 9% for the lightguide with a 30° field of view, representing a 5.63-fold improvement over conventional VHOE-based EPE lightguides.

A Universal Strategy for Multicolor Mechanoluminescence via Radiative Energy Transfer Based on Ultraviolet Mechanoluminescent Material Ca9Al(PO4)7:Ce3+

  • Version of Record online: 03 January 2025
A Universal Strategy for Multicolor Mechanoluminescence via Radiative Energy Transfer Based on Ultraviolet Mechanoluminescent Material Ca9Al(PO4)7:Ce3+

This work introduces a universal strategy for achieving multicolor mechanoluminescence (ML) through radiation energy transfer by ultraviolet ML material. Using this strategy, certain highly efficient photoluminescence materials can develop ML, transitioning from nonexistent to present or from weak to strong. Additionally, the ML color can be tuned by adjusting the composition ratio of energy donor and acceptor.

Highly Efficient Acousto-Optic Modulation Driven by Ultra-Low Power in Integrated Photonic–Phononic Waveguides

  • Version of Record online: 02 January 2025
Highly Efficient Acousto-Optic Modulation Driven by Ultra-Low Power in Integrated Photonic–Phononic Waveguides

Achieving efficient acousto-optic modulation remains challenging due to the simultaneous requirements of confinement and minimal loss for acoustic and optical fields. Using integrated gallium nitride waveguides, these limitations are addressed and complete mode conversion with a 1.67-mW driving power, setting a benchmark for integrated acousto-optics, is demonstrated. That enables new possibilities for integrated quantum and classical signal processing.

Observation of Lossless Topological Bound States from Non-Hermitian Subspaces

  • Version of Record online: 02 January 2025
Observation of Lossless Topological Bound States from Non-Hermitian Subspaces

A three-layer Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain is designed and demonstrated via femtosecond laser direct writing. The system can be split into a Hermitian SSH subspace and a non-Hermitian ladder subspace through hidden symmetry, resulting in the observation of lossless topological bound states in a non-Hermitian system. Such a system offers the potential for achieving coherent topological propagation on photonic chips.

Unlocking Secure Optical Multiplexing with Spatially Incoherent Light

  • Version of Record online: 02 January 2025
Unlocking Secure Optical Multiplexing with Spatially Incoherent Light

While coherent light shows great potential for optical multiplexing, its susceptibility to environmental disturbances often results in information loss. Hereto, an incoherent optical information multiplexing protocol leveraging the field correlations of structured random light is proposed. The inherently incoherent nature of random light makes this protocol have high security, high capacity, and high fidelity, even in an extremely noisy environment.

Highly Emissive Organic Cuprous Halides with [Cu4Br6]2− Unit for X-Ray Imaging

  • Version of Record online: 02 January 2025
Highly Emissive Organic Cuprous Halides with [Cu4Br6]2− Unit for X-Ray Imaging

Three organic-inorganic hybrid cuprous halides with [Cu4Br6]2- unit, namely (TMAA)2Cu4Br6, (EtTPPh)2Cu4Br6, and (MtTBA)2Cu4Br6, are designed and synthesized. (TMAA)2Cu4Br6 exhibits a near-unity PLQY up to 99.86%, which can be attributed to the suppression of non-radiative transition by the introduction of rigid cations. The scintillation film fabricated by (TMAA)2Cu4Br6 achieves a spatial resolution of up to 15.6 lp mm−1. This work presents a promising strategy for designing hybrid cuprous halide scintillators.

Pressure-Synergistic Ligand Engineering Toward Enhanced Emission and Remarkable Piezochromism in Cadmium Sulfide Nanocrystals

  • Version of Record online: 02 January 2025
Pressure-Synergistic Ligand Engineering Toward Enhanced Emission and Remarkable Piezochromism in Cadmium Sulfide Nanocrystals

A robust strategy is developed through pressure-synergistic ligand engineering to achieve enhanced emission and remarkable piezochromism from orange to blue-violet emission with high color purity of 71.4% in the synthesized cadmium sulfide nanocrystals that exhibits both band-edge emission and strong defect emission.

Dual Jones Matrices Empowered Six Phase Channels Modulation with Single-Layer Monoatomic Metasurfaces

  • Version of Record online: 01 January 2025
Dual Jones Matrices Empowered Six Phase Channels Modulation with Single-Layer Monoatomic Metasurfaces

This work proposes a dual Jones matrices operation in both linear and circular polarization bases to extend the independent manipulation of the Jones matrix phase channels to a counter-intuitive and unprecedented number of six using a single-layer monoatomic metasurface. A modified three-step gradient descent algorithm is introduced to encode six holographic images, opening new avenues for optical wavefront manipulation.

Microwave-Optics Entanglement via Coupled Opto- and Magnomechanical Microspheres

  • Version of Record online: 31 December 2024
Microwave-Optics Entanglement via Coupled Opto- and Magnomechanical Microspheres

A new mechanism to generate microwave-optics entanglement is proposed using two coupled opto- and magnomechanical microspheres (a silica sphere and an yttrium-iron-garnet sphere) placed inside a microwave cavity. This is realized by activating the magnomechanical parametric down-conversion yielding the magnomechanical entanglement, which is eventually distributed to the microwave and optical cavities through the magnon-microwave, mechanics-mechanics, and optomechanical beamsplitter interactions.

High-Performance Chiral Mode Switching Devices Using Silicon Metamaterial Waveguides Beyond 1.55 µm

  • Version of Record online: 30 December 2024
High-Performance Chiral Mode Switching Devices Using Silicon Metamaterial Waveguides Beyond 1.55 µm

This study uses metamaterial waveguides to overcome wavelength-dependent mode mismatches, enabling ultra-broadband, high-purity chiral mode switching beyond 1.55 µm. Simulations spanning both the optical communication and 2 µm wavebands show near-unity transmission efficiency and high mode purity (> 98.8%) across a record 500 nm bandwidth. The work advances high-efficiency, high-purity chiral transmission devices in the near/mid-infrared, with promising prospects for EP-based applications.

Resonant Meta-Lens in the Visible

  • Version of Record online: 30 December 2024
Resonant Meta-Lens in the Visible

An all-dielectric resonant meta-lens based on the Fresnel zone plate design is developed to enable wavelength-selective focusing. It achieves reflective focusing at a resonant wavelength of 460 nm while allowing normal transmission at non-resonant wavelengths. Simulation (experimental) results indicate a high color purity of 90% (66%). Additionally, a multi-resonant meta-lens has been proposed to focus selectively on three colors.

Review

Recent Advances in Plasmonic Sensing Techniques for Exosome Detection and Composition Analysis

  • Version of Record online: 30 December 2024
Recent Advances in Plasmonic Sensing Techniques for Exosome Detection and Composition Analysis

A comprehensive summary of various plasmonic sensing techniques, focusing on both propagating SPR (PSPR) and localized SPR (LSPR) platforms is presented. Their characteristics, sensing performances, and practical applications in exosome capture and detection are demonstrated, including current challenges and future research directions in this field, offering insights into the potential of plasmonic sensing in biomedical research and clinical practice.

Research Article

Integrated Photonic Nonreciprocal Devices Based on Susceptibility-Programmable Medium

  • Version of Record online: 30 December 2024
Integrated Photonic Nonreciprocal Devices Based on Susceptibility-Programmable Medium

An optical medium is proposed with programmable susceptibility tensor based on polarizable atoms, enabling efficient control of the optical response in space and time. It highlights the potential for nonreciprocal optical effects and rapid, reconfigurable signal isolation in atom-cladded waveguides, offering significant advancements for integrated photonic devices and structured optics.

Review

Integrated Optical Spectrometers on Silicon Photonics Platforms

  • Version of Record online: 27 December 2024
Integrated Optical Spectrometers on Silicon Photonics Platforms

In this review article, diverse strategies are employed to enhance the performance of integrated optical spectrometers on silicon photonics platforms, revealing the underlying principles, diverse design methodologies, and spectral performances inherent in distinct device architectures. Building upon these insights, this review goes a step further to navigate the challenges these innovations face and the potential applications they unlock.

Research Article

Ultra-Low-Loss and Athermalized Lithium-Niobate-on-Insulator Photonic Chip for Next-Generation PONs

  • Version of Record online: 27 December 2024
Ultra-Low-Loss and Athermalized Lithium-Niobate-on-Insulator Photonic Chip for Next-Generation PONs

A high-capacity lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) optical transmitter for next-generation passive optical-networks (PONs) is proposed and demonstrated with ultra-low temperature-dependence for the first time by simultaneously introducing Z- and Y-propagation LNOI photonic waveguides. Here, the corresponding photonic filters are realized by integrating amplitude-apodized multimode waveguide gratings (MWGs) and mode (de)multiplexers designed with Z-propagation LNOI photonic waveguides, which are found to be with a low thermo-optic coefficient and thus enable the athermalization. Meanwhile, the high-speed optical modulators connected at the add ports of the photonic filters for the 1342/1577 nm channels are developed with Y-propagation LNOI photonic waveguides with the maximal electro-optic effect. For the fabricated on-chip optical transmitter, box-like spectral responses are achieved with ultra-low excess losses of < 0.5 dB and low inter-channel crosstalk of < −26 dB for all the channels whose bandwidths are respectively ∼16/20/4/15/5 nm as expected. The present LNOI photonic chip is nearly athermal in experiments, exhibiting very low temperature-dependence less than 8.7 pm °C−1 in the full wavelength range of >300 nm. Finally, high-capacity data transmissions of 50/100 Gbps on-off keying (OOK) signals and 100/200 Gbps PAM4 signals are demonstrated, providing a promising solution for next-generation PONs.

Variational Learning of Integrated Quantum Photonic Circuits via Genetic Algorithm

  • Version of Record online: 27 December 2024
Variational Learning of Integrated Quantum Photonic Circuits via Genetic Algorithm

This work presents a variational learning approach that integrates post-selection and fundamental photonic components to enable real-time optimization of chips tailored to specific tasks and simplifying complex circuits into single nonlinear operators. The design of a single ancilla CNOT gate and the first demonstration of quantum stochastic simulation using integrated photonics is achieved, showing great promise for quantum information processing.

Remarkable Energy Transfer Efficiency in Spatially Separated 2D Heterostructure via Establishing Entangled States by Bloch-Surface Plasmon Polariton

  • Version of Record online: 27 December 2024
Remarkable Energy Transfer Efficiency in Spatially Separated 2D Heterostructure via Establishing Entangled States by Bloch-Surface Plasmon Polariton

In the designed Ag nanoholes/WS2/SiO2/MoS2 heterostructures, A exciton of WS2 and spatially separated B exciton of MoS2 are entangled by the Bloch-surface plasmon polariton mode. Such entangled states assist in remarkably efficient energy transfer. This research can establish the scientific foundation for developing the related heterostructure optoelectronic devices.

Micro-Rotors on Frictional Solid Surfaces via Optothermally-Invoked Chirality

  • Version of Record online: 27 December 2024
Micro-Rotors on Frictional Solid Surfaces via Optothermally-Invoked Chirality

The article demonstrates the realization of microscopic rotors adhered on frictional solid surfaces using an all-optical approach. Through an opto-thermo-elastic coupled mechanism, a pulsed laser reshaped to possess an elongated Gaussian field injects chirality in optothermally excited elastic waves within the obliquely irradiated rotor, which in turn induces a frictional torque empowering the rotational motion of the rotor.

Far-Field and Near-Field Manipulation via Multipole Coupling Phenomenon in Van der Waals Metasurfaces

  • Version of Record online: 26 December 2024
Far-Field and Near-Field Manipulation via Multipole Coupling Phenomenon in Van der Waals Metasurfaces

Metasurfaces fabricated from van der Waals material make it possible to excite octupole quasi-trapped modes without violating the symmetry properties of the system and to observe narrowband features in light reflection spectrum for the metasurface accompanied by the strong localization of near-field energy in its plane.

High-Resolution Non-Line-of-Sight Tracking By Comb-Calibrated FMCW LiDAR

  • Version of Record online: 26 December 2024
High-Resolution Non-Line-of-Sight Tracking By Comb-Calibrated FMCW LiDAR

A real-time comb-calibrated FMCW LiDAR system is demonstrated for high-resolution NLOS tracking. A 3D positioning (and velocity) accuracy of 2 mm (and 2 mm s−1) and the capability to realize real-time multi-object tracking are demonstrated in experiment. Importantly, the FMCW-LiDAR approach can obtain the position and velocity of multiple objects in a snapshot, thus resolving the problems of measurement origin uncertainty, false alarm, and detection overlap.

All-Dielectric Meta-Microlens-Array Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

  • Version of Record online: 24 December 2024
All-Dielectric Meta-Microlens-Array Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

A meta-microlens array (meta-MLA) confocal microscope is presented that enhances fluorescence imaging speed without replacing existing scanning devices. The use of ultra-compact metasurface enables rapid image acquisition and reduces photo-bleaching. Image clarity comparable to traditional systems is maintained by integrating deep learning and deconvolution methods. The approach is versatile and compatible with current biomedical imaging applications.

Multifunctional Metalens for Trapping and Characterizing Single Atoms

  • Version of Record online: 24 December 2024
Multifunctional Metalens for Trapping and Characterizing Single Atoms

A multifunctional metalens that integrates an achromatic lens with large numerical aperture is demonstrated, a quarter-wave plate, and a polarizer for trapping and characterizing single Rubidium atoms. The metalens can simultaneously focus a trapping beam at 852 nm and collect single-photon fluorescence at 780 nm.

Unconventional Photo-Control of Structural Features Using Elliptically Polarized Light

  • Version of Record online: 24 December 2024
Unconventional Photo-Control of Structural Features Using Elliptically Polarized Light

An ellipticity-controlled spatially multiplexed surface modulation is demonstrated using orthogonal elliptically polarized beams. This technique enables slightly distorted unique structural features, offering enhanced spatial control over azopolymer migration and consequently diffracted light. This advancement enables the fabrication of complex structures like Fourier Optical Elements and Photonic Crystals.

3D Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing Holography with Metasurfaces: Encryption and Dynamic Display of 3D Multi-Targets

  • Version of Record online: 23 December 2024
3D Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing Holography with Metasurfaces: Encryption and Dynamic Display of 3D Multi-Targets

So far, multiplexing holographic technology of 3D multi-targets is still a blank. Here, the conception of 3D orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing holography is proposed. Holographic encryption and dynamic display for 3D multi-targets are realized experimentally for the first time with metasurface. This breaks the restriction that only 2D images can be encrypted in traditional holographic encryption.

A Strong Red-Emitting Phosphor-in-BASK-Glass through Spark Plasma Sintering: Insights into the Role of Interfacial Reaction on PL Efficiencies

  • Version of Record online: 23 December 2024
A Strong Red-Emitting Phosphor-in-BASK-Glass through Spark Plasma Sintering: Insights into the Role of Interfacial Reaction on PL Efficiencies

Red-emitting phosphor-in-glass (Red-PiG) color converters are essential for high-power light-emitting diode and laser lighting applications, but face challenges due to degradation and interfacial reactions. This study demonstrates how spark plasma sintering effectively mitigates these issues, optimizing interfacial morphology to achieve a borosilicate-based PiG with a luminous flux of 248 lm and efficiency of 173 lm W−1, setting new performance benchmarks.

Dion-Jacobson Phase Mn2+-Doped Perovskite Scintillators for High-Resolution X-Ray Imaging

  • Version of Record online: 23 December 2024
Dion-Jacobson Phase Mn2+-Doped Perovskite Scintillators for High-Resolution X-Ray Imaging

A new DJ-phase Mn2+-doped perovskite scintillator with extremely fascinating merits of high light-yield, low detection limit, and super stability, is presented which holds a promise for the high-resolution X-ray imaging.

All-Optical Coherent Control of Ultrafast Injection Photocurrent in Multilayer Rhenium Disulfide Under Two-Color Light Excitation

  • Version of Record online: 23 December 2024
All-Optical Coherent Control of Ultrafast Injection Photocurrent in Multilayer Rhenium Disulfide Under Two-Color Light Excitation

The coherent ultrafast injection photocurrent by quantum interference in low-dimensional semiconductors can be veiled by other linear or nonlinear optical effects. A method is proposed to isolate the pure injection photocurrent from optical responses of multilayer rhenium disulfide (ReS2), based on the terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy under two-color light excitation. This work promotes the ultrafast quantum coherent control for solids.

Hybrid Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Micro-Ring Acousto-Optic Modulator with Low Half-Wave-Voltage-Length Product

  • Version of Record online: 23 December 2024
Hybrid Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Micro-Ring Acousto-Optic Modulator with Low Half-Wave-Voltage-Length Product

A hybrid thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) micro-ring acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is demonstrated. In the experiments, the double-arm micro-ring acousto-optic modulation is confirmed in a non-suspended chalcogenide (ChG)-loaded TFLN waveguide platform. The half-wave-voltage-length product VπL of the hybrid micro-ring AOM is as small as 9 mV cm. Highly efficient micro-ring acousto-optic modulation thus provides new opportunities for expanding TFLN-ChG hybrid piezo-optomechanical devices.

Open Access

QCL-Based Cryogen-Free THz Optical Wireless Communication Link

  • Version of Record online: 23 December 2024
QCL-Based Cryogen-Free THz Optical Wireless Communication Link

A novel QCL-based, cryogen-free, and transportable wireless communication system is presented operating at 2.83 THz. The QCL device is mounted in a compact Stirling refrigerator, while a room-temperature graphene-based FET is used as a receiver, implementing a binary on-off keying (OOK) modulation scheme with Manchester encoding. Precise communication tests are performed and propose a propagation model to extrapolate the performances of an optimized configuration.

Guided-Mode Resonance Polarization-Sensitive Narrowband InGaAs Photodetector

  • Version of Record online: 23 December 2024
Guided-Mode Resonance Polarization-Sensitive Narrowband InGaAs Photodetector

A polarization-sensitive narrowband InGaAs photodetector (PD) operating in the short-wave infrared range is proposed, capable of capturing wavelength, intensity, and polarization data concurrently without additional optical components. The device is formed by integrating an InGaAs PD onto a silicon grating, utilizing the guided-mode resonance effect to amplify absorption at specific target wavelengths, which is different for TE and TM polarized light.

D-Band MUTC Photodiode Module for Ultra-Wideband 160 Gbps Photonics-Assisted Fiber-THz Integrated Communication System

  • Version of Record online: 23 December 2024
D-Band MUTC Photodiode Module for Ultra-Wideband 160 Gbps Photonics-Assisted Fiber-THz Integrated Communication System

This article introduces a high-performance MUTC-PD module with WR-6 waveguide output for photonics-assisted fiber-THz wireless communications. With flat PD chip response, low-loss transition circuits as well as optimized packaging process, the module achieves ultra-wideband and high-speed performance, supporting data rates up to 160 Gbps with 16 QAM, showcasing its potential for next-generation, high-speed communication systems.

Open Access

A New Thermodynamic Approach to Multimode Fiber Self-cleaning and Soliton Condensation

  • Version of Record online: 21 December 2024
A New Thermodynamic Approach to Multimode Fiber Self-cleaning and Soliton Condensation

A new thermodynamic theory for optical multimode systems is presented, based on a weighted Bose–Einstein law (wBE) and including a state equation, fundamental equation for the entropy and an accuracy metric. An experimental comparison of two propagation regimes of a multimode optical fiber is carried out in terms of wBE, namely the self-cleaning in the normal chromatic dispersion region of the fiber, and the soliton condensation in the anomalous dispersion region. Surprising similarities are found in terms of thermodynamic parameters such as the optical temperature, chemical potential, Boltzmann and Shannon entropy.

Open Access

Exceptional-Point-Enhanced Superior Sensing Using Asymmetric Coupled-Lossy-Resonator Based Optical Metasurface

  • Version of Record online: 20 December 2024
Exceptional-Point-Enhanced Superior Sensing Using Asymmetric Coupled-Lossy-Resonator Based Optical Metasurface

The manuscript entitled “Exceptional-point-enhanced superior sensing using asymmetric coupled-lossy-resonator based optical metasurface” by Nag Chowdhury et al presents a novel scheme for exceptional-point based quantum-enhanced-sensing using non-Hermitian asymmetric coupled-lossy-resonators, experimentally demonstrating the detection of recombinant spike-proteins of SARS-CoV-2-Omicron-strain with 〉2200% enhancement. The work provides a new perspective in high-sensitivity disease detection and monitoring with broad implications in biomedical-instrumentation and quantum-sensing.

Fiber Tip Empowered by Axial-Asymmetric Four-Sector Nanostructure for Broad-Angle Light Coupling

  • Version of Record online: 18 December 2024
Fiber Tip Empowered by Axial-Asymmetric Four-Sector Nanostructure for Broad-Angle Light Coupling

An Illustration of hybrid-grating-empowered fiber incoupling across wide-angle intervals, achieved through a four-sector nanostructure located on the fiber end face.

Realization of a Chiral Topological Whispering-Gallery-Mode Cavity in Gyromagnetic Photonic Crystals

  • Version of Record online: 18 December 2024
Realization of a Chiral Topological Whispering-Gallery-Mode Cavity in Gyromagnetic Photonic Crystals

The work reports the first experimental realization of a tunable chiral topological whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) cavity in gyromagnetic photonic crystals with time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking. The study experimentally demonstrates that the chiral topological WGM cavities exhibit superior robustness, and the resonance frequencies and free spectral range (FSR) of the cavities can be tuned at will by inserting a metallic scatterer with different lengths.

Flow-Based Electromagnetic Information Recovery for Inaccessible Area and Low-Resolution Detection

  • Version of Record online: 18 December 2024
Flow-Based Electromagnetic Information Recovery for Inaccessible Area and Low-Resolution Detection

Sculpting electromagnetic (EM) waves to convey information is a mainstream paradigm in EM and optics applications. A flow model is proposed to explicitly calculate the conditional distribution between partially accessible EM information and comprehensive EM information, transcending the limits of conventional paradigms. This approach enables the restoration of detected EM field under diverse occlusion scenarios, without necessitating elaborate equipment.

Photon-Efficient, Hybrid Illumination for High-Throughput Fourier Ptychographic Phase Microscopy Using Lenslet-Integrated LED Illuminator

  • Version of Record online: 18 December 2024
Photon-Efficient, Hybrid Illumination for High-Throughput Fourier Ptychographic Phase Microscopy Using Lenslet-Integrated LED Illuminator

A novel high-throughput, stitching-free FPM strategy that combines a photon-efficient, lenslet-array-integrated LED illuminator with a hybrid multiplexed illumination scheme is introduced. The illuminator provides vignette-free, high-intensity illumination, dramatically reducing DF acquisition time to a few milliseconds and eliminating vignetting-induced artifacts. Meanwhile, the illumination multiplexing scheme significantly reduces the number of measurements, achieving a 0.51-NA resolution across a field of view of 4.1 mm2.

Random Holography: Generating EPR-Like Correlation with Thermal Photons

  • Version of Record online: 18 December 2024
Random Holography: Generating EPR-Like Correlation with Thermal Photons

In this study, pairwise thermal photons, generated in the proposed random holography (RH), can exhibit both Hanbury–Brown–Twiss (HBT)-type and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR)-like correlations. The experiments have demonstrated the standard EPR inequalities for position-momentum and angular position-momentum after subtracting the intensity background. The study will refresh the understanding of photon correlation and provide a simple bi-correlation light source for diverse quantum-mimic applications.

Monolithically Integrated Ultra-Low Threshold GeSn-on-Insulator Laser Using Rapid Melting Growth

  • Version of Record online: 18 December 2024
Monolithically Integrated Ultra-Low Threshold GeSn-on-Insulator Laser Using Rapid Melting Growth

The ultra-low threshold GeSnOI laser is demonstrated using a defect-free and tensile-strained GeSn layer grown by the RMG method. Ultra-low threshold of 0.52 kW cm−2 at 10 K is achieved. The RMG method can allow obtaining truly monolithic, high-performance on-chip lasers with ideal GeSn gain media, potentially completing the missing piece of the monolithically integrated Si photonics platform.

Colorful Narrow-Band Organic Polariton Light-emitting Diodes Based on a Single Emitter

  • Version of Record online: 18 December 2024
Colorful Narrow-Band Organic Polariton Light-emitting Diodes Based on a Single Emitter

Polariton OLEDs, consisting of organic material integrated into a microcavity, offer several advantages. These include a low turn-on voltage, the ability to emit in six distinct narrowband colors covering blue to red, angle-independent emission, and robustness at current densities up to 118 A cm−2.

Orthogonal-Based Reconfigurable Light-Controlled Metasurface for Multichannel Amplitude-Modulation Communication

  • Version of Record online: 16 December 2024
Orthogonal-Based Reconfigurable Light-Controlled Metasurface for Multichannel Amplitude-Modulation Communication

Through controlling the luminous intensity of LED array beads in horizontal and vertical directions, the photoresistor value can be adjusted. Based on this characteristic, the designed metasurface can synthesize different polarized waves under x-polarized and y-polarized waves simultaneous incidence. Meanwhile, it can also realize multi-polarization amplitude modulations for information transmission under different polarized waves incidence.

2D/Quasi-2D/3D CsPbIxBr3–x Vertical Heterostructures for High-Performance Infrared-Blind Visible-Light Photodetectors Toward Imaging Application

  • Version of Record online: 16 December 2024
2D/Quasi-2D/3D CsPbIxBr3–x Vertical Heterostructures for High-Performance Infrared-Blind Visible-Light Photodetectors Toward Imaging Application

A facile and universal strategy to construct 2D/quasi-2D/3D CsPbIxBr3–x heterostructures is proposed through the two-step phenylethylammonium bromide sequential surface treatment. The heterostructure contributes to high-performance infrared-blind visible-light photodetectors with recorded external quantum efficiency, high linear dynamic range, and fast response speed. It stimulates high-quality visible-light detection in image sensors, biomimetic eyes, and underwater wireless light communication.

Open Access

Explicit Symmetry Breaking of Generalized Angular Momentum by Second-Harmonic Generation in Underdense Plasmas

  • Version of Record online: 16 December 2024
Explicit Symmetry Breaking of Generalized Angular Momentum by Second-Harmonic Generation in Underdense Plasmas

The conservation law of the generalized angular momentum (GAM) of light is investigated through second-harmonic generation in inhomogeneous plasmas. The study reveals that the symmetry and topological properties of the GAM state are broken with such a nonlinear process that relies on quadrupolar interaction. Importantly, this symmetry breaking offers a readily detectable signature of the topology of the driving field.

Transparent Composite for Cooperative Near-infrared and X-ray Imaging

  • Version of Record online: 16 December 2024
Transparent Composite for Cooperative Near-infrared and X-ray Imaging

The highly transparent glass composite activated with Cr3+ is fabricated via controllable nanocrystallization. It exhibits tunable photoluminescence and radioluminescence response in the NIR region, with excellent external quantum efficiency and robust thermal quenching resistance. Benefiting from these distinctive features, further the cooperative imaging system is constructed and the simultaneous visualization of bone and blood is successfully demonstrated.

The Scintillating Dynamics of Self-Trapped Exciton Endowed/Unendowed by Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence

  • Version of Record online: 14 December 2024
The Scintillating Dynamics of Self-Trapped Exciton Endowed/Unendowed by Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence

The introduction of m-MTDATA, a polyaromatic hydrocarbon, into Cs2ZrCl6 could increase the trap depths, leading to an energy-transfer process with the shallow STE states restrained, avoiding the TADF mechanism.

Unique Spectral Broadening Induced by Exchange Coupling Between Cr3+ Ions in LiAl5O8:Cr3+ Phosphors for Versatile Optical Applications

  • Version of Record online: 14 December 2024
Unique Spectral Broadening Induced by Exchange Coupling Between Cr3+ Ions in LiAl5O8:Cr3+ Phosphors for Versatile Optical Applications

The work presents a strategy for precise control of the exchange coupling between Cr3+ ions in LiAl5O8: Cr3+ phosphor. By combining crystal field engineering and heavy doping, the NIR emission shifts from narrowband emission of isolated Cr3+ to unusual broadband emission of Cr3+-Cr3+ aggregation, which provides new insights for NIR phosphors in NIR pc-LEDs and optical thermometry applications.

Orbital Angular Momentum of Structured Vortex Beams Induced by Intensity Singularity

  • Version of Record online: 13 December 2024
Orbital Angular Momentum of Structured Vortex Beams Induced by Intensity Singularity

An effective scheme for generating structured vortex beams and orbital angular momentum from the viewpoint of intensity singularity is developed. Such structured beams exhibit intensity gradient and phase gradient. This approach possesses the advantages of simplicity, versatility, and intuition, and allows to precisely controlling the beam trajectory, intensity, and phase distribution.

Hydrogen-Sensitive Inks with 4D Printing of a Fiber-Tip Hydrogen Microsensor

  • Version of Record online: 12 December 2024
Hydrogen-Sensitive Inks with 4D Printing of a Fiber-Tip Hydrogen Microsensor

An H2-sensitive photoresist, doped with palladium nanoparticles, has been developed for laser direct writing of MEMS H2 sensors. This work demonstrates that, by preparing an ultra-compact fiber-tip clamped-beam microsensor for rapid and sensitive H2 detection. Such strategy provides a solution for achieving on-chip direct laser writing of integrated H2 microsensors.

Designing a Heteroleptic Tetrahedral Group with an Ultrahigh Polarizability Anisotropy by Optimizing the Bonding Electrons Activity and Their Distribution

  • Version of Record online: 12 December 2024
Designing a Heteroleptic Tetrahedral Group with an Ultrahigh Polarizability Anisotropy by Optimizing the Bonding Electrons Activity and Their Distribution

The introduction of heteroanions into tetrahedral groups can induce a high polarizability anisotropy, originating from the optimization of the bonding electrons activity and their distribution. Then, an elegant hetero-two-site heteroleptic tetrahedron [SO2NH2Cl] with a high polarizability anisotropy is designed, which adequately confirms the ideas in theoretical and experimental results.

Programmable Metamaterial for In-Plane Electromagnetic Wave Control in the Microwave Range

  • Version of Record online: 12 December 2024
Programmable Metamaterial for In-Plane Electromagnetic Wave Control in the Microwave Range

A programmable metamaterial is exhibited, which provides a new platform for reprogrammable in-plane wave control and manipulation. The proposed metamaterial is promising in realizing multi-functional wave operators, integrable computing, and deep learning devices.

Decoupling the Conductivity–Fluorescence Tradeoff of SnO2 Nanocrystals for Efficient and Stable Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes

  • Version of Record online: 11 December 2024
Decoupling the Conductivity–Fluorescence Tradeoff of SnO2 Nanocrystals for Efficient and Stable Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes

SnO2 nanocrystals offer a promising alternative as an electron-transporting material, potentially addressing the stability issues of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) caused by ZnO. This study explores the effects of low-level Sb doping in SnO2 and introduces a gradient doping strategy for decoupling the fluorescence-conductivity tradeoff, setting a new benchmark for the performance of ZnO-free QLEDs.

Wavelength Decoupling Based on Minimalist Metasurfaces Enabling Bicolor Display and Information Encryption

  • Version of Record online: 11 December 2024
Wavelength Decoupling Based on Minimalist Metasurfaces Enabling Bicolor Display and Information Encryption

Minimalist metasurfaces characterized by a single-celled configuration, composed of only two types of nanobricks are propsed. The design exhibits versatility, enabling wavelength decoupling for both co-polarization and cross-polarization incidence. Additionally, by integrating the metasurface with liquid crystal devices, efficient information encryption can be achieved, demonstrating broad potential applications in optical data storage, image display, and information security.

Review

Integrated Optical Tunable Delay Line and Microwave Photonic Beamforming Chip: A Review

  • Version of Record online: 10 December 2024
Integrated Optical Tunable Delay Line and Microwave Photonic Beamforming Chip: A Review

This paper provides an extensive review of integrated optical tunable delay lines (OTDLs) and microwave photonic (MWP) beamforming chips. It covers classification, principles, calibration, control technologies, and system verification, highlighting the challenges faced in real-world applications and outlining future development directions.

Research Article

Exciton Thermodynamics in Pure Diamond

  • Version of Record online: 10 December 2024
Exciton Thermodynamics in Pure Diamond

Introducing external excitation power reveals the interrelated thermodynamic properties of exciton, electron–hole plasma, and electron–hole droplet in diamond. This work presents a novel method to study luminescent thermodynamics in indirect-bandgap semiconductors, integrating power and temperature dimensions for a deeper understanding of their luminescent behavior.

Computational Imaging Encryption with Steganography and Lanthanide Luminescent Materials

  • Version of Record online: 09 December 2024
Computational Imaging Encryption with Steganography and Lanthanide Luminescent Materials

A universal computational imaging fluorescent encryption framework is achieved by combining advanced lanthanide luminescent material, improved single-pixel encryption, and digital steganography. This scheme can efficiently and flexibly achieve three-level encryption of various images and convenient image acquisition by a camera, demonstrating the highly invulnerable and flexible computational fluorescent encryption and decryption application for lanthanide luminescent material.

Deterministic Parity-Time Symmetry Single-Mode Oscillation in Filterless Multimode Resonators

  • Version of Record online: 09 December 2024
Deterministic Parity-Time Symmetry Single-Mode Oscillation in Filterless Multimode Resonators

Deterministic single-mode oscillation in a PT-symmetric multimode resonator is achieved through saturable absorption and one-shot injection, without the need for any filter. A PT-OEO demonstrates oscillation at desired frequencies from 1.8 to 9 GHz, with ultra-low phase noise at −158.6 dBc Hz−1@10 kHz, significantly enhancing signal quality and performance without complex frequency tuning structures.

Mid-Infrared on-Chip Soliton Self-frequency Shift in Chalcogenide Glass Waveguide

  • Version of Record online: 09 December 2024
Mid-Infrared on-Chip Soliton Self-frequency Shift in Chalcogenide Glass Waveguide

The first on-chip mid-infrared Raman soliton laser using GeSbSe waveguides is reported. The device achieves continuous tunability from 1960 to 2145 nm and generates a broad supercontinuum spanning over one octave, demonstrating its potential for spectroscopy, metrology, and quantum optics.

Perovskite Video Camera

  • Version of Record online: 09 December 2024
Perovskite Video Camera

Combining a high-performance perovskite photodetector with a computational imaging algorithm, a perovskite video camera has been developed that can demonstrate video imaging of moving objects at a frame rate of 25 frames per second. In addition, the 1024×1024 pixel imaging captured by the perovskite camera shows the highest pixels in previous state-of-the-art perovskite imaging reports.

Lattice-Matched BaClF/CsPbBr3 Heterostructure with Enhanced and Stable Cyan Emission to Overcome Blue Overshoot and Cyan Gap of White Light-Emitting Diodes

  • Version of Record online: 09 December 2024
Lattice-Matched BaClF/CsPbBr3 Heterostructure with Enhanced and Stable Cyan Emission to Overcome Blue Overshoot and Cyan Gap of White Light-Emitting Diodes

High brightness and ultra-stable cyan-emitting BaClF/CsPbBr3 perovskite heterostructures are successfully prepared using a lattice matching strategy, which effectively overcomes the blue overshoot and cyan gap issues in white light-emitting (WLED), thereby increasing the color rendering index (CRI) from 70.1 to 86.2 and boosting the luminous efficiency from 21.3 to 87.8 lmW−1.

Ultra-Large Bandwidth and Ultra-High Sensitivity Germanium/Silicon Avalanche Photodiode

  • Version of Record online: 09 December 2024
Ultra-Large Bandwidth and Ultra-High Sensitivity Germanium/Silicon Avalanche Photodiode

This work demonstrates a germanium/silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) with a record-large bandwidth of 67 GHz, enabling data reception of 240 Gb s−1 signal—the highest single-channel bitrate among all reported APDs. This breakthrough is achieved by implementing an extremely narrow multiplication layer to enhance the space charge effect. This work paves the way for high-speed and high-sensitivity optical interconnection.

Disentangling Structural Domains in Solution-Processed 2D Lead Halide Perovskite by Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

  • Version of Record online: 09 December 2024
Disentangling Structural Domains in Solution-Processed 2D Lead Halide Perovskite by Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

The study demonstrates that there are two structural domains exist in the <n> = 1 and 2 films. As the number of inorganic layers number increases, the energy level difference between the two domains gets smaller. Thus, they predict the coexistence of the two domains in <n> = 3 and 4 films.

Review

Advances and Challenges of Single-Pixel Imaging Based on Deep Learning

  • Version of Record online: 09 December 2024
Advances and Challenges of Single-Pixel Imaging Based on Deep Learning

An overview of the latest advancements in deep learning technologies in single-pixel imaging is provided. The fundamental principles of single-pixel imaging and deep learning are initially presented. Subsequently, a comprehensive review is conducted on the advancements of deep learning in various domains of single-pixel imaging. Finally, open challenges and potential solutions are discussed.

Research Article

Nanostructured Gold Interlayer-Enhanced Self-Powered Photodetectors for Visible and Long-Wave Infrared Dual-Band Applications

  • Version of Record online: 09 December 2024
Nanostructured Gold Interlayer-Enhanced Self-Powered Photodetectors for Visible and Long-Wave Infrared Dual-Band Applications

Inserting nanostructured gold into the interface between the silicon substrate and pyroelectric semiconductor produces several benefits, including light trapping, dark current suppression, enhancement of the intrinsic built-in electric field, and intensification of spontaneous polarization. The resulting p-Si/nanostructured Au/CdS detectors demonstrate high-performance responses to visible and long-wave infrared dual-band without external bias, achieving dual functionality for visible light communication and passive human recognition.

Scalability of Ultralow-Loss Calibration-Free Silicon Photonic Mach-Zehnder Switches

  • Version of Record online: 07 December 2024
Scalability of Ultralow-Loss Calibration-Free Silicon Photonic Mach-Zehnder Switches

This Monte Carlo analysis suggests that the considerable random phase imbalance of the switch elements is the dominant fundamental obstacle for scaling up MZS. Therefore, calibration-free MZSs are crucial for scaling up. Also, the scalability of the Benes topology is projected and concludes that it is promising to realize large-scale, low-excess-loss, calibration-free N × N photonic switches (e.g., N ≥ 64) based on the proposed MZS.

Open Access

Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupled Photonic Lattice in a Liquid Crystal Microcavity

  • Version of Record online: 07 December 2024
Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupled Photonic Lattice in a Liquid Crystal Microcavity

A tunable 1D photonic crystal is created with strong polarization dependence by embedding a uniform lying helix in a planar microcavity. Voltage-controlled orientation of liquid crystal molecules alters photonic bandgaps and induces spin-orbit coupling, that can be treated as a non-Abelian gauge potential. Doping with dyes enables tunable dual- and circularly- polarized lasing.

Ultrathin, Wavelength-Multiplexed and Integrated Holograms and Optical Neural Networks Based on 2D Perovskite Nanofilms

  • Version of Record online: 06 December 2024
Ultrathin, Wavelength-Multiplexed and Integrated Holograms and Optical Neural Networks Based on 2D Perovskite Nanofilms

A feasible and promising strategy is developed for achieving highly integrated wavelength-multiplexed diffractive devices. The thickness of the diffractive layer can be decreased to sub-ten nanometers under the condition of pronounced amplitude modulation, and wavelength-multiplexed holograms and optical neural networks with low cross-talks can be realized using selective absorption of 2D perovskites, getting rid of the usage of complex optical structures or filters.

Custom-Shapable and Reusable Thermoplastic Manganese Halide Scintillation Glass for Curved X-Ray Imaging

  • Version of Record online: 05 December 2024
Custom-Shapable and Reusable Thermoplastic Manganese Halide Scintillation Glass for Curved X-Ray Imaging

A highly transparent and custom-shapable thermoplastic manganese halide scintillation glass is reported by using a facile melt-quenching approach. With the tailored thermoplasticity, the glass is entailed with great adaptability and reusability, which can be molded multiple times to conform to different matters with diverse geometries, achieving consistent high-resolution curved X-ray imaging.

Defects in Ligand-Exchange-Passivated Mixed-Halide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals for X-ray Imaging

  • Version of Record online: 05 December 2024
Defects in Ligand-Exchange-Passivated Mixed-Halide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals for X-ray Imaging

A simple and efficient method is developed, incorporating anion and ligand exchange processes to passivate surface defects and hinder ion migration. This significantly enhances optical and radioluminescence properties of double perovskite nanocrystals. The combination of negligible self-absorption and exceptional X-ray absorption capabilities facilitates an outstanding light yield of ≈20 952 photons MeV−1, a high spatial resolution of 8.1 lp mm−1, and a low detection limit of 207.5 nGyair s−1.

Ultrabroadband Light Coupling for Integrated Photonics via Nonadiabatic Pumping

  • Version of Record online: 05 December 2024
Ultrabroadband Light Coupling for Integrated Photonics via Nonadiabatic Pumping

A strategy based on nonadiabatic pumping is proposed to realize ultrabroadband light coupling for integrated photonics, which is experimentally demonstrated in thin-film lithium niobate platform. The devices exhibit a 1 dB bandwidth of ≈320 nm, with a coupling length of ≈55 µm. The strategy enables to construct multiple-level cascaded networks for broadband optical interconnections on chip.

Power Clamping in Second Harmonic Generation Within an On-Chip Lithium Niobate Microdisk

  • Version of Record online: 05 December 2024
Power Clamping in Second Harmonic Generation Within an On-Chip Lithium Niobate Microdisk

The physical mechanism behind the efficient and powerful power clamping in second harmonic generation is revealed and analyzed. Experimentally, the two distinct power clamping points including the high normalized conversion efficiency of ≈38% mW−1 and the high output power of ≈1.2 mW are separately observed, respectively, consistent with the theoretical model.

Ultrafast Room-Temperature Synthesis of Yb3+/Er3+ Codoped K3ZrF7 Nanocrystals for Thermal Enhancement of Upconversion

  • Version of Record online: 04 December 2024
Ultrafast Room-Temperature Synthesis of Yb3+/Er3+ Codoped K3ZrF7 Nanocrystals for Thermal Enhancement of Upconversion

Ultrafast room-temperature synthesis of K3ZrF7:Yb/Er nanocrystals is reported for the first time. These nanocrystals exhibit superior upconversion luminescence to both their high-temperature-synthesized counterparts and the extensively studied NaBiF4:Yb/Er nanocrystals. The K3ZrF7:Yb/Er nanocrystals display thermal enhancement of upconversion over a temperature range from room temperature to 473 K, which can serve as supersensitive nanothermometer for ratiometric temperature sensing.

Correlating Double-Cone Polariton Dynamics with Local Femtosecond Laser Modifications in Ultrashort-Pulse-Stimulated Crystals

  • Version of Record online: 04 December 2024
Correlating Double-Cone Polariton Dynamics with Local Femtosecond Laser Modifications in Ultrashort-Pulse-Stimulated Crystals

Double-cone emission processes involving of Cherenkov-type phonon polaritons (PhPs) and plasmon-PhPs in ultrashort-pulse-stimulated ferroelectric crystals and graphene are revealed by ultrafast spectroscopy. Transient signals of PhPs can be correlated with femtosecond-laser-induced modifications inside ferroelectric lithium niobates, achieving a PhP threshold criterion for ultrasmooth femtosecond laser nanofabrication. It gives insights into quantum correlations between cone-shape electron wave packets and quantized polaritons.

Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum on Dislocated Bilayer Metal Gratings for Spatiotemporal Vortex Pulse Generation

  • Version of Record online: 04 December 2024
Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum on Dislocated Bilayer Metal Gratings for Spatiotemporal Vortex Pulse Generation

This work presents a metasurface method using dislocated two sub-layer gratings to efficiently generate spatiotemporal vortex pulses (STVPs) with transverse orbital angular momentum. This technique exploits quasi-BIC modes, demonstrating experimental validation at microwaves. Furthermore, the method's potential for expansion into the optical range and its capability to generate high-order STVPs through cascading methods are discussed.

High Purcell Factor Driven by Simultaneous Bianisotropy and Anapole State in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces

  • Version of Record online: 03 December 2024
High Purcell Factor Driven by Simultaneous Bianisotropy and Anapole State in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces

The partially slotted dielectric metasurface demonstrates the coexistence of bianisotropy and the anapole state, enhancing both electric and magnetic Purcell factors. This synergy paves the way for novel photonic devices with improved performance, advancing applications in light-matter interactions and optical engineering.

Photostimulated Ultraviolet Luminescence for Anti-Counterfeiting in Daylight Conditions

  • Version of Record online: 03 December 2024
Photostimulated Ultraviolet Luminescence for Anti-Counterfeiting in Daylight Conditions

Photostimulated luminescence in the ultraviolet (PSL-UV) offers a fresh and effective solution to combating counterfeiting in bright daylight. For instance, NaYF4:Gd3+ phosphor can absorb X-ray energy and subsequently emit UV light when exposed to visible environmental light, demonstrating the exceptional durability and reusability of PSL-UV technology. This approach has the potential to greatly improve security measures across multiple industries.

Highly Efficient Novel Garnet-Structured Yellow Emitting Phosphor for High Power Laser-Driven Lighting

  • Version of Record online: 02 December 2024
Highly Efficient Novel Garnet-Structured Yellow Emitting Phosphor for High Power Laser-Driven Lighting

A novel yellow-emitting phosphor, BaLu2(Mg0.6Al2.8Si1.6)O12:Ce3+, demonstrates a high external quantum efficiency of 66.2%. Integrated into a phosphor wheel, it achieves 3894 lm output with no saturation under high-intensity blue laser excitation, showcasing significant potential for high-power laser-driven lighting applications.

Open Access

Anapole Plasmonic Meta-Atoms for Nearly Transparent Metamaterials

  • Version of Record online: 30 November 2024
Anapole Plasmonic Meta-Atoms for Nearly Transparent Metamaterials

The work discusses anapole states in plasmonic nanostructures, which combine the seemingly contradictory properties of strong near-field enhancement with minimal scattering. It explores whether a single planar plasmonic nanostructure can exhibit such properties and serve as a meta-atom for metamaterials. The study presents compact designs that demonstrate this potential, uses multipole decomposition techniques to explain the anapole formation, and demonstrates its applications for nearly transparent metamaterials and tunable nanophotonics.

Review

Two-Dimensional Spiral: A Promising Moiré Superlattice

  • Version of Record online: 30 November 2024
Two-Dimensional Spiral: A Promising Moiré Superlattice

A direct synthesis of spiral moiré superlattices (SMSs) from chemical vapor deposition method can be realized, which is attributed to the combination of the screw dislocation-driven growth mechanism and the Euclidean or non-Euclidean substrates. It is possible that completely novel physical properties can be discovered in SMSs and eventually realize industrial applications.

Research Article

Three-Photon Upconversion Luminescence of Gd2O2S: Ho3+, Er3+ for High-Sensitivity FIR Thermometer and Multimode Anti-Counterfeiting

  • Version of Record online: 30 November 2024
Three-Photon Upconversion Luminescence of Gd2O2S: Ho3+, Er3+ for High-Sensitivity FIR Thermometer and Multimode Anti-Counterfeiting

Based on the three-photon upconversion and energy transfer process, the tunable green-red upconversion luminescence can be realized in Ho3+ and Er3+ co-doped Gd2O2S under the excitation of 1550 nm laser. This multifunctional phosphor can be well applied in various fields such as high-sensitivity (Sr ≈ 2.46% K−1@170 K) fluorescence intensity ratio thermometers, multimode anti-counterfeiting (triple light response), and information encryption.

Efficient Cryogenic Nonlinear Conversion Processes in Periodically-Poled Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Waveguides

  • Version of Record online: 30 November 2024
Efficient Cryogenic Nonlinear Conversion Processes in Periodically-Poled Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Waveguides

This work provides the first investigation of nonlinear conversion processes in periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate waveguides at cryogenic conditions (7 K). High conversion efficiency at both cryogenic and room temperatures for both classical second-harmonic generation and quantum photon-pair generation processes are experimentally demonstrated. These results facilitate the development of cryogenic nonlinear applications with lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits.

Review

Janus 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Research Progress, Optical Mechanism and Future Prospects for Optoelectronic Devices

  • Version of Record online: 30 November 2024
Janus 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Research Progress, Optical Mechanism and Future Prospects for Optoelectronic Devices

This review discusses the latest advancements in Janus two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) including their van der