An efficient tomography framework for high-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement is proposed, using convolutional neural networks. This method requires only two measurements to rapidly reconstruct the density matrix, even for mixed entangled states and incomplete tomographic scenarios. This approach demonstrates high fidelity and fast data processing, significantly enhancing the measurement efficiency for high-dimensional OAM entangled states.

This study incorporates internal photoemission and holes trapping mechanisms to enhance the performance of Si/Se_0.3Te_0.7 heterojunction photodetectors, focusing on sensitivity and speed. The photodetector shows a 10000% improved responsivity at 1310 and 1550 nm, and a response time of ≈20 µs over a wide spectral range which represents a 100-fold reduction compared to devices lacking these mechanisms.

The SSPM ring formation dynamics of MoP microparticles are investigated, their nonlinear refractive index and ring formation time are characterized, and the formation mechanism of self-diffraction rings is analyzed. Additionally, by utilizing the superior nonlinear optical response of MoP microparticles, the spatially asymmetric optical propagation of MoP/violet phosphorus (VP) cascaded samples and the all-optical switching performance of MoP microparticles are demonstrated, respectively.

The continuous variation and counterintuitive sign reversal of circular dichroism are achieved by manipulating the collective interference of plasmonic guided mode resonances within diatomic metasurfaces, providing a straightforward approach for manipulating circular dichroism without modifying the geometric chirality. Experimental demonstration showcases its potential applications in chiral optical encryption.

With the assistance of NH₄SCN for slow crystallization and grain engineering, high-quality PEA₂SnI₄-based perovskites are produced that generate pure red LEDs with 8285 cd m⁻² of luminance, the highest luminance among all pure red tin-based PeLEDs and fully meet outdoor display requirements.

Irreversible enhancement of self-trapped exciton emission in ultrathin 2D lead-free hybrid perovskite nanosheets under ambient conditions is successfully achieved. Concurrently, strengthened hydrogen bonds stabilize the crystal structure, maintaining optimal lattice distortion and ensuring the durability of the high-efficiency emission.

An ultra-efficiency second harmonic generation (SHG) mechanism is demonstrated by exciting ultra-high Q cavity square modes in an X-cut thin-film lithium niobate microdisk resonator without fine microdomain structures to maximum leverage the largest nonlinear coefficient d₃₃ and the high modal overlap factor, leading to highly efficient SHG with an absolute conversion efficiency as high as 48.08%.

A broadband photonics-based chaos source operating at the terahertz (THz) band is generated and experimentally achieves high-precision ranging with anti-ambiguity. Facilitated by the mutual enhancement between THz radar and chaos source, this work bridges the THz gap in the practical deployment of chaos theory and will pave the way for a new regime of THz radar empowered by chaos.

A strategy based on photonic polarization inter-band transition is proposed to realize Floquet higher-order topological insulators in synthetic dimension, and the polarization-locked topological corner states are theoretically demonstrated. The proposed method manifests great flexibility in manipulating topological phase transitions. This strategy thus deepens the understanding of higher-order topology and bulk-boundary correspondence.

2D spectroscopy has been used for decades to study light-harvesting materials. Interpreting 2D spectra is usually challenging since multiple light-matter interaction pathways contribute to a recorded signal. This theoretical study shows how entangled photons can help record distinct 2D spectra for different pathways. Quantum entanglement between photons is shown to improve the visibility of different features in a spectrum.

In this study, a hybrid-integrated laser source by self-injection locking (SIL) a DFB laser diode to a low-loss $$S{i_3}{N_4}\;$$ micro-ring resonator is presented. Benefiting from these components, a linewidth of 9 kHz, a modulation efficiency of 7 GHz/V, and a frequency excursion of 1.05 GHz in the integrated device are simultaneously achieved. Finally, we produce a linear FMCW signal with a chirp nonlinearity of 4.3 × $${10^{ - 6}}$$, delivering a 0.4 cm ranging precision in this experiment is produced.

The authors present an experimental emulator to investigate pulse dynamics within the framework of the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. By tailoring fractional group-velocity dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity in an optical cavity, distinctive spectral-temporal phenomena, including fractional solitons and spectral valleys, are unveiled. This work deepens the understanding of fractional nonlinear systems and paves the way for exploring fractional quantum mechanics.

In this study, the results of a new ferrofluid-assisted dynamic metasurface is reported for achieving 3D holography endowed with rapid, linear, and high-contrast color modulation at the same time. This opens the door to a novel implementation of the dynamic metasurface 3D holography, transcending the currently limited display capability of metasurface holography.

The radioactive Sr-90 doping supramolecular metal halide is first synthesized and characterized. The inherent beta decays of ⁹⁰Sr²⁺ ions from cationic supramolecular scaffoldings continuously ionize the SbCl₅^2- anions, enabling self-induced radioluminescence.

A kind of ML material characterized by elevated brightness, extended storage stability, and ML afterglow has been engineered through X-ray irradiation in Cs₂HfCl₆: Te⁴⁺ lead-free perovskites.

A robust, high-capacity encryption method based on a dual-band complex-amplitude metasurface is proposed. By integrating ASCII encoding, a SHA-256 compressed digital signature, a multivariate encryption key, and a modified VSS scheme, security is significantly enhanced, eliminating the need for codebook transmission. Additionally, a 3D wavefront reconstruction algorithm is used to improve capacity. A metasurface sample is fabricated, and characterized as a proof-of-concept demonstration.

This work proposes a hybrid femtosecond laser 3D processing system for rapid integration of 3D micro–nanostructures on fibers. This technology combines femtosecond projection lithography with direct laser writing; thus, improving efficiency by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the traditional point by point scanning strategy. No optical components need to be changed when switching processing modes.

As well known, polarization-independent characteristic is highly desirable for practical applications, and for metasurfaces, it is typically achieved through isotropic structures. Here, counterintuitively, polarization-independent dispersive complex-amplitude modulation is achieved via a single-layered anisotropic metasurface. By fully exploiting the degrees of freedom (DoFs) in the parameter space, the previously unattainable polarization-independent functionalities can be achieved without adding additional challenges to metasurface manufacturing.

Pressure-treated phenylboric acid (PBA) exhibits a brilliant blue emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield from the initial 2.3 % increasing to 31.5 %. Pressure-induced phase transition enhanced hydrogen bonds, which restrict the vibration of the benzene ring and minimize the non-radiative loss. The increased probability of electronic transition and oscillator strength results in the brighter blue PL emission of PBA.

This work demonstrates thermal management in AlGaAs-on-insulator microresonators using an auxiliary laser, enabling room-temperature soliton comb generation. By harnessing the residual thermal effects, the soliton existence range is extended to 37 GHz without active feedback. This approach paves the way for practical deployment of AlGaAs frequency comb sources, unlocking new possibilities for integrated photonics applications.

In vivo indocyanine green (ICG) -based fluorescence imaging is promising for cerebrovascular visualization but faces limitations due to skull interference, often requiring invasive methods. The diffusion models non-invasively enhance trans-scalp images to an anatomical level resolution similar to trans-cranial images (20.1 µm). Tested on a stroke model, it offers a cost-effective, high-resolution alternative for detecting ischemic sites.

In this work, an ideal numerical light field mapping physical model from the hologram plane to the 3D image plane is established with the aid of the Wigner distribution function, which allows the analysis of a light field from the space and the spatial frequency domains simultaneously. Furthermore, by introducing a comprehensive optimization into hologram encoding, speckle-free 3D holography in the Wigner domain is achieved.

Sub-4 nm Yb³⁺/Nd³⁺-doped CaMoO₄ nanocrystals with near-infrared photoluminescence quantum yield of 40% have been successfully synthesized for the first time by a facile room-temperature ligand-assisted coprecipitation method, which can be completed within 1 min under ambient conditions.

A wide color gamut electrochromic display utilizing asymmetric VO_x-based Fabry–Pérot nanocavities is presented. This design enables exceptional color modulation from a single electrode, achieving dynamic transitions across magenta, purple, blue, and green hues by adjusting the VO_x film thickness. Structural analysis reveals the role of Li⁺ ions dynamics in influencing optical properties, facilitating advanced applications in flexible display electronics.

A zero-index BIC is realized in an asymmetric nonlinear silicon metasurface. Because of the high Q-factor of quasi-BIC and the enhanced nonlinear effect in the near-zero index background, a large range of non-reciprocal transmission of ≈7.1 at low pump intensity is realized. For the first time, quasi-BIC with ZIM are combined together to enhance nonlinear effects, which may be of great significance for the application involving nonlinear effects.

This study demonstrates a thiocyanate salt vapor-assisted hot-pressing method for fabricating MAPbI₃ polycrystalline wafer X-ray detectors. During hot pressing, MASCN vapor facilities in situ growth of MAPbI₃ crystal grains, leading to remarkable X-ray detection performance, including a high sensitivity of 16611 µC Gy_air⁻¹ cm⁻², a low detection limit of 47.5 nGy_air s⁻¹, robust operational stability, and superior imaging capability.

This work explores potential applications of chiral-gain materials, whose electromagnetic response can be active or dissipative depending on the wave spin angular momentum. It is shown that these materials enable unique devices, including chiral lasers, polarization-dependent mirrors, and coherent-perfect-absorber lasers, while also bypassing reciprocity constraints to enhance coupling in high-Q cavities.

A 6–12 µm broadband tunable femtosecond parametric amplifier, generating output power of 2.4 W at 7.5 µm, and 1.5 W at 9.5 µm is presented. Efficient resonant ablation and microstructure fabrication on enamel at the hydroxyapatite resonant wavelength of 9.5 µm is also showcased, with a laser intensity two orders-of-magnitude lower than that required by non-resonant counterparts.

The localized distortion of the crystal field induced by K+ ions doping causes energy level splitting of Sb3+ ions, resulting in more effective energy transfer efficiency from the host to Ln3+ ions, simultaneously introducing opposite odd parity, and breaking the forbidden transition rule, promoting luminescence intensity of Ln3+ ions.

In this work, an approach is presented that utilizes a thermally induced increase in the symmetry of the host material associated with a structural phase transition in LiYO₂:Yb³⁺ enabling modification of the probability of radiative depopulation of the ²F_5/2 state of the Yb³⁺ ion and shape of the emission spectra for luminescence thermometry.

A passive terahertz focusing metasurface is designed to achieve frequency-dependent focal lengths while maintaining a constant spot size. It enables 3D see-through non-metallic objects with fixed spatial resolution across a large depth-of-field. The proposed metasurface can be employed in various applications, including in-situ defect detection, object inspection in security screening, and hidden layer identification in cultural heritage preservation.

This paper demonstrates a new method of combining Hollow-core fiber (HCF) and Mamyshev oscillator techniques to generate high-energy ultrashort pulses at a low-repetition. In addition to lowering the pulse frequency, the HCF provides chirp-managed functionality in the Mamyshev oscillator, which further enhances the maximum achievable pulse energy. A high-energy (514 nJ), short-pulse (46 fs), and low-repetition (1 MHz) fiber laser is successfully realized.

In this study, an ion-exchange strategy is utilized to effectively tailor the metal-oxygen bonds in amorphous CoSnO₃, resulting in Fe-doped CoSnO₃ (Fe-CoSnO₃). Experimental results demonstrated that the toleration of metal-oxygen bonds in CoSnO₃ accelerated the electron transition rate, shortened the recovery time, and significantly enhanced its nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, actively manipulating the mode-locking laser state in the NIR region.

A parity-time (PT) symmetry grating results in an asymmetric split of bound states in the continuum (BIC). Based on the joint effect of the asymmetric PT-BICs and cavity resonance, a line source produces unidirectional and single mode lasing with an interesting wavefront transformation: from a diverging wave to a unidirectional plane wave.

A cross-domain learning framework for adaptive structured-light 3D imaging is proposed, enhancing generalization across diverse systems and environments. The method incorporates a novel mixture-of-experts architecture, significantly improving performance over traditional specialist and generalist DNNs, and advancing robust AI-driven optical metrology.

Scintillators exhibiting both excellent spatial resolution and thermal stability are highly sought after for X-ray imaging and radionuclear detection applications in harsh environments. By employing a suite of techniques—including phase-separation-assisted crystallization, energy transfer, and compensation—Tb³⁺-doped nano-glass composite (nano-GC) scintillators are developed with good scintillation performance, rendering it particularly suited for high-temperature X-ray imaging applications.

Highly anisotropic third-harmonic (TH) optical vortex beam generation is demonstrated with fork grating holograms patterned on ultrathin 2D GeAs flakes. The TH optical vortices with defined topological charges are produced and strong anisotropy ratios of TH vortices are observed. These results pave the way toward the advancement of 2D material-based anisotropic nonlinear optical devices.

This paper proposes an optimized spectrum distribution of the input image to significantly enhance the optical efficiency of volume holographic optical element (VHOE)-based lightguides with exit pupil expansion (EPE). The concept is proved by applying a dispersion holographic optical element. It yields an optical efficiency of 9% for the lightguide with a 30° field of view, representing a 5.63-fold improvement over conventional VHOE-based EPE lightguides.

This work introduces a universal strategy for achieving multicolor mechanoluminescence (ML) through radiation energy transfer by ultraviolet ML material. Using this strategy, certain highly efficient photoluminescence materials can develop ML, transitioning from nonexistent to present or from weak to strong. Additionally, the ML color can be tuned by adjusting the composition ratio of energy donor and acceptor.

Achieving efficient acousto-optic modulation remains challenging due to the simultaneous requirements of confinement and minimal loss for acoustic and optical fields. Using integrated gallium nitride waveguides, these limitations are addressed and complete mode conversion with a 1.67-mW driving power, setting a benchmark for integrated acousto-optics, is demonstrated. That enables new possibilities for integrated quantum and classical signal processing.

A three-layer Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain is designed and demonstrated via femtosecond laser direct writing. The system can be split into a Hermitian SSH subspace and a non-Hermitian ladder subspace through hidden symmetry, resulting in the observation of lossless topological bound states in a non-Hermitian system. Such a system offers the potential for achieving coherent topological propagation on photonic chips.

While coherent light shows great potential for optical multiplexing, its susceptibility to environmental disturbances often results in information loss. Hereto, an incoherent optical information multiplexing protocol leveraging the field correlations of structured random light is proposed. The inherently incoherent nature of random light makes this protocol have high security, high capacity, and high fidelity, even in an extremely noisy environment.

Three organic-inorganic hybrid cuprous halides with [Cu₄Br₆]^2- unit, namely (TMAA)₂Cu₄Br₆, (EtTPPh)₂Cu₄Br₆, and (MtTBA)₂Cu₄Br₆, are designed and synthesized. (TMAA)₂Cu₄Br₆ exhibits a near-unity PLQY up to 99.86%, which can be attributed to the suppression of non-radiative transition by the introduction of rigid cations. The scintillation film fabricated by (TMAA)₂Cu₄Br₆ achieves a spatial resolution of up to 15.6 lp mm⁻¹. This work presents a promising strategy for designing hybrid cuprous halide scintillators.

A robust strategy is developed through pressure-synergistic ligand engineering to achieve enhanced emission and remarkable piezochromism from orange to blue-violet emission with high color purity of 71.4% in the synthesized cadmium sulfide nanocrystals that exhibits both band-edge emission and strong defect emission.

This work proposes a dual Jones matrices operation in both linear and circular polarization bases to extend the independent manipulation of the Jones matrix phase channels to a counter-intuitive and unprecedented number of six using a single-layer monoatomic metasurface. A modified three-step gradient descent algorithm is introduced to encode six holographic images, opening new avenues for optical wavefront manipulation.

A new mechanism to generate microwave-optics entanglement is proposed using two coupled opto- and magnomechanical microspheres (a silica sphere and an yttrium-iron-garnet sphere) placed inside a microwave cavity. This is realized by activating the magnomechanical parametric down-conversion yielding the magnomechanical entanglement, which is eventually distributed to the microwave and optical cavities through the magnon-microwave, mechanics-mechanics, and optomechanical beamsplitter interactions.

This study uses metamaterial waveguides to overcome wavelength-dependent mode mismatches, enabling ultra-broadband, high-purity chiral mode switching beyond 1.55 µm. Simulations spanning both the optical communication and 2 µm wavebands show near-unity transmission efficiency and high mode purity (> 98.8%) across a record 500 nm bandwidth. The work advances high-efficiency, high-purity chiral transmission devices in the near/mid-infrared, with promising prospects for EP-based applications.

An all-dielectric resonant meta-lens based on the Fresnel zone plate design is developed to enable wavelength-selective focusing. It achieves reflective focusing at a resonant wavelength of 460 nm while allowing normal transmission at non-resonant wavelengths. Simulation (experimental) results indicate a high color purity of 90% (66%). Additionally, a multi-resonant meta-lens has been proposed to focus selectively on three colors.

A comprehensive summary of various plasmonic sensing techniques, focusing on both propagating SPR (PSPR) and localized SPR (LSPR) platforms is presented. Their characteristics, sensing performances, and practical applications in exosome capture and detection are demonstrated, including current challenges and future research directions in this field, offering insights into the potential of plasmonic sensing in biomedical research and clinical practice.

An optical medium is proposed with programmable susceptibility tensor based on polarizable atoms, enabling efficient control of the optical response in space and time. It highlights the potential for nonreciprocal optical effects and rapid, reconfigurable signal isolation in atom-cladded waveguides, offering significant advancements for integrated photonic devices and structured optics.

In this review article, diverse strategies are employed to enhance the performance of integrated optical spectrometers on silicon photonics platforms, revealing the underlying principles, diverse design methodologies, and spectral performances inherent in distinct device architectures. Building upon these insights, this review goes a step further to navigate the challenges these innovations face and the potential applications they unlock.

A high-capacity lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) optical transmitter for next-generation passive optical-networks (PONs) is proposed and demonstrated with ultra-low temperature-dependence for the first time by simultaneously introducing Z- and Y-propagation LNOI photonic waveguides. Here, the corresponding photonic filters are realized by integrating amplitude-apodized multimode waveguide gratings (MWGs) and mode (de)multiplexers designed with Z-propagation LNOI photonic waveguides, which are found to be with a low thermo-optic coefficient and thus enable the athermalization. Meanwhile, the high-speed optical modulators connected at the add ports of the photonic filters for the 1342/1577 nm channels are developed with Y-propagation LNOI photonic waveguides with the maximal electro-optic effect. For the fabricated on-chip optical transmitter, box-like spectral responses are achieved with ultra-low excess losses of < 0.5 dB and low inter-channel crosstalk of < −26 dB for all the channels whose bandwidths are respectively ∼16/20/4/15/5 nm as expected. The present LNOI photonic chip is nearly athermal in experiments, exhibiting very low temperature-dependence less than 8.7 pm °C⁻¹ in the full wavelength range of >300 nm. Finally, high-capacity data transmissions of 50/100 Gbps on-off keying (OOK) signals and 100/200 Gbps PAM4 signals are demonstrated, providing a promising solution for next-generation PONs.

This work presents a variational learning approach that integrates post-selection and fundamental photonic components to enable real-time optimization of chips tailored to specific tasks and simplifying complex circuits into single nonlinear operators. The design of a single ancilla CNOT gate and the first demonstration of quantum stochastic simulation using integrated photonics is achieved, showing great promise for quantum information processing.

In the designed Ag nanoholes/WS₂/SiO₂/MoS₂ heterostructures, A exciton of WS₂ and spatially separated B exciton of MoS₂ are entangled by the Bloch-surface plasmon polariton mode. Such entangled states assist in remarkably efficient energy transfer. This research can establish the scientific foundation for developing the related heterostructure optoelectronic devices.

The article demonstrates the realization of microscopic rotors adhered on frictional solid surfaces using an all-optical approach. Through an opto-thermo-elastic coupled mechanism, a pulsed laser reshaped to possess an elongated Gaussian field injects chirality in optothermally excited elastic waves within the obliquely irradiated rotor, which in turn induces a frictional torque empowering the rotational motion of the rotor.

Metasurfaces fabricated from van der Waals material make it possible to excite octupole quasi-trapped modes without violating the symmetry properties of the system and to observe narrowband features in light reflection spectrum for the metasurface accompanied by the strong localization of near-field energy in its plane.

A real-time comb-calibrated FMCW LiDAR system is demonstrated for high-resolution NLOS tracking. A 3D positioning (and velocity) accuracy of 2 mm (and 2 mm s⁻¹) and the capability to realize real-time multi-object tracking are demonstrated in experiment. Importantly, the FMCW-LiDAR approach can obtain the position and velocity of multiple objects in a snapshot, thus resolving the problems of measurement origin uncertainty, false alarm, and detection overlap.

A meta-microlens array (meta-MLA) confocal microscope is presented that enhances fluorescence imaging speed without replacing existing scanning devices. The use of ultra-compact metasurface enables rapid image acquisition and reduces photo-bleaching. Image clarity comparable to traditional systems is maintained by integrating deep learning and deconvolution methods. The approach is versatile and compatible with current biomedical imaging applications.

A multifunctional metalens that integrates an achromatic lens with large numerical aperture is demonstrated, a quarter-wave plate, and a polarizer for trapping and characterizing single Rubidium atoms. The metalens can simultaneously focus a trapping beam at 852 nm and collect single-photon fluorescence at 780 nm.

An ellipticity-controlled spatially multiplexed surface modulation is demonstrated using orthogonal elliptically polarized beams. This technique enables slightly distorted unique structural features, offering enhanced spatial control over azopolymer migration and consequently diffracted light. This advancement enables the fabrication of complex structures like Fourier Optical Elements and Photonic Crystals.

So far, multiplexing holographic technology of 3D multi-targets is still a blank. Here, the conception of 3D orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing holography is proposed. Holographic encryption and dynamic display for 3D multi-targets are realized experimentally for the first time with metasurface. This breaks the restriction that only 2D images can be encrypted in traditional holographic encryption.

Red-emitting phosphor-in-glass (Red-PiG) color converters are essential for high-power light-emitting diode and laser lighting applications, but face challenges due to degradation and interfacial reactions. This study demonstrates how spark plasma sintering effectively mitigates these issues, optimizing interfacial morphology to achieve a borosilicate-based PiG with a luminous flux of 248 lm and efficiency of 173 lm W⁻¹, setting new performance benchmarks.

A new DJ-phase Mn²⁺-doped perovskite scintillator with extremely fascinating merits of high light-yield, low detection limit, and super stability, is presented which holds a promise for the high-resolution X-ray imaging.

The coherent ultrafast injection photocurrent by quantum interference in low-dimensional semiconductors can be veiled by other linear or nonlinear optical effects. A method is proposed to isolate the pure injection photocurrent from optical responses of multilayer rhenium disulfide (ReS₂), based on the terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy under two-color light excitation. This work promotes the ultrafast quantum coherent control for solids.

A hybrid thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) micro-ring acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is demonstrated. In the experiments, the double-arm micro-ring acousto-optic modulation is confirmed in a non-suspended chalcogenide (ChG)-loaded TFLN waveguide platform. The half-wave-voltage-length product V_πL of the hybrid micro-ring AOM is as small as 9 mV cm. Highly efficient micro-ring acousto-optic modulation thus provides new opportunities for expanding TFLN-ChG hybrid piezo-optomechanical devices.

A novel QCL-based, cryogen-free, and transportable wireless communication system is presented operating at 2.83 THz. The QCL device is mounted in a compact Stirling refrigerator, while a room-temperature graphene-based FET is used as a receiver, implementing a binary on-off keying (OOK) modulation scheme with Manchester encoding. Precise communication tests are performed and propose a propagation model to extrapolate the performances of an optimized configuration.

A polarization-sensitive narrowband InGaAs photodetector (PD) operating in the short-wave infrared range is proposed, capable of capturing wavelength, intensity, and polarization data concurrently without additional optical components. The device is formed by integrating an InGaAs PD onto a silicon grating, utilizing the guided-mode resonance effect to amplify absorption at specific target wavelengths, which is different for TE and TM polarized light.

This article introduces a high-performance MUTC-PD module with WR-6 waveguide output for photonics-assisted fiber-THz wireless communications. With flat PD chip response, low-loss transition circuits as well as optimized packaging process, the module achieves ultra-wideband and high-speed performance, supporting data rates up to 160 Gbps with 16 QAM, showcasing its potential for next-generation, high-speed communication systems.

A new thermodynamic theory for optical multimode systems is presented, based on a weighted Bose–Einstein law (wBE) and including a state equation, fundamental equation for the entropy and an accuracy metric. An experimental comparison of two propagation regimes of a multimode optical fiber is carried out in terms of wBE, namely the self-cleaning in the normal chromatic dispersion region of the fiber, and the soliton condensation in the anomalous dispersion region. Surprising similarities are found in terms of thermodynamic parameters such as the optical temperature, chemical potential, Boltzmann and Shannon entropy.

The manuscript entitled “Exceptional-point-enhanced superior sensing using asymmetric coupled-lossy-resonator based optical metasurface” by Nag Chowdhury et al presents a novel scheme for exceptional-point based quantum-enhanced-sensing using non-Hermitian asymmetric coupled-lossy-resonators, experimentally demonstrating the detection of recombinant spike-proteins of SARS-CoV-2-Omicron-strain with 〉2200% enhancement. The work provides a new perspective in high-sensitivity disease detection and monitoring with broad implications in biomedical-instrumentation and quantum-sensing.

An Illustration of hybrid-grating-empowered fiber incoupling across wide-angle intervals, achieved through a four-sector nanostructure located on the fiber end face.

The work reports the first experimental realization of a tunable chiral topological whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) cavity in gyromagnetic photonic crystals with time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking. The study experimentally demonstrates that the chiral topological WGM cavities exhibit superior robustness, and the resonance frequencies and free spectral range (FSR) of the cavities can be tuned at will by inserting a metallic scatterer with different lengths.

Sculpting electromagnetic (EM) waves to convey information is a mainstream paradigm in EM and optics applications. A flow model is proposed to explicitly calculate the conditional distribution between partially accessible EM information and comprehensive EM information, transcending the limits of conventional paradigms. This approach enables the restoration of detected EM field under diverse occlusion scenarios, without necessitating elaborate equipment.

A novel high-throughput, stitching-free FPM strategy that combines a photon-efficient, lenslet-array-integrated LED illuminator with a hybrid multiplexed illumination scheme is introduced. The illuminator provides vignette-free, high-intensity illumination, dramatically reducing DF acquisition time to a few milliseconds and eliminating vignetting-induced artifacts. Meanwhile, the illumination multiplexing scheme significantly reduces the number of measurements, achieving a 0.51-NA resolution across a field of view of 4.1 mm².

In this study, pairwise thermal photons, generated in the proposed random holography (RH), can exhibit both Hanbury–Brown–Twiss (HBT)-type and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR)-like correlations. The experiments have demonstrated the standard EPR inequalities for position-momentum and angular position-momentum after subtracting the intensity background. The study will refresh the understanding of photon correlation and provide a simple bi-correlation light source for diverse quantum-mimic applications.

The ultra-low threshold GeSnOI laser is demonstrated using a defect-free and tensile-strained GeSn layer grown by the RMG method. Ultra-low threshold of 0.52 kW cm⁻² at 10 K is achieved. The RMG method can allow obtaining truly monolithic, high-performance on-chip lasers with ideal GeSn gain media, potentially completing the missing piece of the monolithically integrated Si photonics platform.

Polariton OLEDs, consisting of organic material integrated into a microcavity, offer several advantages. These include a low turn-on voltage, the ability to emit in six distinct narrowband colors covering blue to red, angle-independent emission, and robustness at current densities up to 118 A cm⁻².

Through controlling the luminous intensity of LED array beads in horizontal and vertical directions, the photoresistor value can be adjusted. Based on this characteristic, the designed metasurface can synthesize different polarized waves under x-polarized and y-polarized waves simultaneous incidence. Meanwhile, it can also realize multi-polarization amplitude modulations for information transmission under different polarized waves incidence.

A facile and universal strategy to construct 2D/quasi-2D/3D CsPbI_xBr_3–x heterostructures is proposed through the two-step phenylethylammonium bromide sequential surface treatment. The heterostructure contributes to high-performance infrared-blind visible-light photodetectors with recorded external quantum efficiency, high linear dynamic range, and fast response speed. It stimulates high-quality visible-light detection in image sensors, biomimetic eyes, and underwater wireless light communication.

The conservation law of the generalized angular momentum (GAM) of light is investigated through second-harmonic generation in inhomogeneous plasmas. The study reveals that the symmetry and topological properties of the GAM state are broken with such a nonlinear process that relies on quadrupolar interaction. Importantly, this symmetry breaking offers a readily detectable signature of the topology of the driving field.

The highly transparent glass composite activated with Cr³⁺ is fabricated via controllable nanocrystallization. It exhibits tunable photoluminescence and radioluminescence response in the NIR region, with excellent external quantum efficiency and robust thermal quenching resistance. Benefiting from these distinctive features, further the cooperative imaging system is constructed and the simultaneous visualization of bone and blood is successfully demonstrated.

The introduction of m-MTDATA, a polyaromatic hydrocarbon, into Cs₂ZrCl₆ could increase the trap depths, leading to an energy-transfer process with the shallow STE states restrained, avoiding the TADF mechanism.

The work presents a strategy for precise control of the exchange coupling between Cr³⁺ ions in LiAl₅O₈: Cr³⁺ phosphor. By combining crystal field engineering and heavy doping, the NIR emission shifts from narrowband emission of isolated Cr³⁺ to unusual broadband emission of Cr³⁺-Cr³⁺ aggregation, which provides new insights for NIR phosphors in NIR pc-LEDs and optical thermometry applications.

An effective scheme for generating structured vortex beams and orbital angular momentum from the viewpoint of intensity singularity is developed. Such structured beams exhibit intensity gradient and phase gradient. This approach possesses the advantages of simplicity, versatility, and intuition, and allows to precisely controlling the beam trajectory, intensity, and phase distribution.

An H₂-sensitive photoresist, doped with palladium nanoparticles, has been developed for laser direct writing of MEMS H₂ sensors. This work demonstrates that, by preparing an ultra-compact fiber-tip clamped-beam microsensor for rapid and sensitive H₂ detection. Such strategy provides a solution for achieving on-chip direct laser writing of integrated H₂ microsensors.

The introduction of heteroanions into tetrahedral groups can induce a high polarizability anisotropy, originating from the optimization of the bonding electrons activity and their distribution. Then, an elegant hetero-two-site heteroleptic tetrahedron [SO₂NH₂Cl] with a high polarizability anisotropy is designed, which adequately confirms the ideas in theoretical and experimental results.

A programmable metamaterial is exhibited, which provides a new platform for reprogrammable in-plane wave control and manipulation. The proposed metamaterial is promising in realizing multi-functional wave operators, integrable computing, and deep learning devices.

SnO₂ nanocrystals offer a promising alternative as an electron-transporting material, potentially addressing the stability issues of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) caused by ZnO. This study explores the effects of low-level Sb doping in SnO₂ and introduces a gradient doping strategy for decoupling the fluorescence-conductivity tradeoff, setting a new benchmark for the performance of ZnO-free QLEDs.

Minimalist metasurfaces characterized by a single-celled configuration, composed of only two types of nanobricks are propsed. The design exhibits versatility, enabling wavelength decoupling for both co-polarization and cross-polarization incidence. Additionally, by integrating the metasurface with liquid crystal devices, efficient information encryption can be achieved, demonstrating broad potential applications in optical data storage, image display, and information security.

This paper provides an extensive review of integrated optical tunable delay lines (OTDLs) and microwave photonic (MWP) beamforming chips. It covers classification, principles, calibration, control technologies, and system verification, highlighting the challenges faced in real-world applications and outlining future development directions.

Introducing external excitation power reveals the interrelated thermodynamic properties of exciton, electron–hole plasma, and electron–hole droplet in diamond. This work presents a novel method to study luminescent thermodynamics in indirect-bandgap semiconductors, integrating power and temperature dimensions for a deeper understanding of their luminescent behavior.

A universal computational imaging fluorescent encryption framework is achieved by combining advanced lanthanide luminescent material, improved single-pixel encryption, and digital steganography. This scheme can efficiently and flexibly achieve three-level encryption of various images and convenient image acquisition by a camera, demonstrating the highly invulnerable and flexible computational fluorescent encryption and decryption application for lanthanide luminescent material.

Deterministic single-mode oscillation in a PT-symmetric multimode resonator is achieved through saturable absorption and one-shot injection, without the need for any filter. A PT-OEO demonstrates oscillation at desired frequencies from 1.8 to 9 GHz, with ultra-low phase noise at −158.6 dBc Hz⁻¹@10 kHz, significantly enhancing signal quality and performance without complex frequency tuning structures.

The first on-chip mid-infrared Raman soliton laser using GeSbSe waveguides is reported. The device achieves continuous tunability from 1960 to 2145 nm and generates a broad supercontinuum spanning over one octave, demonstrating its potential for spectroscopy, metrology, and quantum optics.

Combining a high-performance perovskite photodetector with a computational imaging algorithm, a perovskite video camera has been developed that can demonstrate video imaging of moving objects at a frame rate of 25 frames per second. In addition, the 1024×1024 pixel imaging captured by the perovskite camera shows the highest pixels in previous state-of-the-art perovskite imaging reports.

High brightness and ultra-stable cyan-emitting BaClF/CsPbBr₃ perovskite heterostructures are successfully prepared using a lattice matching strategy, which effectively overcomes the blue overshoot and cyan gap issues in white light-emitting (WLED), thereby increasing the color rendering index (CRI) from 70.1 to 86.2 and boosting the luminous efficiency from 21.3 to 87.8 lmW⁻¹.

This work demonstrates a germanium/silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) with a record-large bandwidth of 67 GHz, enabling data reception of 240 Gb s⁻¹ signal—the highest single-channel bitrate among all reported APDs. This breakthrough is achieved by implementing an extremely narrow multiplication layer to enhance the space charge effect. This work paves the way for high-speed and high-sensitivity optical interconnection.

The study demonstrates that there are two structural domains exist in the <n> = 1 and 2 films. As the number of inorganic layers number increases, the energy level difference between the two domains gets smaller. Thus, they predict the coexistence of the two domains in <n> = 3 and 4 films.

An overview of the latest advancements in deep learning technologies in single-pixel imaging is provided. The fundamental principles of single-pixel imaging and deep learning are initially presented. Subsequently, a comprehensive review is conducted on the advancements of deep learning in various domains of single-pixel imaging. Finally, open challenges and potential solutions are discussed.

Inserting nanostructured gold into the interface between the silicon substrate and pyroelectric semiconductor produces several benefits, including light trapping, dark current suppression, enhancement of the intrinsic built-in electric field, and intensification of spontaneous polarization. The resulting p-Si/nanostructured Au/CdS detectors demonstrate high-performance responses to visible and long-wave infrared dual-band without external bias, achieving dual functionality for visible light communication and passive human recognition.

This Monte Carlo analysis suggests that the considerable random phase imbalance of the switch elements is the dominant fundamental obstacle for scaling up MZS. Therefore, calibration-free MZSs are crucial for scaling up. Also, the scalability of the Benes topology is projected and concludes that it is promising to realize large-scale, low-excess-loss, calibration-free N × N photonic switches (e.g., N ≥ 64) based on the proposed MZS.

A tunable 1D photonic crystal is created with strong polarization dependence by embedding a uniform lying helix in a planar microcavity. Voltage-controlled orientation of liquid crystal molecules alters photonic bandgaps and induces spin-orbit coupling, that can be treated as a non-Abelian gauge potential. Doping with dyes enables tunable dual- and circularly- polarized lasing.

A feasible and promising strategy is developed for achieving highly integrated wavelength-multiplexed diffractive devices. The thickness of the diffractive layer can be decreased to sub-ten nanometers under the condition of pronounced amplitude modulation, and wavelength-multiplexed holograms and optical neural networks with low cross-talks can be realized using selective absorption of 2D perovskites, getting rid of the usage of complex optical structures or filters.

A highly transparent and custom-shapable thermoplastic manganese halide scintillation glass is reported by using a facile melt-quenching approach. With the tailored thermoplasticity, the glass is entailed with great adaptability and reusability, which can be molded multiple times to conform to different matters with diverse geometries, achieving consistent high-resolution curved X-ray imaging.

A simple and efficient method is developed, incorporating anion and ligand exchange processes to passivate surface defects and hinder ion migration. This significantly enhances optical and radioluminescence properties of double perovskite nanocrystals. The combination of negligible self-absorption and exceptional X-ray absorption capabilities facilitates an outstanding light yield of ≈20 952 photons MeV⁻¹, a high spatial resolution of 8.1 lp mm⁻¹, and a low detection limit of 207.5 nGyair s⁻¹.

A strategy based on nonadiabatic pumping is proposed to realize ultrabroadband light coupling for integrated photonics, which is experimentally demonstrated in thin-film lithium niobate platform. The devices exhibit a 1 dB bandwidth of ≈320 nm, with a coupling length of ≈55 µm. The strategy enables to construct multiple-level cascaded networks for broadband optical interconnections on chip.

The physical mechanism behind the efficient and powerful power clamping in second harmonic generation is revealed and analyzed. Experimentally, the two distinct power clamping points including the high normalized conversion efficiency of ≈38% mW⁻¹ and the high output power of ≈1.2 mW are separately observed, respectively, consistent with the theoretical model.

Ultrafast room-temperature synthesis of K₃ZrF₇:Yb/Er nanocrystals is reported for the first time. These nanocrystals exhibit superior upconversion luminescence to both their high-temperature-synthesized counterparts and the extensively studied NaBiF₄:Yb/Er nanocrystals. The K₃ZrF₇:Yb/Er nanocrystals display thermal enhancement of upconversion over a temperature range from room temperature to 473 K, which can serve as supersensitive nanothermometer for ratiometric temperature sensing.